to France, and commences the siege of Or- leans, 155. Rejects the proposal of the Duke of Burgundy, 159. Who withdraws his offi- cers from before Orleans, 159. Appearance of Jeanne d'Arc, 161. The siege of Orleans raised, 166. Renewal of the pact between the Duke of Burgundy and the Duke of Bedford, 170. Bedford's force for retrieving the dis- aster at Orleans, 170. Challenges the King to battle at Montereau and Dammartin, but fails to induce him to fight, 171. Goes to Nor- mandy, 171. Charges made against him as to Jeanne d'Arc, 182, note. His efforts for defend- ing the English conquests, 184. Hands over Paris to the Duke of Burgundy, and keeps his court at Rouen, 184. Takes vengeance upon Beauvais, and captures Xantrailles, 186. Loses the castle of Rouen, but recovers it, 186. Death of his wife, and marriage with the daughter of the Count of St. Pol, 186. Coldness between him and the Duke of Bur- gundy in consequence, 187. Pressed on all sides by the French, 187. Unsuccessfulness
of the English arms, 188. Death of Bedford, 189. And desertion of the Duke of Bur- gundy from the English alliance, 192 John, fourth Duke of Bedford, goes to France to negotiate peace, iv. 287. Limitation of his powers, 288
John, Duke of Bourbon, taken prisoner at Agincourt, ii. 114
John II., Duke of Brabant, reaction in his duchy against the French, i. 327. Under- takes to negotiate between the French and Flemings, 334
John III., the Triumphant, Duke of Brabant, induced by Philip VI. to assume the Cross, i. 395
John II., Duke of Brittany, taken prisoner by Robert of Artois, i. 309. Induced to join Philip the Fair in his war with Flanders, 312. Induced by Philip VI. to assume the Cross, 395. Arranges to set aside appeals from his courts to Paris, 395. His death, 411 John V., Duke of Brittany. See Montfort,
John VI., Duke of Brittany, goes to Paris to endeavour to reconcile the Burgundians and Armagnacs, ii. 118. Seized by the party of the Dauphin, 135. Who are compelled to liberate him, 135. His brother Arthur mar- ried to the sister of the Duke of Burgundy, 147. Sues for peace to the Duke of Brittany, and signs the treaty of Troyes, 154 John of Montfort claims the duchy of Brittany, i. 411. Acknowledged by Nantes and Limo- ges, 411. Goes to England and does homage for Richmond, 412. Summoned to Paris, which he leaves secretly, 412. Defeated by Charles of Blois, and sent prisoner to the Louvre, 413.
His rights defended by his
wife, who stands a siege in Hennebout, 413. And sends Amaury de Clisson for English succour, 413. Which arrives, and relieves the town, 415. His countess goes to England and returns with Robert of Artois and an army, 415.
His escape from the Louvre and death at Hennebout, 422. War between him and his rival, Charles of Blois, 506. Who is killed at Auray, 507. John recognised as duke of Brittany, 507
John of Brittany, son of Charles of Blois, his liberty purchased by the Constable Clisson, ii. 38
John sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, when Count of Nevers joins a crusade against the, Turks, ii. 45. Defeated and taken prisoner at Nicopolis, 46. Ransomed, 46. Succeeds to the throne on the death of his father, 48, 49. His feud with the Duke of Orleans, 49. Opposes a general contribution, 49. Carries
off the Dauphin to Paris, 50. His strife with the Duke of Orleans, 51. Obtains the government of Picardy, 52. Besieges Calais, but fails, 52, 53. Causes Orleans to be murdered, 53. Acknowledges his crime, and escapes, 55. His public entry into Paris,
His defeat of the Liegeois at the battle of Hasbain, 61. Oration of the Abbé de St. Fiacre in condemnation of the murder of Orleans, 63. Effect in Paris of John's vic- tory at Hasbain, 63. His return to Paris, 64. Concludes peace with the princes and the Orleans family, 65. Causes Montagu to be arrested and executed, 78, 79. Privileges granted by him to the Parisians, 79. Their repugnance to him, 80. The Duke's project of reform, 80. Revival of the feud between the Orleans party and that of Burgundy, 80. Preparations of the two parties for war, 80. Gradual extension of the dominions of the
Duke of Burgundy, 81. Inability of the Duke to raise an army to resist the advan- cing Orleanists, 81, 82. His licentious Bra- banters, 82. Concludes peace with the Orleanists at Bicêtre, 82. The peace rup- tured, and the Duke compelled to arm, 83. Applies to Henry IV. of England for aid, 83, 85. Ascendancy of the Count de St. Pol and the Paris butchers, 84. The Duke de- tained in the north by the Flemings, who desert him, 85. A force sent to his assist- ance by the King of England, 85. Drives the Armagnacs out of Picardy, 85. Enters Paris, 85. And defeats the Armagnacs, 85, 86. Concludes peace with the Dukes of Berry and Orleans, 88. Reconciliation of the court and the Orleanists, 99. The Duke opposes peace with the Armagnacs, 100. Gives up the keys of the Bastille, 101. The Armagnacs becoming masters of Paris, he escapes to Lille, 101. But returns to besiege
the Armagnacs in Paris, 102. Retires north- wards, 102. His party besieged and taken at Soissons, 103. Makes peace at Arras, 103. Approaches Paris after the battle of Agin- court, 117. But forbidden to enter the capi- tal, 117. Loiters at Lagny, 118. Defeat of | his plans by the death of the Dauphin and the Duke of Berry, 120. Makes war against the Armagnacs, 122. Invests St. Cloud and threatens Paris, ii. 122. Which he is unable to enter, 122. Liberates Queen Isabella from imprisonment, 123. Abolishes all taxes save that of salt, 123. The gates of Paris opened to his party, who destroy the Armag- nacs, 124. His public entry, with the Queen, into the city, 126. His suppression of the excesses of the Parisian mob, 126. Surren- der of Normandy to Henry V. of England, 129. Meeting of the two courts at Meulant, 129. Breaking up of the conference, 130. The Duke's reconciliation with the Dauphin, 130. His patriotism and unselfishness, 131. Meets the Dauphin on the bridge of Montereau, 132. Where he is murdered, 133, 134. His character, 142
John-Frederick, Duke of Saxony, defeated and captured at the battle of Muhlberg, ii. 597 John William, Duke of Saxony, marches into France against the Huguenots, iii. 98 John William, Elector Palatine, signs the treaty of Loo, iv. 83
John, Count of Berri, takes a command at Poitiers, i. 461. Flies from the field, 463 John III., Count of Flanders, refuses to do homage to Philip V. of France on his acces- sion, i. 370. Killed, 379
John Tristam, Count of Nevers, son of St. Louis, dies at Tunis, i. 272
John of Bavaria, Bishop of Liege, ii. 60. Re-
bellion of the Liegeois against him, 60. The rebellion put down at the battle of Hasbain,
John of St. John taken prisoner, i. 309 John XXII., Pope, stigmatised as heretic by the Sorbonne, i. 361, note. Excommunicates the Duke of Milan, 373. His nephew-in- law, the Lord of Casaubon, hanged, 378 John XXIII., Pope, election of, ii. 76. Con- vokes the Council of Constance, 103. Driven from Rome by King Ladislas of Naples, 103. Deposed, 104. Denounces the Council of Constance, 106 John of Troyes, the surgeon, one of the leaders of the Paris butchers, ii. 84. His address to the Dauphin at the palace, 94. His entreaty to the King, 96. Desires to make terms with the Armagnacs, and get security for his party, 100. His character, ii. 141
Jollivet the deputy, killed by the troops, v. 592 Jonquière, La, defeated by Hawke off Cape Finisterre, iv. 240
Joseph I., Emperor of Germany, his death, ir. 107 Joseph II., Emperor of Germany, sums paid by England to secure his election as King of the Romans, iv. 261. His alliance with Russia, 373. Object of his ambition, 373. His views for the emancipation of the Schell. 374. His quarrel with Holland, 374. Ex- torts five millions from France, 374. Joseph, the Capucin friar, dissuades violence against Marie de Medicis, iii. 423. His pol.- tical tendencies and friendship with Cardina! Richelieu, 446. At the diet of Ratisbon, 495. 95. Signs the treaty at Ratisbon, 496 Josephine, the Empress, her divorce conten- plated, v. 116, 117. Crowned by Napoleo 118. Divorced, 157. Her death, 249. Joubert, General, encounters Suwarrow at Novi. . 63. His death, 63
Jourdan de Lille, Lord of Casaubon, his crimes. i. 378. Tried at Paris, condemned, ari hanged, 378
Jourdan, General, afterwards Marshal, leads the army of Vaucluse at Avignon, iv. 495. Succeeds Houchard, 616. Heads a division at Wattignies, and leaves the command t Carnot, 616. Lays siege to Charleroi, 66 Defeats the Prince of Cobourg, and gains Brussels, 661. Defeated by the Archduk- Charles, v. 24. Again defeated at Stochach, 55 Jourdan, Camille, elected a deputy, v. 288 Created a peer of France, 295. His amend ment on law of elections, 305
Jovel, John, enters the service of Charles t Navarre, i. 505. Killed at the battle c Cocherel, 506
Joyeuse, favourite of Henry III., created s miral, iii. 196. Marries the Queen's sist 196. Sent on a mission to the King cá Navarre, 197. Commands a Catholic arr in Poitou, 205. Entrusted with an army oppose the King of Navarre, 209. Defeated and killed at Coutras, 210, 211. His sa- mission to Henry IV., 320
Joyeuse, Cardinal of, sent on a mission :: Rome, iii. 324
Juan, gulf of, landing of Napoleon at the, v. 24 Juan II., King of Aragon, murders the Pri of Viana, ii. 259. Gires the provinces Roussillon and Cerdagne in pledge to Le IX., 259
Judges, King Clothaire's edict against t arbitrary conduct of, i. 7. Nature of Charle magne's judicial arrangements, 29. Cem mencement of the French system of judi... centralisation, 170. The right of self-elect obtained by the Parlement, ii. 77. T judicature reorganised by Charles VII, The judicial reforms of St. Louis, i. 21 Difference between the French and Engin systems, 260. Treatment of Louis XI. of ↑
judges and of judicial functions, 348. Louis ! XII.'s improvements in the administration ¦ of the law, 399. Judicial appointments in the reign of Francis I., 460, 574, 575. The judicial body favours tolerance in religion, 641, 642. Their tolerance of Protestantism, 645. Visit of the King to their mercurial,' 646. Some of the Protestant judges arrested by order of the King, 647. Endeavours of De l'Hôpital to reform the judicial office, iii.
Three judges beheaded by the Sixteen, 281. Effect of their right to sell their offices, 406, 407. Their opposition to the govern- ment of Mazarin, 579-585. Their meeting and resolutions in the Salle St. Louis, 585. Arrest of Broussel, and commencement of the Fronde, 587. Arrangement come to between the court and judges, 590. Attacks on them by the Paris mob, 622, 626. The massacre in the Hôtel de Ville, 626, 627. Their en- mity to Law and his schemes, iv. 166, 177. Their remonstrance against his decree as to the rate of interest, 177. Sanction the per- secution of the Protestants, 256. Corruption of the judges of the reign of Louis XV., 292. Sent into exile by Louis XV., 325. Declared elective by the National Assembly, 448. See also Convention; Napoleon I.; Parliament Judith, Princess of Guelph, married to the Em- peror Louis the Debonnaire, i. 39 Julien, San, Austrian envoy, persuaded by Talleyrand to sign agreement for peace, v. 88 Juliers, invaded by the Archduke Leopold, iii. 377. Surrenders to a French army under De la Châtre, 388
Julius II., Pope, when Cardinal, urges Charles VIII. to invade Italy, ii. 381. Election of, 417. His alarm at the French conquest of Genoa, 425. Takes the field, and secures Bologna, 423. Declares for the Venetians against the French, 431. Recovers the Ro- magna, 431. Marches in person against the French, 432. Takes Mirandola, 432. Loses Bologna, 432. Retires to Rome, 432. Joins a league against France, 433. His territories defended by Cardona with a Spanish army, 433. His troops defeated at Ravenna, by De Foix, 435. Opens the Council of Lateran, 436. Takes Parma and Piacenza, 437. Re- gains Bologna, and takes Reggio, 437. Suc- cess of his policy, 438. His death, 438. His breach with Henry II. of France, 607 Julius III., Pope, endeavours to effect peace between Charles V. and Henry II., ii. 616 Junot, Marshal, invades Portugal, v. 152. His defeat and expulsion from Portugal, 156 Jurieu, Pierre, publication of his 'Lettres Pas- torales,' iv. 20
Just, St., returned member of the Convention, iv. 535. Proposes instant immolation of Louis XVI., 548. Member of Committee of
Public Safety, 609. Proposes law of suspects and other revolutionary measures, 612. Re- ports on internal plots, 640. His enmity to Danton, 641. Arrests Danton and his friends, and procures their execution, 642-644. Pro- scribes all nobles and strangers, 646, 647. Threatens Carnot, 651. Demands the dic- tatorship for Robespierre, 652. His report to the Convention on its members leads to a tumult, in which his arrest is voted, 656, 657. Rescued by Henriot, 657. Re-arrested and executed, 659
Juste Milieu principle ruling the power of Louis Philippe's government, v. 461
Justice, mockery of, in the fourteenth century, i. 450
KALOUGA, Russian army encamped on the,
Karl, William, or Callet, leader of the Jac- querie, i. 477. Entrapped and put to death, 477
Kaunitz, Prince, furious at the terms of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, iv. 245. His pro- motion of an alliance between Austria and France, 262
Kehl taken by the Marshal Crequy, iii. 703 Kellerman, General, engages the Prussians at Valmy, iv. 533. Besieges Lyons, 597. De- feated by Austro-Piedmontese, v. 16. Divides command with Buonaparte, 20. Charges the Austrians at Marengo, and turns the battle in favour of Buonaparte, 86
Kent, Earl of, slain at the battle of Beaugé, ii. 138
Kersaint, the Girondist, attacks the Anarchists, iv. 538. Execution of, 636
Khevenhüller, Austrian commander, retakes Linz, iv. 219
Khorasmins, the, i. 227. Take Jerusalem, and exterminate the Christians, 227
Khosrew, governor of Constantinople, dis- missed, v. 533
King, difference in the power of the, in Eng- land and in France, ii. 1. Weakness of the sovereign best remedied by classes and insti- tutions, 2
Kirgener, General, death of, v. 203 Kleber, General, commands veterans of May- ence, iv. 602. Gains battle of Torfou, 602. Superseded by the Convention, yet defeats and crushes the Vendeans at Chollet, 602. Left in command of army of Egypt, v. 66. Signs treaty of El Arisch, 93. The treaty broken, and fights battle of Heliopolis, 94. Assassinated by an Arab fanatic, 94 Kloster-Seven, capitulation of, iv. 270. Set aside, 272
Knighthood, religious and feudal ceremony of, i. 88. Dignity of, 264
Knollis, Sir Robert, dispatched by Edward III. on a marauding expedition into France, i. 523. Marauding expedition from Calais to Paris, 526. Pursues his way southwards, 526. Retires into Brittany for the winter, 527. Besieged in Brest by Bertrand du Guesclin, 534. Relieved by Lord Salisbury, 535. His treatment of the French hostages, 536
Knyvet, Sir Thomas, slain, ii. 441
Koch, Dutch banker, imprisoned and executed, iv. 640
Kollin, battle of, iv. 269
Konieh, battle of, v. 529
Konig, Pierre, the Flemish weaver, thrown into prison by the French. i. 324. Knighted on the field of Courtray, 326
Körner, the poet, death of, v. 209 Konigsberg, surrender of, v. 137 Konigstein, battle of, v. 210
Korsahoff, defeat of, at Zurich, v. 65 Kray, General, defeats Scherer at Magnano, v. 57. Gains battle of Cassano, 58. Supersedes Archduke Charles, 83. Defeated by Moreau at Moeskirch, 83. Defeated at Blenheim, 88 Kremlin, the, occupied by Napoleon, v. 188 Krudener, Madame de, her prayer-meetings, v. 267
Kunersdorf, battle of, iv. 280
Kutusoff, General, encounters the French at Olmutz, v. 123. Defeated at Austerlitz, 124, 125. Succeeds Barclay de Tolly in com- mand of Russian army, 186. Defeated at Borodino, 186, 187. Retreats on the Ka- louga, 189. Harasses the French retreat, 191. His conversation with Sir Robert Wil- son, 191. His reasons for not overwhelming the French, 191. His death, 200 Kyriel, Sir Thomas, sent with reinforcements to France, ii. 226. Taken prisoner at For- migny, 228
ABÉDOYÈRE, COLONEL, joins Napoleon, v. 244. Arrested, 262, 266. Executed, 267 Labourdonnais, governor of the Mauritius, iv. 241. Takes Madras from the English, 241. His imprisonment and death in France, 242 Lacave-Laplagne, M., resigns, v. 578 Lacretelle, expatriation of, v. 37 Lacretelle, royalist academician, loses his pension, v. 357
Lacroix, arrested, iv. 642. His trial and exe- cution, 643, 644
Lacrosse, M., encounters the Socialists, v. 642. Defended by M. Gent, 642
Ladislas, King of Naples, drives Pope John XXIII. from Rome, ii. 103 Lafayette, Marquis de la, joins the Americans in the civil war, iv. 356. Asks for a Na- tional Assembly, 389. Commands the Na-
tional Guard, 427. His efforts to enforce tranquillity, 433. Saves the Marquis de la Salle, 433. Disperses a deputation to Ver- sailles, 434. Arrests St. Hurugues, 434. Leads the march on Versailles, 437. Brings the royal family to Paris, 440. His resist- ance to the Anarchists, 441. Disperses a mob in the Champs de Mars, 463. Re- moved from command, 464. Denounced by Robespierre and the Jacobins, 483. Marches into Belgium, 484. His unsuccessful eam- paign and return, 484. Forwards a menacing letter to the Assembly, 489. Appears with peti tions before the Assembly, whom he addresses on the late insurrection, 495. Reproved by Guadet, 495. Proposes to have a review of the National Guards, 496. Visits the King and royal family, who receive him coldly, 49% Retires to the army, being unable to carry out his plans, 496. His scheme for carrying away the King, 497. Fails in his measures in Flanders, 499. Excites the indignation and alarm of the Assembly, 499. Accused
by the Jacobins, 503. Acquitted by the Assembly, 508. Compels his generals and army to repeat their oath of allegiance to the King, 532. His soldiers refusing, he flies to the Austrians for safety, 532. Re- leased from prison, v. 40. Defends the Chamber of Peers, 428. Saves Polignac ar other ministers from death, 430. For fur- ther history, see Fayette, La, General Laffite, M., elected a deputy, v. 283. Forms & provisional government, 397. Ready to a commodate with King's proposals, 405. Warns the Duke of Orleans to beware of St. Cloud, 407. Agrees to recognise the duke as king, 407. Sends vote of the chambes to the Duke of Orleans for his elevation, 41o Becomes minister of state, without office. 421. And president of the council, 424 Retains office, in spite of the conduct of Louis Philippe, 432. Dissolves artillery companies of the National Guards, 432. Ir- troduces a series of laws to the chamber 432. Fails in his measures, 433. Charged by Guizot with incapacity, 437. Seeks :
make up a ministry with the Left, 438. H's plans of finance rejected, 438. Suspen is payment, 438. Helped by the King, 48 Quits office, 439. His character and gover- ment, 439. Waits on Louis Philippe, 471 Lagny, taken from the English by the Royalis's ii. 186. Besieged and taken by the Prin of Parma, iii. 272, 273
Lagos, defeat of the French off, iv. 277 Lagrange, M., republican, resists the troops S. Bonaventure, v. 484. His violent con before his triers, 492. Pockets the abd tion paper of Louis Philippe, 594. Arrest
Lally Tollendal, his escape from the Abbaye, iv. 524
Lamarlière, execution of, iv. 636 Lamarque, General, denounces Perier and his measures, v. 449. Funeral of, 468. Pro- cession of Buonapartists at, 468, 469. Riots at, 469-471 Lamartine, M. de, his character of the Chamber of Deputies, v. 270. Proposal of admitting him to Mole's cabinet, 511. Defends Molé, but looked upon as an amateur, 513. Re- proaches M. Guizot's government, 552. Be- comes a member of the Provisional Govern- ment, 596. And minister for foreign affairs, 605. His retort to those demanding his head, 607. Opposes the Terrorists, 610. His noble opposition to the Terrorists meets a grateful reward, 611. Defeats the Socialist plot of Blanqui, 615. His attachment to Ledru Rollin leads to his being rejected as chief of the new republican government, 618. Forms one of the new ministry, 618. Warns his party on the exclusion of the Socialists, 619. Deprecates attempt to re- volutionise other nations, 620. His attempts to harangue the Socialist mob, but prevented, 621. Congratulates the Assembly on its deliverance, 622. At the head of Garde Mobile arrests the committee of government, 622. Sends them to Vincennes, 622. Seeks to exile Louis Napoleon, 623
Lamballe, Princess de, massacred, iv. 528. Her head presented to Marie Antoinette,
Lambesc, Prince of, charges the people in the Tuilleries gardens, iv. 423 Lamennais, condemnation of, v. 547 Lameths, secret councillors of the King, iv. 472
Lamoignon, becomes chancellor, iv. 387. Adopts the recommendations of Calonne, 389. His speech to the Parliament, 395. Fills his pockets when resigning, 403 La moricière, General, engaged in putting down insurrection of the ateliers, v. 627. Minister of war, 630. Attacked by the Moors, 560. Receives the submission of Abd-el-Kader, 562. Tries to pacify the people, but fails, 592. Risks his life, 593. Arrested, 661 Lamothe, Madame de, iv. 377. Becomes mis- ress of the Cardinal de Rohan, 377. Her
part in the story of the collier, or necklace, 377. Her punishment, 379. Escapes to England, 380
Lamourette, Bishop of Lyons, urges reconcili- ation of parties in the Assembly, iv. 500. His reconciling measure, denominated 'La- mourette's kiss,' 501
Land, law of the descent of, i. 265 Landau taken and retained by the French, iv.
Landais, minister to the Duke of Brittany, his hostility to the nobles of the province, ii. 362. His part taken by the Duke of Orleans, 362. Put to death, 363 Landed proprietors, increased taxation levied on, by Garnier Pagés, v. 611, 612 Landrecies besieged by the Anglo-Imperialists, ii. 557. Invested by Prince Eugène, iv. 114 Land-tenure, the northern system of, extended by Charles Martel, i. 15
Language of the Troubadours and its origin, i. 172. The French language in the eighteenth century, iv. 208
Languedoc, condition of the province in the thirteenth century, i. 172. How the clergy were regarded at that period, 173. Papal envoys sent into, to collect evidence of heresy, 175. Legacies to the Church refused in, 175. Tithes paid to lay chiefs in, 175. The papal crusade against the Albigenses pro- claimed, 177. The massacre at Beziers, 177. Capture of Toulouse, and transfer of the sovereignty to Simon de Montfort, 183. This Sovereignty confirmed by the Council of Lateran, 184. Refusal of the Languedocians to submit to him and the monks, 185. The standard of war raised by the deposed Count Raymond and his son, 185. Who recover Toulouse from De Montfort, 185. Termina- tion of the struggle, 186. Crusade of Louis VIII. for the subjugation of, 199. Reduction of Avignon, but Toulouse untouched, 199, 200.
The country virtually subdued, and the authority of the Pope established in, 200. Queen Blanche's mitigation of the severity of the government in, 242. Mode in which the province was annexed considered, 244. Lapses to the French crown, 279. Popu- larity of Philip the Fair, 338. Subsequent turbulence of some of the cities, 338. The powers of the crown usurped by the Estates in, 467. Placed under the government of the Duke of Anjou, 497. Rising of the Languedocians against the tyranny of the Duke of Anjou, 548. Causes of this, 548, 549. The Duke of Berry appointed to the government of, ii. 9. His march into, and defeat in, 10-12. His cruelties there, 12. Rise of the Languedocians against the Ar- magnacs, 86. Courage and capacity of the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XI.) in, 206.
« AnteriorContinuar » |