Inheritance, law of, in the thirteenth century, i. 265
Innocent II., Pope, crowns Louis VII. at Rheims, i. 128. His quarrel with Louis VII., 133. His unworthy manœuvre, 134. Con- demns Abelard and Arnold of Brescia to per- petual silence, 136
Innocent III., Pope, despatches envoys into Lauguedoc, to collect evidence of heresy, i. 175. Proclaims a crusade against the Albi- genses, 176. Summons the Fourth Council of Lateran, 184. And establishes the Inqui- sition, 184. Dethrones the Emperor Otho IV. and John of England, 187. Makes a present of England to Philip Augustus, 187. That country and its king, John, made over to the Pope, 188
Innocent IV., Pope, leaves Rome and takes re- fuge in France, i. 226. Excommunicates the Emperor Frederick, 228. Preaches a crusade against the Emperor Conrad IV., 239. Ad- vises St. Louis to invade England, and dis- possess Henry III., 229. Proclaims a crusade against the Emperor Conrad IV., 238 Innocent VIII., Pope, his interference in the affairs of Naples, ii. 380
Innocent XI., Pope, outraged by Louis XIV.,
iv. 28, 29. Refuses to receive the envoy from Louis XIV., 30. His reconciliation with Louis XIV., 58
Innocent XII., Pope, his advice as to the Spanish succession, iv. 77
Innocent XIII., Pope, gives a Cardinal's hat to Dubois, iv. 181
Inquisition, establishment of the, and its laws, canons, and directions, i. 212. The two chief inquisitors, Arnaud and Stephen, put to death by the Albigenses, 224 Conduct of the chief inquisitor, Foulques, 337. His quarrel with the King's seneschal, John of Picquigny, 337. Ordonnance of Philip the Fair against the Inquisitor, 337. Expulsion of, from France, ii. 247. Again introduced into France, 580. Insurrection of the Nea- politans against the, 598. Proposal of the Duke of Guise for its establishment in France, 619. Refusal of Parliament to regis- ter the decree, 619. But introduced, 631. Proposal of the Guises to establish it in full force, 641
Interim, the, accepted by the German Diet, ii. 604. Rejected in the north, 605
Invalides, Hôpital des, attacked by the mob, iv. 424. Napoleon's remains buried in, v. 522, 536
Investiture, right of, demanded of the Pope by Philip VI., i. 399
Ireland, missionaries from the Celtic Church of, to the Gallo-Franks and Germans, i. 17 Irish, the, at the battle of Crecy, i. 429 Irmensul, the idol of the Saxons, burnt by Charlemagne, i. 24
Iron Mask, Man with the, his supposed parent- age, iii. 615, note; iv. 32
Isabeau, daughter of the Emperor Maximilian II., married to Charles IX., iii. 111 Isabel of Aragon, Queen of Philip the Hardy, her death, i. 278. Her children by Philip the Hardy, 296
Isabel, Countess de la Marche, 'carried away from her husband by King John of England, i. 207. Returns to him with the county of Angoulême, 207
Isabella, Queen of Castile, her failing health, ii. 419. Her death, 422 Isabella II., Queen of Spain, v. 489. Intrigues to marry her to the Duke of Montpensier, 564. To Prince Leopold, 565. To son of Don Carlos, 566. To Count Trapani, 567. To Don Enrique, 568, 569
Isabella of Bavaria, married to Charles VI. of France, ii. 35. Returns with the King to Paris, 63. But withdraws on receipt of the news of the battle of Hasbain, 63. Arrange- ments with respect to her and to her son, 79. Her brother and connexions arrested by the Parisians, 96. Goes with the Dauphiness and the Armagnacs to the residence of the Dauphin, and takes away the companions of his pleasures, 102. Charged by the Con- stable Armagnac with dissoluteness, and imprisoned at Tours, 121. Gains her free- dom, and joins the Duke of Burgundy, 123. Their public entry into Paris, 126. Meets Henry V. of England at Meulant, 129. Breaking up of the conference, 130. Her alleged intimacy with the Duke of Orleans, 50. Carries off the King to Melun, 30. Denounces her son Charles for his murder of the Duke of Burgundy, 135 Isabella of Hainault, mother of Louis VIII, i. 194
Isabella, daughter of Edward III. of England, proposal to marry her to Louis II. of Flan ders, i. 433
Isabella, daughter of John II. of France, mar ried to the son of the Duke of Milan, i. 491 Isabella, daughter of Philip the Fair, married to Edward II. of England, i. 380. Roger Mortimer in France, and prepar expedition against her husband, 380. success, 381. Her imprisonment, 392 Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, the
1SN crown of France demanded for, iii. 263, 278. Acknowledged as Queen of France, 284. Proposal of the Duke of Mayenne to pro- claim her queen, 297
Isnard, becomes member of the Legislative Assembly, iv. 467. And president of the Convention, when he threatens the sections and communes, 581. His reply on the arrest of a sectional president, 582. Insulted by Chabot, 588. Imprisoned, 618. Trial and death, 620
Issoire, taken by the Duke d'Alençon iii. 185. Defeat of the Leaguers before, 266 Italy, condition of, at the time of Charlemagne's visit to Rome, i. 25. The government of, entrusted by Charlemagne to his son, Pepin, 31. Revolt of Bernard, King of Italy, against the Emperor, who causes his death, 39. The regal dignity, on the death of Charles the Fat, assumed by Berenger, 51.
power of the Emperor, Charles V., in, 519. Sultan Solyman's plan of operations for the subjugation of, 541. Effect of the successes of Charles V. in Germany in, 597. Invaded by the army of the Holy League, 622. French interference in, deprecated by Marie de Medicis, iii. 487. Regarded by Richelieu as the vulnerable point in the empire of the House of Austria, 488. Commencement of the War of the Spanish Succession in, iv. 83. Liberated by the King of Sardinia, 235. Evacuated by the French and Spaniards, 236. Invasions of, see Convention; Directory; Napoleon I., &c.
Ivan of Wales blockades Soubise by sea, i. 530 Ivrea, capture of, v. 84
Ivry, surrender of, to the Duke of Bedford, ii. 150. Battle of, iii. 264
Effects of the strife between Popes and JACKS
Cæsars, even at the present day, 129. In- ternecine strife in, in the Middle Ages, 172. Charles of Anjou the first French prince in Italy, 247. Condition of the peninsula in the thirteenth century, 253. The Italian republics taken under the protection of the Pope, 253. Sicily and Naples offered to, and accepted by Charles of Anjou, 255. Condi- tion of the country at the early part of the fourteenth century, 373. Relieved from papal influence during the residence of the Pope at Avignon, 398. Causes of the ad- mixture of French and Italian politics in the fourteenth century, 549. Domination of the civic classes at the close of the fourteenth century, ii. 12. Condition of, in the fifteenth century, 57. Authority of the papacy in Italy at the commencement of the fifteenth century, 69. Designs of Charles VIII., 372, 377.
State of the county at this time, 377. Rise and fall of the Republics, 378. Invasion of Italy by Charles VIII. of France, 381. Character of Italian troops, 385. Irritation of the people against the French, 386. League of the Italians against them, 387. Who retreat from Naples, and defeat the Venetians at Fornova, 387, 389. Evacuation of the French, 391. Projects for carrying on the French war in Italy, 392. Tendency and desire of the French to extend their empire over the Italians, 404. Alps crossed by Louis XII., 405. An end put to French domination in South Italy by the Spaniards, 418. The French driven out of the Milanese and Genoa, 439. Surrender of the remaining French strongholds, 440. Condition of the peninsula at the commence- ment of the sixteenth century, 445. Mili- tary events in, in 1523, 472. Evacuated by the French, 504. Establishment of the
ACKSON, General, warring with the banks, deprives the French of their Transatlantic market, v. 545
Jacobin Club, declares for the monarchy, iv. 461 Jacobins, Anti-, form a constitutional club in the Hôtel de Salm, v. 9. Its members, 9. See Convention; Gironde; Jacobins Jacobins, their reduced members, v. 10, 11. Massacred by the Anti-terrorists, 11. Con- spire against the Convention, 13. Conspira- tors dispersed, tried, and executed, 13. Convention; Directory; Gironde; Robes- pierre; Napoleon I. and III.; Louis XVIII.; Charles X.; Louis Philippe; Provisional Government.
Jacqueline, Countess of Holland, ii. 151 Jacqueminot, M., commander of National Guard, insists on occupation of Paris by the troops, v. 586. Fails in his measures to help the government, 587, 588 Jacquerie, rise and defeat of the, i. 477, 478. Its characteristics, 478 Jacques, St., battle of, ii. 220 Jacques de Bourbon, friendship of John II. for, i. 446. Becomes constable, 455. Com- mands an army in the south, 455. Allows the Black Prince to ravage the country, 455. Killed at Poitiers, 464
Jacques de Bourbon leads an army against the Tardvenus, i. 498. Defeated by them, and
killed at the battle of Brignais, 499 Jacques of Bourbon (son of the preceding),
placed in nominal command of an expedition against Peter the Cruel, i. 510 Jacqueville, appointed captain of the Paris butchers, ii. 93. Forces his way into the palace, and insults the Dauphin, 94. Arrests Duke Louis of Bavaria and the ladies of honour at the palace, 96. Breaks into the palace, and quarrels with George de la Tremouille, 99. Stabbed by the Dauphin, 99
Jaffa, Saladin defeated by Richard I. at, i. 160 Jägerndorf, battle of, iv. 270 James I., King of England, his accession to the throne of England, iii. 368. Mission from France to him, 368. Concludes a treaty of marriage between his son and Henrietta Maria of France, 451. His tortu- ous policy, 452. And its consequences, 453 James II., King of England, assistance ren- dered by Louis XIV. to, iv. 37, 38. Endea- vours of Louis XIV. to replace him on the throne of England, 42
James I., King of Aragon, agrees with St. Louis as to their respective boundaries, i. 247 James, King of Sicily, i. 300. Becomes king of Aragon, and abandons the Sicilians, 301 James Fitzjames, Prince of Wales and Duke of Berwick, recognised by Louis XIV. as King of England, iv. 83. Defeats Lord Galway at Almanza, 98. Accepts the com- mand of the army against Spain, 154. Takes Passages, 155. Takes Fontarabia, 155. Com- pels the dismissal of Alveroni, 155. Leads a French army over the Rhine against the Emperor, 203. Killed at Philipsburg, 205 James the Pretender, his preparations for war with England, iv. 144. Stopped by the Regent Orleans, 145. Defeated at Sheriff- muir, and returns to France, 145. Exiled from France, 148
Jametz, besieged by the Duke of Guise, iii. 214. And by the Duke of Lorraine, 220 Jane of Flanders, Countess of Montfort, her brave defence of Hennebout, i. 413. Goes to England, and returns with an army under Robert of Artois, 415 Jansenists, the, iv. 5. Jansenism forbidden by Louis XIV., 69. Compared with the Molin- ists, 124. Persecution of the, 124. Crushed by the sovereign power, 125. Agitation of the Jansenists, and miracles at the tomb of the Deacon Paris, 200. Difficulties between the Jansenists of Paris and the clergy, 257. Their quarrel with the Jesuits, 298, 299 January, edict of, iii. 49
Jargeau, retirement of the English from Or-
leans, ii. 167. Taken from them by Jeanne d'Arc, 167, 168. Affair of the bridge of, iii.
Jarnac, Guy Chabot, Sieur de, ii. 595. His duel with Chataignerai, 595
Jarnac, battle of, iii. 102
Jaubert, Count, his conduct at trial of conspi- rators of April, v. 493. Takes office with M. Thiers, 525
Jaucourt, M., escapes from the Abbaye, iv. 524 Jay, Le, judge, becomes a partisan of the Prince of Condé, iii. 407
Jean d'Angely, St., town of, besieged and taken by John II., i. 448. Surrenders to the French, 530. Besieged by the Duke of
Anjou, iii. 107. Given up to the Duke d'Alençon, 170. Plot for depriving De Rohan of the government of, 396. Capitu- lates to Louis XIII., 431
Jean de Vienne, governor of Calais, his defence of the town, i. 432. Surrenders, 435, 436 Jeanne d'Albret, daughter of Margaret of Navarre, proposal to marry her to Philip II. of Spain, ii. 547. Betrothed to the Duke of Cleves, 553. Educated in the Reformed doctrines, 643. Married to Antoine, Duke of Vendôme, 643, 644; iii. 10. Her cha- racter, 10. Brings a force with her son Henry to the Huguenots in La Rochelle, 101. Presents Henry to the people there, 102. Goes to court, 116. Her negotiations there, 127. Her death, 127
Jeanne, heiress of Navarre, married to Philip the Fair, i. 290
Jeanne of Navarre, Queen of France, with- draws to Burgundy, i. 469. Surrenders Melun to the King of Navarre, her brother, 485 Jeanne d'Arc, appearance of, ii. 161. Effect of Merlin's prophecy upon her imagination, 161. Her visit to the King at Chinon, 162, 163. Her sign, 163. Her divine mission recognised by the King, 163. Harassed with questions by the doctors at Poitiers, 164. Conducts a convoy into Orleans, 164. And sends a letter to the English commandant, summoning him to raise the siege, 164. Her supernatural character believed by the be siegers as well as besieged, 165. Takes the fort of St. Loup from the English, 166. Storms the intrenchments, and causes the Earl of Suffolk to raise the siege, 166. Drives out the English from Jargeau, and takes Suffolk prisoner, 167, 168. Marches with the Duke of Alençon to clear the English from the Loire, 168. Defeats them at the battle of Patay, 168. Conducts the King trium- phantly to Rheims, 169, 170. Failure of her attack on Paris, 171, 172. Lays down her arms, and declares her mission ended, 173. Persuaded to accompany the King in his retreat behind the Seine, 173. Joins the Royalists at Compiègne, 174. Taken prisoner in a sortie there, 174. Brought to the quar- ters of John of Luxemburg, 174. And sent to Rouen for trial, 175. Treachery of her accusers, 176. Articles of accusation brought against her, 177. Her illness, 177. Her contrition and recantation, 178. Her relapse, 179. Her execution, 180. Authorities as to her treatment while in prison, 181, note. Review of her career, and events under which she appeared, 182
Jeanne, daughter of Baldwin IX. of Flanders, married to Ferdinand of Portugal, i. 187. Has the government during the imprison- ment of her husband, 191. Her husband
released by Queen Blanche, 207. Leaves the duchies to her sister Margaret, 231. Jeanne, Duchess of Burgundy, her death from plague, i. 440
Jeanne d'Evreux, married to her cousin, Charles IV. of France, i. 378
Jeanne of Franche Comté, married to Philip (afterwards Philip the Long), i. 353. Charged with falsehood to her marriage vows, but ac- quitted, 353
Jeanne, daughter of Louis X., arrangement made respecting her claim to the throne, i. 368, 369
Jeanne, daughter of Louis XI. of France, married to Louis, Duke of Orleans (after- wards Louis XII.), ii. 351. Her endeavours to obtain the liberation of her husband, 372. Divorced from Louis XII., 396. Created Duchess of Berry, 396
Jeanne, daughter of the Count of Toulouse, her death, i. 279
Jeanne, daughter of Charles of Valois, married to Count Robert of Artois, i. 433. Who is found guilty of forgery, and escapes to Eng-
Jerusalem, pilgrimages to, in the middle ages,
i. 85. Effect of the news of the destruction of the Holy Sepulchre on the production of the Crusaders, 85. Siege and capture of, by the Crusaders, 111. Taken from the Chris- tian princes by Saladin, 155. King Baldwin afflicted with leprosy, 155. The Templars and Hospitallers put to death, 155. The King liberated by Saladin, 159. Recovered from the Infidels by Frederick II., 217. Retaken by the infidel Khorasmins, 226, 227 Jesuits, foundation of the Society of the, ii. 580. Ejected from Paris, iii. 313. Re-established by Henry IV., 358, 359, 361. Not admitted into Holland, 371. Banished from Venice, 376. Jesuitism forbidden by Louis XIV., iv. 69. Uphold the ideas of the Molinists, 124. Become persecutors, 124. Crushed by the King, 125. The Jesuits as preceptors in the eighteenth century, 294. Their quarrel with the Jansenists, 298, 299. Their greed and immorality, 299, 300. Help to drag down the Church, 300. Expelled from Por- tugal by Pombal, 301. And banished from France, 302. Denounced by M. Montlosier, v. 348, 353. Their seminary made subject to the University, 370
Jeunesse dorée, proceedings of the, iv. 665 Jews, the, maltreated, i. 86. Banished from
France by Philip Augustus, 152. Murdered by him, 160. Who recalls them from banish-
ment, 161. Persecuted by Edward I. of England and Philip III. of France, 296. Withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the In- quisition by Philip the Fair, 337. Permitted by Louis X. to reside in certain cities, 367. Murdered by the second Pastoureaux, 373. And upon charges brought against them by the Lepers, 374. Sack of the Jews' quarter in Paris, ii. 9. Vindictiveness of the Maillotins against them, 23
Joachim-Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, his claim to the duchy of Clèves, iii. 374
Joan of Castille, her husband's neglect of her, ii. 419
Joanna, Queen of Navarre, her death from plague, i. 440. Her daughter married to Philip VI. of France, 440
Joinville, Prince de, reduces the castle of St. Jean d'Ulloa, v. 511. Sails from St. Helena with the remains of Napoleon, 536. His return from Algeria, 550. His character, 563. Expressing his fears, ordered to the Mediterranean, 574. His letter on the aspect of affairs, 574, et seq. His opinion as to the Spanish marriages, 575. Repeal of the law of exile of, 650. His candidature for the presidentship contemplated, 650
John I., King of France, his death a few days after his birth, i. 369
John II. the Good, King of France, marries the daughter of the King of Bohemia, i. 395. When Duke of Normandy, joins Charles of Blois against John de Montfort, 412. pels Edward III. of England to retire to Vannes, 416. Sent by his father with an army against Lord Derby, 422. Recovers Angoulême, and besieges Aiguillon, 422. His agreement with the people of Normandy for the invasion of England, 424. Raises the siege of Aiguillon, and goes to Paris, 432. His son Charles appointed Dauphin, 440. Death of his duchess from the plague, 440. Marries a duchess of Burgundy, 441. cends the throne at the death of his father, 441. Enjoined by his father on his death- bed to defend his right against the King of England, 441. Extent and condition of France at this period, 442. His policy with regard to the nobility, 444. His affection for his councillors and lieutenants, 446. Puts the Count d'Eu to death, and confers the office of constable upon Charles of Spain, 447. His coronation at Rheims, 447. progress south, 447. Grants franchises and immunities to all towns requiring them, 447, 448. His manipulation of the coin, and its consequences, 448. Recommencement of the war with the English, 448. Besieges and takes St. Jean d'Angely, 448. Defeat of his troops by the English, 448. Murder of his friend, Charles of Spain, constable of the
kingdom, by Charles the Bad, of Navarre, 453. John urges the Counts of Foix and Comminges to invade Navarre, 453. Great preparations of Edward III. for the invasion of France, 453. Charles of Navarre joins the English, but is induced to proceed to Paris and become reconciled to the King, 454. Ra- vages of the English in the north and south, 455. John summons the Estates of the Langue d'Oil, and obtains an aide, 455. Resistance of the commons to his fiscal measures, 456. A property or income tax voted, 456. Surprises the King of Navarre and his friends at a banquet, and beheads them, 457-459. Pursues Henry of Lancas- ter to Cherbourg, 459. Advances to meet the Black Prince, 460. Whom he outmarches and intercepts, 461. Defeated and taken prisoner at the battle of Poitiers, 463. Sum fixed for his ransom, 469. Brought to Eng- land by the Black Prince, 470. His entry into London, and residence at Windsor, 470. Cancels thence the acts of the Estates, 470. Sends terms to Paris, where they are rejected by the Estates, 486, 487. Conclusion of the peace of Bretigny, 490. Price of the marriage of his daughter Isabella with the son of Ga- leaz Visconti, 491. His liberation, 491. His dominions ravaged by the Free Companies, 498, 499. Instals himself Duke of Burgundy and gives the dukedom to his son Philip, 500. Difficulties of the remaining years of his reign, 501. Visits the Pope at Avignon, 501. Assumes the Cross there, 501. Pre- parations of Charles of Navarre for war, 501. Visit of John to the English court, 502. His illness, and death, 502
John, King of England, when prince, a marriage negotiated for, and an appanage in Anjou given to, by his father, i. 146. Cursed by his dying father, 157. Rebels against his absent brother, Richard, 160. Gives up Evreux and its French garrison to his enraged bro- ther, 160. Death of his brother Richard, and his accession to the throne, 162. His treatment of his old ally, Philip Augustus, 163. Who embraces the claim of Arthur to Brittany, Maine, and Anjou, 163. His war with Philip, 163. Agreement of the two monarchs, 163. War between them recom- menced, 164. John carries off the wife of the Count de la Marche, 164. Takes Arthur, Duke of Britanny, prisoner, 164. And mur- ders him at Rouen, 164. Loses Normandy, 165. Raises fleets and armies for the de- fence of his provinces, 165. Quarrels with the Pope, 166. Lands in France, and gains some successes, 166. Concludes a two years' truce with Philip Augustus, 166. Excom- municated, and his kingdom made a present to Philip Augustus by the Pope, 187. As-
sembles an army upon Barham Downs, 187. Makes over himself and his realm as liege to the Pope, 188. Supports the Emperor Otho IV., 189. Lands with a force at La Rochelle, and is opposed by Prince Louis, 189. Concludes a truce with Philip Augustus, 191. His kingdom offered by his barons to Prince Louis of France, and accepted, 192. Louis lands in England, 192. John's death,
John d'Albret, King of Navarre, dispossessed by Ferdinand V., ii. 437. Negotiations re- specting him, 467. Taken prisoner at Pavia, 485. Support of Francis Î. withdrawn from him, 491
John VI., King of Portugal, his death, v. 349 John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, his daughter married to John, son of Philip VL of France, i. 395. Assumes the Cross, 395. Killed at the battle of Crecy, 429. His crest and plumes worn ever afterwards by the Prince of Wales, 429
John of Luxembourg, besieges Compiègne, ii. 172. Repulsed there by Jeanne d'Arc, 174. Who is taken prisoner, and brought to his quarters, 174. Sent to Rouen, 175
John, the Dauphin, son of Charles VI., married to Jacqueline of Holland, ii. 118, 151. His death, 120
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, his efforts to acquire a kingdon in Spain, ii. 10. Meets the Duke of Berry at Calais, to arrange peace, 34
John Francis II., Marquis of Mantua, leads a French army towards Naples, ii. 417 John, younger brother of Louis IX., betrothed to Yolande of Brittany, i. 206. But dies before the marriage, 208
John of Artois, killed at Poitiers, i. 464 John, Archduke of Austria, commands the
Austrian army, v. 89. Defeated at Hohen- linden, 89. Defeats Prince Eugène upon the Tagliamento, 162. Defeated by Eugene at Raab, 165
John of Beauvais, defeats Roger Trencavel, i 220
John, Duke of Bedford, sent by his brother, Henry V. of England, to relieve Harfleur, i 120. Defeats the French and Castilian flect, 120. Sent to the assistance of the Duke of Burgundy, 139. Drives back Charles the Dauphin, 139. Concludes alliances with the Dukes of Burgundy and Brittany, 147. Se- cures the Burgundian frontier, 149. Turns his attention to the borders of Normandy and Anjou, 149. Defeats the French and Scotch at Verneuil, 150. Difficulties created by his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, 151. | 155. Compels the Duke of Brittany to su for peace, and sign the treaty of Troyes, 154 In England in 1426 and 1427, 155. Returns
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