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siege of Calais, 433. Bureau's improvements
in, ii. 200

Canterbury, treaty of, ii. 468

Canute the Dane, in England, i. 88. Expedition
of Robert the Devil against, 88

Capelle, fortress of, captured by the Spaniards,
iii. 513

Capeluche, the executioner, one of the leaders
of a riot of the Parisians, ii. 126. Put to
death by the Duke of Burgundy, 126
Capet, origin of the name of, i. 61. Establish-
ment of the House of, 69. Political condition
of the early Capets, 74. Difference between
the Angevin and Capetian monarchs, and
their policy, 150, 151
Capital, investments for, at the beginning of
the eighteenth century, iv. 157
Capitation tax introduced by Pontchartrain, iv.
56. Repealed, 470

Capponi, Niccolò, the Florentine, and Charles
VIII., ii. 383. Proclaimed gonfalonière of
Florence, 499

Capua stormed by the French, ii. 411
Caraffa, Cardinal, sent on a mission to Henry
II. of France, ii. 621. Induces the French
court to break the truce of Vaucelles, 621
Carbonari, secret society of the, v. 308, 309.
Their proceedings in France, 314, et seq.
Carcassonne, town of, besieged by the crusaders

against the Albigenses, i. 178. Taken and
plundered, 179. Relieved by Amaury de
Montfort, 197. Claimed by Roger Trencavel,
220. Severity of Philip the Fair to the town
of, 338. Pillaged by the Black Prince, 455.
Protestants put to death by the Catholics at,
iii. 47

Cardona, Spanish general, taken at Cerisolles,
ii. 561

Carignan besieged by the Imperialists, ii. 560
Carinthia, government of, given by Louis the
Debonnaire to his younger son Louis, i. 38
Carlier, prefect of police, proposes a coup d'état,
v. 655. Succeeded by Maupas, 656
Carloman, son of Charles Martel, refuses the
crown, and retires to a cloister, i. 19
Carloman, son of Pepin the Bref, his share of
his father's dominions, i. 22. Refusal of his
Burgundian barons to assist the Austrasians
in crushing the South, 22. Efforts of his
mother Bertha to keep peace between him
and his brother Charles (Charlemagne), 23.
His death, 24. His widow and children cap-
tured at Verona by Charlemagne, 25
Carlos, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain, proposal
to marry him to the Princess Elizabeth of
England, ii. 616

Carlos, Don, son of Elizabeth Farnese, his
mother's plans for him, iv. 150, 190. Tus-
cany and Parma given to him, 155, 191.
Betrothed to a daughter of the Duke of
Orleans, 183. Marries her, 183. Assent of

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CAS

Refused an

the Emperor obtained, 193.
archduchess for his wife, 199. Goes to Italy
to take possession of his dominions, 205.
Marches south, and conquers Naples, 205.
And Sicily, 205. Secured by the peace of
Vienna, 206. Forced to neutrality by a
British fleet, 228. Becomes king of Spain,
282. See Charles III., King of Spain

Carlos, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII. of
Spain, set aside by the will of the King, v.
489. Disputes the succession, 489. Sur-
render of, 500. His intrigues when set at
liberty, 500. Army sent against, 501. His
army being dispersed, he is expelled from
Spain, 519. Keeps court at Navarre, 519.
His son proposed for a husband for Queen
Isabella, 566

Carlovingians, reign of the, i. 15, et seq. The
last of the, 69, 72, 78
Carlowitz, peace of, iv. 81

Carmagnola, taken by the Duke of Savoy, iii.

225

Carmes, massacre of priests in the, iv. 525
Carnatic, war in the, iv. 259

Carnot, General, nominated member for Public
Safety, iv. 612. His military plans, 615,
616. Gains the battle of Wattignies, 617.
Succeeds in recapturing Toulon, 624. His
account of Robespierre, 630. Threatened by
St. Just, 651. One of the five directors,
chosen in place of Sièyes, v. 6. Discovers plot
of Babœuf and the Jacobins, 12. Recom-
mends invasion of Piedmont, 16. Concludes
treaty of peace with Piedmont, 20. Supports
views of Buonaparte, 34. Opposes the theo-
philanthropy of Reveillère, 35. Sentenced
to deportation, 37. Superseded in his office,
38. On Napoleon's return appointed home
minister, 245. His honest character, 259.
Becomes minister of public instruction in
Second Republic, 605, 618, 630. Resigns,
630. Replaced by Vaulabelle, 630
Caron, Colonel, executed for conspiracy, v. 315
Carrickfergus, descent of the French near, iv.
277

Carrière, returned member of the Convention,
iv. 535. His atrocities at Nantes, 623. In-
vents the Noyades, 623. Executed, 666
Carteau, General, being sent against Lyons,
isolates the surrounding towns, iv. 597.
Forces his way into Marseilles, 597
Cartouche, the robber, iv. 171
Casale besieged by Spinola, iii. 476, 480. Siege
raised, 481. Relieved by Count Harcourt,
517. Purchased from the Duke of Mantua
by France, iv. 24, 32. Restored to Savoy,

59

Casimir, Prince, son of the Count Palatine,
joins Condé, iii. 97

Cassano, battle of, v. 58

Cassel, town of, taken by Philip Augustus, and

CAS

retaken by the Flemings, i. 188. Taken by
Count Robert of Artois, 314. Defeat of the
Flemings by Philip VI. at, 391. Taken by
the English crusaders under the Bishop of
Norwich, ii. 32. Captured by Ferdinand of
Brunswick, iv. 287

Castanos, General, defeats Dupont at Baylen,

v. 155

Caste, horror of the Greeks of, i. 34

Castelnau, Baron, leads the Huguenots, iii. 19.
Besieged in the castle of Noisay, 20. Sur-
renders, and thrown into prison, 20. Put to
the torture, 21. Executed, 22
Castelnau, Peter of, the papal envoy, killed,
i. 176

Castelnaudari pillaged by the Black Prince,
i. 455

Castelnaudary, battle of, iii. 509

Castel Rodrigo, Marquis of, negotiates the
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, iii. 667
Castiglione, battle of, v. 22

Castile, joins France in blockading the English
in Harfleur, ii. 120. Defeat of their fleet
there, 120

Castillon, besieged by the English, who are de-
feated, and their commander, Talbot, killed,
ii. 230, 231

Castlereagh, Lord, sent on an embassy of peace
to France, v. 216. Swayed by successes of
Lord Wellington, insists on France confining
herself to limits of 1790, 219. Reinforces
Blücher, and continues offensive operations
against Buonaparte, 223. Insists on frontier
of 1790, 223. Prevents spoliation of the
Louvre, 261

Castles, great numbers of, built, i. 82. The
castles round Paris reduced by Louis the
Fat, 115. Regulations of Philip the Long
as to the, 376. The fortified castles of
the noblesse dismantled by Richelieu, iii.
471, note

Castries, Marquis de, attacked by the Prince of
Brunswick at Closter-Camp, iv. 280. Ap-
pointed minister of marine, 358, 365
Catalonia, insurrection of 1640 in, iii. 518.
Handed over to France, 519. A French
general viceroy of, 519. Successes of the
French in, 570. Reduced by Lord Peter-
borough, and occupied by the Archduke
Charles, iv. 93. Failure of the Duke of
Orleans to take it, 99

Cateau Cambresis, conferences of, ii. 633.
Peace of, 635

Catelet, town of, taken by the Imperialists, ii.

626

Catelet, Le, fortress of, captured by the Span-
iards, iii. 513. And by Turenne, 602
Cathelineau, the waggoner, iv. 572. Commands
the Vendean army, 600. Captures Nantes
and is killed, 600

Catherine of Aragon, married to Henry VIII.

CAT

of England, ii. 442. Favours an alliance
between England and the Emperor, 468.
Divorced from Henry, 522

Catherine of Medicis, ii. 526. Proposal to
marry her to the Duke of Orleans, 526.
Conclusion of the marriage, 528. Appointed
regent by her husband, 608. Her character,
iii. 7. Her personal appearance, 8. Leans
to Protestantism, 9. Her importance at
court, 9. Her answer to the Huguenots, 14,
15. At the execution of heretics, 22. Death
of her son, Francis II., 32. Accession of her
son, Charles IX., 33. Assumes supreme
power, 33. Reconciled to the King of Na-
varre, 33. Her endeavours to lull discontent,
33. Her foreign policy, 33. Her conciliation
of Elizabeth of England, 34. Her financial
difficulties, 39. Summons the provincial
estates, 39. Conciliates the King of Navarre
and the Constable, 40. Steers between the
Catholics and Protestants, 40, 41. Failure
of the Colloquy of Poissy, 44, 45. Her aims
set aside by her requirement of money, 45.
Her concessions to Rome, 46. Her dismay
at the conflicts between the Catholics and
Protestants, 48. Enmity of the Constable
and Condé, 50. Catherine falls back upon
Coligny and D'Andelot, 51. Seized by the
triumvirate, and forcibly removed, with the
King, to the Louvre, 56. Opens negotiations
with the Prince of Condé, 57. Which result
in nothing, 63. Forced to accompany the
army operating against the Catholics, 67.
Saves Bourges from pillage, 67. Arranges
the treaty of Amboise, 74, 75.
tween France and England, 81.
King to be declared of age, 84.
cil, 84. Proceeds with the court to Cham-
pagne, 85. Her motives for favouring the
Catholics and intimidating the Protestants,
86. Meets the Queen of Spain and the Duke
of Alva at Bayonne, 87. Plots to circumvent
and arrest Condé, 92. Applies to Alva for
assistance against the Huguenots, 94, 97.
Sends an army under the Constable against
the Huguenots, 95. Their successes, 96, 97.
Her negotiations with Condé, 97. Obtains
succours from the Duke of Saxony, 98. Con-
cludes the treaty of Longjumeau, 99.
perplexity at the perseverance of the Protes
tant faction, 108. Opens negotiations with
the Huguenots, 109. Her vacillating policy,
109. Opposes the marriage of her son, An-
jou, with Queen Elizabeth, 113. Her eager
ness for war in Flanders, 118. Her arrange-
ments for the campaign, 118. Quarrel be-
tween her and Coligny, 118, 119. Lends
money to aid the invasion of Flanders, 119.
Considered by Montpensier to be alone re-
sponsible for the policy of the time, 120, note.
Her religion, 122. Her greed of power, 123.

Treaty be
Causes the
Her coun-

Her

CAT

Her policy, 124. Her opposition to a war
with Spain, 124. Becomes hostile to Coligny,
125. Dissuades the King from the war with
Spain, 131, 132. Persuades her son to give
the order for the massacre on the eve of St.
Bartholomew, 138. Acknowledges her com-
plicity in the attempted assassination of
Coligny, 138. Gives the signal for the
massacre herself, 140. Witnesses the mur-
ders, 143. Her conversation with Sir F.
Walsingham, 151. Plot of her son, the
Duke d'Alençon, against her, 156. Summons
an assembly of notables at St. Germain's,
156. Her scheme for securing La Rochelle
discovered, 157. Discovery of her son's plot,
157. Causes his arrest, 158. Becomes re-
gent on the death of Charles IX., 160, 161.
Her vigorous policy, 161. Concludes a two
months' truce with the Huguenots, 161. Her
cruelty, 162. Her plot to arrest Damville,
164. Her advice to her son, Henry, 164.
Her endeavours to win back her son Alençon
to loyalty, 169. Her boasted policy, 174.
Result of this, 175-179. Presses for war
against the Huguenots, 183. Her religious
indifference, 190. Sends Marshal Strozzi to
Portugal, 195. Her negotiations with the
chiefs of the League, 204. Meets Henry of
Navarre at Cognac, 208. Her jealousy of
the influence of the Duke of Epernon, 214.
Carried over the barricades to negotiate with
the Duke of Guise, 219. Her illness, 231.
And death, 232. Her life and character, 233
Catherine II., Empress of Russia, her accession,

iv. 286. Her part in the partition of Poland,
316. Her league of armed neutrality, v. 93
Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. of France,
promised in marriage to Henry V. of Eng-
land, ii. 109. Amount of her proposed dowry,
110. Sees Henry V. for the first time at
Meulan, 129. Married to him, 136
Catherine, sister of Henry IV. of France, pro-
ject to marry her to the Count of Soissons,
iii. 276

Catholics, the League of, called the 'Triumvi-
rate,' iii. 40. Riots against the Huguenots,
40, 41. Estates of Paris clamorous against
them also, 42. Colloquy of Poissy, 44.
Collisions between Catholics and Protestants,
47. Riot of St. Médard, 49. Edict of Janu-
ary promulgated, 49, 50. Civil war between
Catholics and Protestants, 56, 57. Causes
of Huguenot success at first, and of Catholic
resuscitation, 59, 60. The Catholic colours,
63, note. Progress of the civil war, 64-75.
Impossibility of accord between the creeds,
77. The Cardinal of Lorraine's views of
reforming the Roman Church, 79. Non-
execution by the Catholics of the treaty of
Amboise, 83. Their victory at Jarnac, 104.
Fail to take Cognac, 104. Defeat the Hugue-

CAU

Massacre of

nots at Moncontour, 105–107.
St. Bartholomew's eve, 121, 140. Endeavours
of Rome to bring back Charles IX. to the
terms of the Catholic League, 127. For-
mation of the party called the 'Politiques,'
161. Discontent of the Catholics with Henry
III., 167. Formation of the League, 175.
Conclusion of the peace of Bergerac, 188.
Resuscitation of the League, 200. And re-
newal of civil war, 202. Battle of Coutras,
210. Alliance between the Huguenots and
Royalists against the League, 244. Battle
of Arques, 257. And of Ivry, 264-266.
Edict of Tours issued, 277. Recantation of
Henry IV., 300. Rally of the chief leaguers,
with the exception of Mayenne, to Henry
IV., 307. Termination of the contest be-
tween the Catholics and Protestants, 371.
View of the whole struggle, 372. Fear and
anger of the ultra-Catholics at Henry IV.'s
league against Spain, 378. The line of de-
marcation between the two religions pushed
northwards by Louis XIV., iv. 64. Reaction
of the educated classes against the Roman
Catholics, 289, 290. Catholic sacerdotalism
struck by Napoleon, v. 91. See also Church
of Rome; Napoleon I.

Catinat, Marshal, cruelties of the French under
his orders to the Waldenses, iv. 39. Captures
Nice and occupies the coast of Piedmont, 41.
Driven beyond the Alps, 42. Defeats the
Piedmontese at Marsaglia, 47, 48. Associated
in command with the Duke of Savoy, 83.
Baffled by Prince Eugène, 84. Replaced by
Villeroy, 84

Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, claims Jeanne
d'Arc for trial, ii. 175. Presides at the
trial, 177. Shrinks from putting her to
death, 178

Caudebec surrendered to the French, ii. 226
Caulaincourt, Grand Chamberlain, accompanies
Napoleon on his return to Paris, v. 195.
Sent as peace ambassador to Alexander, 202.
Succeeds in gaining an armistice, 204. Pro-
poses treaty at Prague with Metternich, but
his offers refused, 205. Sent to meet the
Allies at Chatillon with renewed offers, 219.
Again meets the Allies on negotiations for
peace, 220. Sent to Paris to negotiate, 229,
230. Returns with proposals for complete
abdication, 232. Signs the treaty of Paris,
and thus consummates the abdication of
Buonaparte, 232. Appointed foreign minis-
ter, 245

Caussidière forms a regiment of reckless cha-
racters, v. 607. Becomes minister of police,
618. Takes part with the Socialist insurrec-
tion, 620

Caux, De, minister of war, v. 366. Remark-
able conversation as to the allegiance of the
army, 379

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Cavagnes, sent by the Huguenots from La | Cerignola, battle of, ii. 413
Rochelle to the court, iii. 115. His trial Cerisolles, battle of, ii. 560
and execution, 150
Cavaignac, General, prosecuted by Périer, v.
444. Trial of, 492. Recovers his freedom,
493. Amnestied and returns to France, 521.
Becomes minister of war, 621. Seeks to
exile Louis Napoleon,_623. Champion of
the Assembly, 624. Exerts his authority,
624. His republican principles, 624. Com-
mands the troops against the insurrection of
the workmen, 624. His measures for putting
it down, and their complete success, 624-
630. Invested with dictatorial power, 627.
President of the executive government, 630.
Chooses a new government, 630. His diffi-
culty with regard to the prisoners of the
insurrection, 632. Refuses to arrest the
Louis
journalists, except Girardin, 632.
Napoleon elected president instead of him,
635. Sends an army to Rome, 639, 640.
Quells the Socialist insurrection of June 13,
1849, 644. Louis Napoleon's endeavours to
crush both him and his party, 644. His star
declines in the army, 644. Arrested, 661
Cavalry, formation of, by Charles Martel, i. 16
Caylus, Madame du, becomes mistress of Louis
XVIII., v. 298. And confidential adviser of
the King, 337. Forces upon the dying king
the appointment of a minister of ecclesias-
tical affairs, 339. Rouses the King by her
blandishments to receive last rites of the
Church, 338. Burns the testamentary
papers of the old King, 338. Pensioned by
Charles X., 338

Cernolles, the archpriest, leads the vanguard
at the battle of Brignais, i. 499. Wounded
and taken prisoner, 499. Marches to the
Rhine, but returns home to pillage, 509
Cerrachi, conspirator, arrested and executed,
v. 98, 99

Ceuillote, the, of the Flemish towns, ii. 283
Cevennes, reduction of the Protestants of the,
iii. 482. Rising of the Huguenots in the,
iv. 87. The chiefs of the Protestants bought
off, 94. The Protestants massacred by the
Royalists, v. 264

Cazotte, Mademoiselle, saves her father, but
only to send him to the guillotine, iv. 527
Cé, Pont du, fortress of, given to Queen Marie
de Medicis, iii. 423

Cecil, Lord Burleigh, joins the Duke d'Alen-
çon's plot against the Queen Mother, iii. 156
Cecil, Sir Robert, sent on a mission to Henry
IV., iii. 344

Celestin III., Pope, forbids Philip Augustus to
marry Mary of Meran, i. 161. Excommuni-
cates Philip, 161

Cellamare, Prince, envoy from Spain to France,
iv. 138. His conspiracy against the Duke
of Orleans, 153, 154. Discovered and ar-
rested, 154

Cens, or Rent, serfage abolished on payment of,
i. 494, 496, note
Centralisation, commencement of the French

system of administrative and judicial, i. 170.
Rapid establishment of, in France, 440.
Retrograde movement from absolutism to
federalism, 496. Louis XI.'s views and in-
tentions as to, ii. 343

Centre, a party in Chamber of Deputies, v. 283
Cerdagne acquired by Louis XI., ii. 259.
Ceded to Ferdinand V. of Spain, 376

Ceva, surrendered, v. 19
Ceylon, the French in, iv. 27
Chabannes, falls at Pavia, ii. 485.
Chabot, Francis, denounces the new constitu-
tion, iv. 607. Tried and executed, 642-644
Chabrol, Count de, forms a new administra-
tion, v. 366. Becomes minister of finance,
381. His resignation, 386

Chagau of the Hans, killed by Eric, Duke of
Aquileia, i. 28

Chaise, Père la, confessor to Louis XIV., iv.
67. His view of the proper mode of life for
the King, 67. His influence over Louis XIV.,
123.

His death, 123

Chalais, Count de, heads a conspiracy to mur-
der Cardinal Richelieu, iii. 465. Arrested
and executed, 466

Châlier, chief of the Jacobins, heads insurree-
tion at Lyons, for which he is tried and ex-
ecuted, iv. 196

Chalons, the famous tournament at, i. 298.
Cruelties inflicted on the Huguenots in, iii.

64

Chalotais, La, procureur-general of Brittany,
iv. 309. Arrested, 310. But set at liberty,
312

Chamber of Deputies. See Deputies
Chambery held by Francis I., ii. 542
Chambre, Ardente, the, ii. 642, 645. Esta-
blished, 158

Dis-

Chamillard, Michael, appointed minister of
finance, iv. 84. His financial measures,
85. His taxes in 1706, 97, 98. His diffi-
culties, 99. Succeeded by Desmarets, 99
Champ-Aubert, battle of, v. 220
Champagne, aversion of the people of, to both
the French and German races, i. 55.
putes Swiss Burgundy with the Emperor
Conrad II., 90. The Champaigners defeated
by Geoffrey Martel, 91. Condition of the
country of, in the thirteenth century, 206.
Insulted by Philip, Count of Boulogne, and
joins the League of the barons, 206. The
tax levied by Philip of Valois on the fairs
of, 418. The estates summoned by Charles
the regent, 476. The country pillaged by
mercenary free corps, 486. Muster of the

CHA

Tardvenus in, 498. Ravaged by Sir R.
Knollis, 526. Condition of, under Charles
VII., ii. 175. Invaded by Charles VII. of
France, 211. Given by Louis XI. to his
brother Charles, 292. Advance of Coligny
into, iii. 109. Poverty of the gentry of, in
1591, 283, note. The government given to
the Prince of Conti, 598

Championnet, General, defeats General Mack,
v. 54. Dismissed by the Directory, 56
Champs de Mars, and Champs de Mai, of the
Franks, i. 24, note

Chandos, Sir John, at the battle of Poitiers, i.
463. Allowed by the Black Prince to go to
the aid of De Montfort, 506. Gains the
battle of Auray, 507. Ransom paid to him
for the liberation of Bertrand du Guesclin,
510. Refuses to join a crusade against
Peter the Cruel, of Castile, 510. His escape
at the battle of Navarrete, 513. Again takes
Du Guesclin prisoner, 514. Killed in a
skirmish, 525

Changarnier, General, suppresses the insurrec-
tion of June 13, v. 643. Appointed to watch
over the republic by the Assembly, 649.
Anticipates the re-establishment of the em-
pire, 650. President determines to dismiss
him, 650, 652. Plot to assassinate him, 651.
Guarantees to the Assembly that the consti-
tution shall triumph over the president, 653.
Arrested by the president, 661

Chantelauze, draws up the ordonnances, v.
391. Arrested and tried, 422, 429. Con-
demned, 430

Chantilly, estate of, willed to Duc d'Aumale, v.
435

Chantocé, town of, captured by the Royalists,
ii. 289

Chantoceaux besieged and taken by Charles of
Blois, i. 412

Chapelle, La, executed for duelling, iii. 471
Charenton attacked by the Prince of Condé,
iii. 592

Charette, leader of the Vendeans, iv. 572. Be-
sieges Nantes, 600. Raises the royalist
standard in La Vendée, but unsuccessful,
and executed at Nantes, v. 14, 15
Charité, La, taken by Charles the Dauphin, ii.
139. Taken by the Huguenots, iii. 108.
Given up to the Duke d'Alençon, 170. Who
subsequently besieges it, 185

Charlemagne conducts the Pope, Stephen II.,
into France, i. 21. His share of the empire
at the death of his father, Pepin, 22. His
defeat of Hunald, Duke of Aquitaine, 22.
Repairs the castle of Fronsac, 23. Efforts
of his mother to keep peace between him
and his brother Carloman, 23. Marries the
daughter of Desiderius, King of the Lom-
bards, 23. Death of his brother Carloman,
24. Becomes in consequence sole monarch,

CHA

24. Sends his wife back to her friends, 24.
Embassy from the Pope, who is besieged in
Rome, 24. Charlemagne's first expedition
against the Saxons, 24. Takes Æresburg,
and burns the idol Irmensul, 24. Marches
into Italy against Desiderius, 24. Takes
Verona, and lays siege to Pavia, 24, 25.
Visits Rome, 25. Confirms Pepin's donation
of the exarchate to the Pope, 25. Takes
Pavia and throws Desiderius into captivity,
25. His policy in the organisation of em-
pire, 26. His dukes and missi, 26. His
revenues, and how they were collected, 26.
His expedition against the Pagan Saxons,
who received baptism at Paderborn, 27.
His expedition beyond the Pyrenees, and
defeat at Roncevaux, 27. His execution of
5,000 Saxons, 27. His complete overthrow
of them as a nation, 27. His conquest of the
Huns, 28. His second visit to Rome, where
he is crowned emperor by the pope, 28, 29.
His life and sports, 29. Nature of his rule,
29. His judicial arrangements, 29. His
struggle with the Paganism of the East and the
Mohammedanism of the South, 30. Entrusts
his outlying provinces to counts or dukes,
31. His mode of warfare, 30, 31.
testamentary division of his dominions to
his three sons, 32. Death of his sons Pepin
and Charles, 32. Places the imperial crown
on the head of his surviving son Louis, 32.
His death and character, 32. Similarity
between Clovis and Charlemagne,
Weight of his crown, iv. 219, note
Charleroi, taken by Louis XIV., iii. 662. Re-
duced by the French, iv. 234. Besieged by
Jourdan, 661.

His

44.

Charles V., Emperor of Germany (see also
Charles of Luxemburg), his first minister,
De Chièvres, i. 451. Betrothed to Renée,
daughter of Louis XII., 442, 451. Ascends
the throne of Spain, 461. Meets Francis I.
at Noyou, 462. His competition with Fran-
cis for the succession to the empire, 463.
His character, 463. Elected emperor, 466.
Disturbed state of Spain and Germany, 467.
Charles concludes a treaty with Henry VIII. at
Canterbury, 468. Promised aid by the Pope,
470. Entices Wolsey to Bruges, and gains
over England against France, 471, 472.
war with France, 472. Invades France, 472.
Gives the command of his armies in Italy to
Prosper Colonna, 479. Capture of his enemy
Francis, 485. Charles's demands, 488. Re-
fused by Francis, 489. Who is removed to
Madrid, 489. Conclusion of the treaty of
Madrid, 490. And liberation of Francis,
491. Who refuses to perform the conditions
of the treaty, or surrender Burgundy, ii. 492.
Formation of a league against Charles, 492.
His coolness to Henry VIII., 492. Who with-

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