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Foundation of the French monarchy, 44. In-
cursions of the Normans on the west coast,
45. And inland, 46. Civil war in conse-
quence of the cowardice and incapacity of
Charles the Bald, 46. Division of the South
of France amongst a princely aristocracy, who
hold their possessions as allodial property,
48. Advance of the Norman invaders from
the Scheldt and from Belgium, 49. Murder
of the Norman chieftains by Charles the Fat,
and the consequent disturbances, 49, 50.
Election of Eudes, Count of Paris, as king,
51. Accession of Charles the Simple, 52.
Lorraine conquered by the German Emperor
Otho, 57. Expulsion of the Carlovingians,
and coronation of HUGH CAPET, 69. Insig-
nificance of early France, and of its kings,
70. Compared with Germany in the eleventh
century, 71. Slow establishment of the
feudal system, 73. Great period of castle
and church building, 82. New ideas and new
movements of the reign of Robert II., 82.
Attempt of the towns to obtain freedom and
independence, 83, 84. Grievances of the
episcopal towns, 84. The country put under
a papal interdict, 98. Delay in introducing
free institutions into the duchy of France,
123. Internal peace during the first two
centuries of the reign of the Capets, 128.
Compared and contrasted with the empire
and with England, 129, 130. Institutions
which sprung up in France in the twelfth
century, 131. That country the asylum of
education at this period, 134. Condition of
the aristocracy of France under Louis VII.,
145. Placed under an interdict by Celestine
III, 161, 163. Condition of the kingdom
under Philip Augustus, 167. Commence-
ment of the French system of administrative
and judicial centralisation, 170, 171. The
supremacy of the crown under Philip Augus-
tus, 171. The system of French monarchy
at this period, 171. The Albigenses and the
princes and populations of the South of
France crushed by the battle of Muret, 183.
Power of France in 1236, 216, 217. Im-
poverished by Rome, 229. State of the king-
dom during St. Louis's absence in the East,
238, 241. Rise and dispersion of the Pas-
toreaux, 239. The first French acquisition
in Italy, 247. The Pyrenees settled to be
the boundary between France and Spain,
247.

The monarchy centralised and abso-
lute under Louis the Saint, 269, 270. Na-
tional animosities between English and
French in the thirteenth century, 298. Con-
dition of the kingdom at the accession of
Philip the Fair, 298. Causes of centuries
of resuscitated despotism in France, 305.
Debt of France to the Popes, 311, 312. The
kingdom placed under an interdict by Boni-

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face VIII., 313. Development of the mon-
archy in 1299, 316, 316. The absolute
power in France during the reign of Philip
the Fair, 356. The first state loan in France,
367. Anarchy in the kingdom in the reign
of Louis X., 367. Establishment of the Salic
law, 370. Relations between France and
England during the reign of Edward II.,
380. Causes of the war between Philip VI.
and Edward III. of England, i. 382, 389.
Military condition of the two countries at
this period, 385, 386. The liberties of the
towns trodden down in the thirteenth century,
386. Causes of this, 387. War between
England and France, 400. The throne of
France claimed by Edward III., 402. Who
invades the kingdom, 404. Consequences of
the Salic law to France, 407, 408. The first
naval battle between France and England
409. The kingdom again invaded by Ed-
ward III., 409. The great disaster of Crecy,
428. Loss of Calais, 436. Sufferings of
France from brigands and pestilence, 437,
438. Rapid establishment of central author.
ity and absolute sovereignty by the French
monarchs, 442. Franchises and immunities
granted by John II. to the towns, 448. Com-
mercial derangements and difficulties caused
by the tamperings with the coin, 448.
ceptional position of princes of the blood in
France, 449. Defeat and capture of the
King of France at the battle of Poitiers,
463. Disastrous state of the country in con-
sequence, 465, et seq. Ravages of the mer-
cenaries round Paris, 472. Democratic ten-
dencies of the Parisians and other townsfolk,
475. Horrors of the Jacquerie, 477, 478.
Revolution in favour of the Regent in Paris,
and suppression of the democrats, 481, 482.
Origin of the republican spirit of the towns
in the fourteenth century, 483, 484. Recur-
rence of similar positions and events in
French history, 484. Peace concluded be-
tween the Kings of France and England for
the first time, as feudal equals, at Bretigny,
490.

Ex-

Condition of France at this period,
491. Causes of French inferiority, 493.
Gradual rise of the lower classes, 494. Abo-
lition of serfage, 494. Necessary decentral-
isation at this time, 496. Ravages of free-
booters, 498, 508. Efforts of the Pope and
Emperor to liberate France from their rava-
ges, 509. Causes of the admixture of French
and Italian politics, 549. Difference of
kingly power in England and in France, ii.
1. Antagonism of classes in France at the
close of the fourteenth century, 3. Syncope
of government at this period, 10. Anarchy
into which the country had fallen at the com-
mencement of the fifteenth century, 66.
Condition of the French church and clergy

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at this time, 69. Consolidation of the inde-
pendence of the Church of France, 76. Com-
mencement of the civil war between the Or-
leans party and that of Burgundy, 82. Ra-
vages of the former, 89. Invasion of Henry
V., 111. Battle of Agincourt, 112-114.
Ravages of the English round Paris, 135.
Henry V. made regent and heir of the king-
dom, 136. The reduction of the north com-
pleted by Henry, 139. State of France
during the reign of Charles VII., 140. The
fiefs of France distributed by Henry V.
among his followers, 146. Consternation of
Charles VII. and his court at the siege of
Orleans, 159. Jeanne d'Arc, 161-181. Cir-
cumstances of the times in which she lived,
182. The new spirit which saved France
from the English, 183. Result of the En-
glish victories in France, 196. Removal of
the court and residence to the Loire, and ces-
sation of enmity to England, 187. Condi-
tion of the kingdom from the battle of Ver-
neuil to the siege of Orleans, 198, 199. The
foundations laid in France for the represen-
tative system, 199. Dearth of great men
in the time of Charles VII., 200. Selfish
and mercenary character of his aristocracy,
201. The political destiny of France, En-
gland, and Germany contrasted, 215. Rela-
tions between France and Germany in the
middle of the fifteenth century, 216. Re-
covery of Normandy and Gascony from the
English, 226-231. Review of the reign of
Charles VII., 245-249. Louis XI. recovers
the towns lost by the treaty of Arras, 264.
Results of the war of the 'Public Good,'
275. The last great attempt of England to
crush France by invasion, 313, 314. Extent
of the kingdom of France at the end of the
reign of Louis XI., 343-349.
Public men

of the time, 350. Difference between the
French and English three estates, 356.
Landing of Henry VII. of England in France,
375.

Condition of France at the commence-
ment of the sixteenth century, 400, 401, 443.
And of the army at this time, 409, 418, 443.
Effects of France being compelled to military
defence, and the maintenance of a regular
army, 443. Failure of French aims notwith-
standing, 445. Monarchic power in the
kingdom at the accession of Francis I., 448.
Decline of the learned professions at this
time, 460. Invasion of the kingdom by three
armies at once, 478. Spread of the doctrines
of the Reformers, 514. Invasion of the north
by the Imperialists, 540. Establishment of
the Inquisition, 631, 641. Progress of the
Reformation in the sixteenth century, 636.
Condition of the country at the close of the
reign of Henry III., iii. 244. Results to
France of the civil and religious wars of the

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sixteenth century, 303. Separation of the
nation into two classes and two religions,
304. Condition of the kingdom in 1596, 324.
Result of a century's struggle between France
and Spain, 345. Character of the reign of
Henry IV., 381. Condition of the kingdo
in the middle of the seventeenth century, 521.
Review of the reign of Louis XIII., 546-
553. Anarchy and agitation of the kingdom
in the middle of the seventeenth century.
612. Condition of France at the end of the
Fronde, 631. And in 1654, 635. Dissolne
ness of the age of Louis XIV., 651. Condi-
tion of France in 1679, 704. Splendour and
genius of the court contrasted with the
misery and ignorance of the provinces, it
2. Licentiousness of the King and nobles.
3. Poverty and famine of the country is
1693, 1694, 48, 49. France compared with
England at this period, 49. Boundaries de
termined by the peace of Ryswick, 63. Es-
haustion of the kingdom at the commen
ment of the eighteenth century, 85. The
severe winter of 1709, 101. Outbreak of a
epidemic, 110. Conclusion of the peace
Utrecht, 116. And of Radstadt, 119. Stace
of France at this period, 121. Review of the
reign of Louis XIV., 132-135. Fatal effec
of despotism, 140. Change in foreign poly
142. Stationary policy, 142. Conclusion
a new Triple Alliance, 148. The finances &
this time, 156. National bankruptcy pr
posed, 156. Spoliation of the national er-
tors, 159. Law's schemes, 162, et seq. Effec
of his schemes upon the general condition
the kingdom, 179. Joins England and Prassi
against Spain and Austria, iv. 193.
rection against Paris, Duvernay's income tat
194. Alliance of France and Spain, 20
Literature and fashion in the time of Less
XIV. and XV., 208. Rise of colonial rita
between France, and England, 211. State
the country during the administration of Cas
dinal Fleury, 223, 224. War declared agains
England, 226. Economical state of Fra
in 1748, 248. Enters into an alliance w
Austria, 262. Enormous cost on the part
France in the Seven Years' War, 282. Co
clusion of peace, 288. Anti-religious
anti-monarchical tendencies of the age, 20
292. Condition of the kingdom in 176
320. The Abbé Terrai's taxation, 327. T
dency to turbulence and insurrection mar
fested throughout the kingdom during
last ten years of the reign of Louis XV.,
Corn riots in 1764, 330. Condition of
French people in 1774, 335. Their servit
336. Their fiscal burdens, 338. Bands
robbers along the Seine, 346. Alliance
tween France and the United States, 3
And consequent war with England, 3

Insur

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Provincial assemblies recommended by Tur-
got and Necker, 362. Commercial treaty
with England, 381. Severe winter of 1788-9,
404. Commencement of the revolution of
1789, 412. Riots in the provinces, 420, 430.
Distress in Paris, v. 579. See Revolution;
Convention; Directory; Napoleon I.; Louis
XVIII.; Charles X.; Louis Philippe; Pro-
visional Government; Napoleon III.
Francfief, i. 265. Abolished, 265.
Franche Comté, menaced by Philip the Fair, i.

310. Who procures one of the princesses of,
in marriage with his second son, 310. French
suzerainty established over, 315. Conduct
of Jeanne, heiress of, 353. Secured to the
French crown, 360. Given by Philip V. to
Eudes IV. of Burgundy, 370. Reverts to
the Dowager Duchess of Flanders, 500.
Throws off the French yoke, ii. 338.
Brought in dowry to the Dauphin, after-
wards Charles VIII., 341. Restored, 375.
Proposal to give it to the Duke of Orleans,
547. Occupied by the partisans of Henry
IV., iii. 314. Entered by the King, 315.
Its independence protected by the Swiss, 315.
Claims of the Prince of Orange upon, 328.
Ceded to the Archduke Albert, iii. 345.
Attempt of the Prince of Condé to conquer
it, 513. Conquered by Louis XIV., 666.
Evacuated by the French, 667. Definitively
taken by the French, 688.

Franchet, of the Congregation, secret adviser of
Charles X., v. 372

Franchise, Electoral, measures of, submitted to
the chambers, v. 286

Francis I., Emperor of Germany (see also Fran-
cis, Duke of Lorraine), elected and crowned
at Frankfort, iv. 234. Acknowledged by the
peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 246

Francis I., King of France, when Count d'An-
goulême, affianced to Claude, daughter of
Louis XII., ii. 421. Condition of France at
his accession, 443, 447. His absolute power,
449. His first acts, 449. His policy, 450.
Formation of a league against him, 451.
His minister, De Boissy, 450. Concludes a
treaty with Charles of Luxemburg, and with
Henry VIII. of England, 451. Musters an
army for the invasion of Italy, 452. Passes
the Alps to the conquest of Milan, 453.
Endeavours to purchase the neutrality of the
Swiss, 453. Whom he defeats at the battle
of Marignano, 454, 455. Knighted on the
field by Bayard, 455. Concludes an alliance
with the Medici, 456. And with Pope Leo
X., 456. Concordat between him and the
Pope, 458. Meets Charles I. of Spain at
Noyon, 462. And concludes a treaty with
him, 462. And with Henry VIII., 462. His
competition with Charles I. of Spain for the
the succession to the empire, 462, 463.

De-

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His

feated in the contest, 466. Meets Henry
VIII. at the field of the Cloth of Gold, 469.
Promised aid by the Pope, 470. Accident to
him at Romorantin, 470. Sends an army to
recover Navarre for D'Albret, 470. Defeat
of his army at Logrono, 471. Betrayed by
Wolsey, 471, 472. Prepares for war with
Charles V., 472. Reverses of his troops in
Italy, 473, 474. Disgraces their commander,
Lautrec, 474. Puts the treasurer, Semblan-
çay, to death, 475. Rebellion of the Constable
Bourbon, 475, 476. War declared by Henry
VIII. against France, 477. Francis's tactics,
477. Sends an army under Bonnivet into
Italy, 478. Orders the arrest of the Constable
Bourbon, who escapes to Italy, 478.
mistress, Diana of Poitiers, 478. Reverses
of his army in Italy, 480. Leads another
army into Italy, 482. Takes Milan, and lays
siege to Pavia, 482. At the battle of Pavia,
484. Where he is taken prisoner, 485. Re-
moved to the fortress of Pizzighetone, 486.
Activity of his mother for his liberation, 486.
Demands of Henry VIII. and the Emperor
Charles V., 488. Francis's proposals for
regaining his freedom, 488. Carried to
Barcelona, and thence to Madrid, 489. His
illness there, 489. Refuses to give Burgundy
to the Emperor, 489. Prepares an act of
abdication in favour of his son, 490. Signs
the treaty of Madrid with tacit reserve, 490.
Betrothed to Eleonora, sister of the Emperor,
491. His liberation, 491. His two sous
exchanged for him, 491. Refuses to perform
the conditions of the treaty, 492. His
mistresses, the Duchesses of Chateaubriand
and Etampes, 495, 507. Gives himself up
to pleasure, 495, 507. Sends the Marquis of
Saluzzo with a small force to Italy, 495. Ill-
success of his allies there, 496. An alliance
between England and France concluded, 494,
499. Francis obtains money for a war with
the Emperor, 500. Challenged by the Empe-
ror, 501. Despatches Lautrec with an army
into Italy, 501. The siege of Naples, 503.
Francis estranges Andrew Doria, 503. Who
contributes to the ruin of the French army
before Naples, 504. Its capitulation, and
evacuation of Italy, 504. Francis's dis-
graceful peace with the Emperor, 506. His
licentiousness and taste for the arts, 507, 508.
Bond of affection between him and his mother
and sister, 508. Founds a trilinguist college,
513. Two parties in his family, court, and
council, 516. His tastes and predilections,
517. Establishes the College de France, 518.
Marries Eleonora, sister of Charles V., 520.
His policy and aims compared with those
of Charles V., 520, 521. His relations with
Sultan Solyman, 524. His treaty with
Henry VIII. at Boulogne, 525. Sends envoys

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for the purpose of winning Pope Clement,
525, 526. Whom he meets at Marseilles,
526. The Pope's promises to him, 526.
Affords Charles V. causes of complaint, 527.
Sends an agent to the Duke of Milan, 527.
Concludes the marriage of his son Henry
with Catherine of Medicis, 528. Death of
his mother, 528. Takes the part of Duke
Ulrich, of Wurtemburg, who is reinstated,
529. Raises an army, 529, 530. Abandons
his projected invasion of Italy, 530. Hugue-
not placard affixed to the door of his cham-
ber, 531. His severities in consequence,
531. Proposals of Charles V. to Francis, 532.
Who formally demands of the Emperor Mi-
lan, Genoa, and Asti, 533, 536. Resolves to
occupy Savoy, 533. Sends Du Bellay on a
mission to the German Protestants, 535. His
negotiations with the Emperor, 536. Sends
his army into Piedmont, and occupies Turin,
536. The Emperor's outburst against him,
536. Francis's breaches of his engagements,
538. Disbands his troops, and recalls De
Brion, 538. Places the Marquis of Saluzzo in
command, 538. And is betrayed by him, 538.
Provence invaded by the Emperor, 539. The
North of France invaded by the Imperialists,
540. Death of the Dauphin, 541. Francis's
arrangements with the Sultan Solyman, 541.
Concludes a truce for ten years with Charles
V., 542. Meets Charles V. at Aigues Mortes,
543. Their proposals, 544. Charles offers
the Dauphin the Low Countries instead of
Milan, 547. Which Francis declines, 548.
His difficulties, 549. Disgraces Montmo-
rency and Chabot, 549. Changes his minis-
ters, 549, 550. Appoints a council of finance,
550. Nature of his government at this period,
551. His envoys to Turkey murdered in Italy,
552. Commences war with the Emperor, 553.
Fails at Luxemburg and in Roussillon, 554,
555. His clemency to the Rochellois, 556. Al-
liance of the Emperor and Charles V. against
him, 556. His town of Landrecies besieged by
Charles, 557. Combines with the Turks, and
burns Nice, 557, 558. Assigns Toulon for
winter quarters for the Turks, 558. Horror
created in Europe at Francis's policy, 558. De-
feats the Imperialists at Cerisolles, 560, 561.
Surrounded with enemies, 562. Boulogne
taken by Henry VIII., 562. Advance of
Charles V. towards Paris, 563. Treaty be-
tween Francis and Charles, 564. Feud
amongst Francis's family in consequence,
565. The King's sinking health, 565. Sends
the Dauphin to retake Boulogne, 565. Naval
encounter between his fleet and the English,
566, 567. Goes himself to the siege of Bou-
logne, 568. Loses his youngest son, 568. Dis-
gusted with Charles V., 568, 569. Makes
peace with Henry VIII., 567. Amount of his

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revenue, 572. Principles and tendencies of
his government, 574. Declares war against
the Emperor, 580. Suspends persecution
against the Vaudois, 583. But orders the
massacre of Merindol and Cabrièras, 584.
His last illness and death, 587, 588. His
policy and character, 588-591. Comparison
between his views of the Reformation and
those of Henry VIII., iii. 4

Francis II., King of France, when Dauphin be
trothed to Mary, Queen of Scotland, ii. 602,
604. Married to her, 631, 643. Sets up t
arms of England, 634. Death of his father.
648. His accession to the throne, iii. 1. E-
trusts the Guises with all power and influence
7. His stringent measures against the H-
guenots, 16. His ill-health, 17. Conspiracy
of La Renaudie, 18, 19. The King present
at the execution of heretics, 22. Demand of
Coligny for the dismissal of the King's
guard, 27. Orders the arrest of the Pris
of Condé, 31. His death, 32
Francis, Emperor of Austria, proposes armistis
to Napoleon, v. 167. See Assembly; Car
vention; Directory; Napoleon I.

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Francis II., Duke of Brittany, joins the leagu
formed against Louis XI., ii. 266. When
brother, Charles, Francis succeeds in
veigling, 268. His acquisitions from t
war of the Public Good,' 275. His ang
276, 277. Accompanies Charles, Duke of
Normandy, to his new duchy, 276. But not
allowed to enter Rouen, 277. Relapses in
hostilities with Louis XI. of France, 285.
The Admiral Bourbon sent against him, 285.
Compelled to submit to the royal forces, 20
Abets the scheme of marrying Mary of B
gundy with the Duke of Guyenne, 297. Es
upstart minister, Landais, 362. His aid
the Duke of Orleans, 363. Landais hang
363. Besieged in Nantes by La Tremoalle
367. Offers the hand of his daughter, Anne
to the Count d'Albret and Maximilian
Austria, 367. His troops defeated at
battle of St. Aubin, 368. Concludes th
treaty of Sablé, 369. His death, 369
Francis, the Dauphin (son of Francis L.) e
changed for his father, Francis I.. by

Spaniards, ii. 491. His liberation, 506, 5.
His death, 541

Francis, Duke of Guise, son of Duke Ch.
(see also Aumale, Duke of), surnamed
Balafré, ii. 593. His influence over Her
593. Provides Metz with the means
defence against the Imperialists, 611. F
gallant defence of the town, 612. The se
raised by the Emperor, 613. His treatme
of the wounded of his enemy, 613.
the skirmish of Renti, 616. Quarrels
De Coligny, 616. Proposes to establish
Inquisition in France, 619. Advises th

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rupture of the truce of Vaucelles, 621.
Crosses the Alps with the army of the Holy
League, 622. Marches to the conquest of
Naples, 622. Recalled to France, 624, 627.
Appointed lieutenant-general of the king-
dom, 627. Takes Calais from the English,
628, 629. His reception in Paris, 631.
Takes the King to Thionville, and forms the
siege of the place, 632. Establishes the In-
quisition in France, 641. His character and
personal appearance, iii. 6. Entrusted with
the command of the army, 7. Declared
lieutenant-general of the kingdom, 21. And
grants an amnesty to the Huguenot insur-
gents, 21. His revenge, 21. Sends an army
into Scotland, 24. Which is overcome by
Queen Elizabeth, 24. Edict of Romorantin,
25. Assembly of Fontainebleau, 26. Guise's
opposition to Coligny, 28. Death of Francis
II., and overthrow of Guise's power, 33. His
dismissal from court demanded by the King
of Navarre, 40. League between him, the
Constable, and St. André, 40. His policy
and hypocrisy, 51, 52. His massacre of the
Huguenots of Vassy, 53, 54. Marches, not-
withstanding the King's order, towards Paris,
54. Endeavours to raise forces for the de-
fence of Paris against the triumvirate, 54. To
whom he is compelled to abandon the capital,
55. Gains the battle of Dreux, 71, 72. En-
trusted with full power, 72. Besieges Orleans,
72. Assassinated, 73. His character, 74.
Francis, Duke of Lorraine, his marriage with
Maria Theresa, of Austria, iv. 202. Accepts
the duchy of Tuscany in lieu of Lorraine,
206. The empire claimed for him by his
wife on the death of her father, 213. League
between France, Prussia, and Bavaria against
him, 216. Relieves Prague, 219. Elected
emperor, 234. See Francis I., Emperor
Francis of Sickinghen, invades the lands of the
Lord of Sedan, ii. 472

Francis, St., his mission addressed to the hum-
ble and poor, i. 203
Franciscan Friars, reason for the establishment
of the, i. 185. Threatened in France, 374.
Fall into a scrape, ii. 530, note
Franconia, French system of rapine in, iv. 34
Frankfort, treaties of, ii. 369; iv. 229. Captured
by Custine, 563

Franks, peculiar organisation and Teutonic
character of the, i. 3. Defeat of the German
Franks by Clovis, 4. Their settlement on
the lands and in the towns from the time of
Clothaire, 7. The German Franks led by
Clothaire against the Saxons and are beaten,
7. Change in the condition of the Franks
from the time of Clovis to the time of Charles
Martel, 15. Rise of the Austrasian aristo-
cracy or chivalry, 15. Aquitaine and the
South brought under the domination of the

FRE

Franks, 16, 17. Missionaries from the Celtic
Church of Ireland to them, 17. Missionaries
from the Anglo-Saxons, 17. Their Champs
de Mars and de Mai, 24, note. Nature of the
rule of Charlemagne, 29

Fredegonde, wife of Chilperic, King of Neus-
tria, supports the Austrasian grandees in
their turbulence, i. 10. Causes the assassin-
ation of King Sigebert, 10
Frederick I., Barbarossa, Emperor of Germany,
his defeat and ruin, i. 144. Leads the Third
Crusade, 158. His death in the Cydnus, 158
Frederick II., Emperor of Germany, his rivalry
with Otho IV., i. 188. Who is defeated at
Bovines, 190. His recovery of Jerusalem
from the Sultan of Egypt, 217. The Pope's
endeavour to excite the French princes against
him during his absence in the East, 217, 218.
His law as to the right of private war, 225.
Compels Innocent IV. to take refuge in
France, 226. Excommunicated by the Pope,
228. The imperial fief of Provence wrested
from him, 230. His death, 238. Decrees
the succession of Hainault, 246

Frederick IV., Emperor of Germany, applies to
Charles VII. of France for forces against the
Swiss, ii. 219. Proposals of Duke Charles
of Burgundy to the Emperor, 304. Meets
the duke at Treves, 305. And abruptly
quits the meeting, 306

Frederick V., Elector Palatine, elected king of
Bohemia, iii. 426. Proposal of France to him
to resign his claim to Bohemia, 427. Left
exposed to Austria and Bavaria, 427, 428.
Driven out of his dominions by Spinola, 433
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg,
bought off by France, iii. 663. But subse-
quently gives up French partisanship, 664.
Roused to a sense of danger from France, 676,
682. Marches towards the Rhine, but com-
pelled to return, 684, 685. Makes peace with
France, 686. But breaks it again, 687. De-
feats the Swedes at Fehrbelin, 692. Compelled
by France to disgorge his Swedish conquests,
704. Joins the League of Augsburg, iv. 28
Frederick I., first King of Prussia, iv. 81.
Gueldres ceded to him, 116. Signs the peace
of Utrecht, 116. His death, 212
Frederick II., the Great, King of Prussia,
succeeds to the throne, iv. 212. His rise,
214. Invades Silesia, 215. His pleas for
this aggression, 215. His victory at Mohl-
witz, 216. His desire to maintain the power
of Austria, 216. His treaty with France
and Bavaria, 216, 217. Takes Glatz, 218.
Besieged by English envoys, 220. His pre-
liminary secret agreement, 220. Breaks
through his agreement and invades Moravia,
220. Induces the Saxons to join him, 220.
Reduces Brünn and blockades Olmütz, 220,
221. Defeats the Austrians at Czaslau, 221.

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