Corday, Charlotte, assassinates Marat, iv. 608. Executed, 609
Cordeliers, their monster meetings in the Champs de Mars, iv. 462
Cordeliers' Club insist on the destruction of the enemies of the people, iv. 640. See Conven- tion; Mountain; Robespierre Cordova, Gonsalvo di, seizes the Spanish por- tion of conquered Naples, ii. 412. Drives the French out of Naples, 413, 414. Takes the constable Daubigny prisoner, 414. De- feats the French at Cerignola, 415. Again defeats the French, and drives them out of South Italy, 418
Cormenin, M., attacks Louis Philippe on ac- count of his avarice, v. 463. Publishes the 'Compte rendu,' v. 467
Corn, legislation respecting, and its con- sequences, iv. 329. The edict for the free circulation of corn renewed by Turgot, 346 Cornut, admiral of the Provençal fleet, defeated and killed by Roger de Loria, i. 292 Cornwallis, Lord, his surrender at Yorktown, iv. 359
Coronation oath of Philip I., i. 92
Corporations of trades, formation of the, i. 268,
Corsica acquired by the French, iv. 264, 317, 318 Cortez, the Spanish, flee at approach of the French, v. 328
Corvée, severity with which it was enforced, iv. 339. Abolished, 349
Corvetto, M., finance minister, superseded by Count Roy, v. 294 Corunna, battle of, v. 157
Cosmo de Medici, Duke of Tuscany, promises to aid France in the invasion of Flanders, iii. 118. Which he fails to do, 118. Sends money to the Duke of Alva, 127 Cossacks, barbarities of the, v. 194. Drive Jerome from his capital, 211 Coss Brissac, Maréchal, hangs Coqueville, iii. 100. Despatched on a mission to the Hu- guenots in La Rochelle, iii. 114. Lends money to aid in the invasion of Flanders, 119. His disgust with the cruelty and treachery of the court, 156. Favours the designs of the King of Navarre and the Duke d'Alençon, 156. Arrested, 158. Kept in prison by Catherine de Medicis, 162. Liberated, 170. Appointed governor of Paris, 307, 309. Goes over to Henry IV., 310 Cossiers, captain of the guards, betrays Coligny, iii. 141. Killed before La Rochelle, 153 Cotentin, towns of the, taken by Edward III., i. 423. Retained by Charles the Bad of Navarre, 508. Submission of the towns of, to Henry V. of England, ii. 122. The towns of the, reduced by Montgomery, iii. 158 Cottereaux, or Mercenaries, of the twelfth century, i. 155
| Coucy, Baron de, succours the Laonnois, i. 123 Coucy, Baron de, joins a crusade against the Turks, ii. 45. Taken prisoner and dies in captivity, 46
Coucy, Sire de, at the investiture of the Count of Poitou, i. 221
Coucy, Enguerrand de, hangs three Flemings, i. 250. St. Louis's judgment on, 250, 251 Coudray, Du, member of the Anti-Jacu Club, v. 9
Council, General, meeting of the fifteenth, at Vienne, i. 349
Council of the Gallican Church summoned at Tours, ii. 431
Council, Great, regulations of Philip the Long as to the, i. 376
Council, Small, or Privy Council, regulations of Philip the Long as to the, i. 376 Council, Royal, first introduction of a, in Fate, ii. 246. Discussion in the Estates of Teurs as to the composition of the, 361
Council of State, formation of the, of Lu's
XIII., iii. 418. Its character at the present day, 419
Counties, question of hereditary right in, i. 4s Coup d'état on the Assembly, v. 35, et suj Louis Napoleon's coup d'état, 655
Cour, Haute, established by the Legislativ Assembly, iv. 478
Courcy, Robert de, captured by the French Brenneville, i. 119
Court, Antoine, the Huguenot, revives the spirit of his church, iv. 255
Court, Royal, of the duchy of France, powerf the, i. 131
Courtais, General, parleys with Socialist rain, and so loses the opportunity of putting down Socialist insurrection, v. 621. Betrays Chambers, who tear off his épaulettes, 62 Courtenay, Count of Edessa, his city sur d and the inhabitants massacred by the Suita of Aleppo, i. 137 Courtray, battle of, Flemings, i. 326. burnt by Count Louis I., 379. Taken the White Capes, ii. 17. Recaptured by count, 18. Sacked and burned by Chas VI. of France, 28, 29. Cedel to Franc 667. Taken by Louis XIV., iv. 25 Courts of Justice, the power of the counts nobles in towns abrogated, i. 168. And tar King's provosts appointed as the chief Le authority, 168. Importance of the Court Peers as a Court of Appeal, 170. Pabar procedure superseded by written and sed testimony, 214. Mixed Catholic and Pr testant courts established, iii. 189. N Napoleon I.
between the French a The suburbs and b
Courvoisier, minister of justice, v. 381. E- signation of 386,
Cousin, M., minister of public instruction, v 325
Coustard, General, executed, iv. 621 Couthon the Cripple, Vergniaud's retort on, iv. 589. Invests Lyons, 597. Refuses terms to the Lyonese, 598. Establishes a reign of terror in Lyons, 598. Member of the Com- mittee of Public Safety, 609. Proposes the reorganisation of the revolutionary tribunal, 649. Arrested, 657. Rescued by the troops of the commune, 657. Re-arrested and exe- cuted, 658, 659
Coutras, battle of, iii. 210, 211
Craon, Pierre de, his attempt to assassinate the Constable Clisson, ii. 42. Flies from the vengeance of the King to the Duke of Brittany, 42
Craon, Sire de, leads the troops of Louis XI. into Burgundy, ii. 328
Crecy, battle of, i. 427. Great numbers of the slain at, 429
Credit, advantages and disadvantages of, iv. 174 Creil, taken by Charles of Navarre, i. 485. And by Charles VII., ii. 212 Cremieux, M., one of the Provisional Govern- ment, v. 596. Minister of justice, 605 Cremona taken by the French, ii. 429. Con- quered by the Venetians, 405, 406. Besieged by Bayard, 479. Captured by Prince Eugène, iv. 86.
Créquy, Marshal, at the affair of Montserrat, iii. 481. Besieges Valenza, 513. His part in the affairs of Savoy, 516. Sent by Louis XIV. to quarrel with the Papal Court, 649. Posted with an army at Verdun, 662. De- feated by the Imperialists, 694. Takes Kehl, 703. Compels Brandenburg to restore his Swedish conquests, 704
'respigny, De, taken prisoner by Henry I. at Brenneville, i. 119. Strikes the King with his sword, 119
Crespy, treaty of, ii. 564 revant, battle of, ii. 149
Crevecœur, recovered by the French crown, ii. 264
Crevecoeur, Sire de Querdes, surrenders the city of Arras to the French, ii. 331. From whom he accepts a command in the north, 339. Loses the battle of Guinegate, 339 Crevecoeur, M., his demands as a member of the League, iii. 184
revelt, battle of, iv. 278
ricq, St., minister of commerce, v. 366 rillon, refuses to assassinate the Duke of Guise, iii. 228
roats, their ravages in Bavaria, iv. 219 roce, Marquis of Santa, commands the Span- iards before Casale, iii. 492
romwell, Oliver, applied to, by the Bordelais, iii. 634. His Spanish and Dutch policy, 638. Obtains Dunkirk, 639
otoy, town of, bought over by Charles V., i. 523. Recovered by France, ii. 264
Crown, increase of the power of the, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, i. 358 Croy, Sire de, tortured by the Orleanists, ii. 83 Croy, Count of, his influence over the Duke of Burgundy, ii. 263
Crozat, sells his interest in trade to Lousiana, iv. 175
Crusades, origin of the, i. 85, 101. Peter the Hermit, 102. Address of Urban II. at the Council of Clermont, 104. The First Cru- sade decided upon, 104. Chief personages who agreed to assume the Cross, 104. Ar- rival in Asia Minor of the first two armies under Peter the Hermit and Gaultier sans Avoir, 105. Destruction of this vanguard by the Turks, 105. Disorganised state of the French crusaders, 106. Efficiency of the armies of Godfrey of Bouillon and Boemond of Naples, 106. Passage of the Crusaders into Asia, 107. Their conquest of Nicea, 107. Their siege and capture of Antioch, 108. Their delay there and diminished numbers, 110. Their siege and capture of Jerusalem, 110, 111. The Second Crusade preached by St. Bernard, 137. Failure of the Emperor Conrad III. and of Louis VII. in the, 138. Melancholy tidings of the state of the Christian principalities in Syria brought home by William of Tyre, 155. The defeat at Tyberiade, and loss of the Holy City, 155. The Cross assumed by Henry II. of England and Philip Augustus, 156. Commencement of the Third Crusade, 157. Entry of the Crusaders, under Frederic Barbarossa, into Asia Minor, 158. Chivalry of the French nobles in Palestine, 167. Un- successful expedition of the Crusaders to Damietta, 193. Contempt of the Crusaders for the monks and doctors of the Church of Rome, 202. The Fifth Crusade led by St. Louis, 233. Preparations of the Pastoureaux for a second crusade, 373
Crussol, sent by Catherine de Medicis to Lan- guedoc, iii. 48
Cuba, taken by the English, iv. 285, 287. Ex- changed by them for Flanders, 288 Cubières, General, minister of war, v. 5, 25. Inculpated of corruption, 576
Cuesta, General, encounters Marshal Bessières, v. 155
Cumberland, Duke of. See William, Duke of Cumberland
Curton, De, lieutenant of Auvergne, defeats the troops of the League at Issoire, iii. 266 Cussin-Gridaine, minister of commerce, v. 518 Custine, General, captures Frankfort, iv. 563.
Keeps Austria and Prussia at bay, 590. Ex- ecuted, 601, 604, 610
Cuvier, his treatment by the Royalists, v. 311 Cyprus, the soldiers of the Fifth Crusade as- semble at, i. 233. St. Louis winters in, 233
Cyprus, King of, assumes the Cross at Avignon, i. 501. Raises an army and goes to the East, 508. Destroys Alexandria, 509 Cyr, Marshal Gouvion de St., his history of the campaigns of 1791-1793, iv. 603. His opinion that German armies might have taken Paris in 1791-1793, 604 Cyr, Marshal St., defeats Wittgenstein at Po- lotsk, v. 186. Becomes minister of war, 260. Supersedes Duke of Feltre as minister of war, 289. Proposes reorganisation of the army, 289. Retires from the ministry, 298 Cyran, St., his imprisonment, iv. 5 Czaslau, or Chotusiz, battle of, v. 221
'ACI, advocate-general, slain by the mob,
Dagobert I., son of Clothaire II., given by his father to the Austrasians as their prince, i. 11. His accession to the empire, 11. His power and haughtiness, 11, 12. Appoints his son Sigebert king of Austrasia, 11, 12. His death, 12
Daguesseau, becomes a member of a new eccle- siastical council, iv. 141
Dalmatia, Duke of. See Soult.
Dam, destruction of the French fleet at, i. 188 Damas, General de, appointed war minister, v. 330. And foreign minister, 334 Damascus, unsuccessful siege of, by the Chris- tians, i. 139
Damême, General, his death in the insurrection of the Ateliers, v. 628
Damiens, attempts to murder Louis XV., iv. 267. His punishment, 268
Damietta, unsuccessful expedition of the Cru- saders to, i. 193, 201. Taken by St. Louis, 233 Dammartin, Antoine de Chabannes, Count of, Kis calumnies against the Dauphin Louis, son of Charles VII., ii. 234. His charges against Jacques Coeur, 236. Marches into Dauphiné against the Dauphin, 243. Obliged to fly on the accession of Louis XI., 253. Recovers the good will of the King, 277. Sent by the King against the Duke of Nemours and Count of Armagnac, whom he defeats, 296. Removed by Louis XI. from command in the north, 339. Besieged in Peronne by the Imperialists, 540. Killed there, 540 Damme, captured by Henry VII. of England, ii. 375
Damon, M., finance minister, v. 578 Dampierre, Count of, married to Margaret, Duchess of Flanders, i. 231. The county passes into his family, 231
Damville, Maréchal, his ill treatment of the Protestants in Languedoc, iii. 83. Appointed to the government of Picardy, 92. Favours the formation of a confederation of estates in
Becomes the Plot to arrest
the southern provinces, 155. chief of the Politiques, 162. him, 164. His escape into Languedoc, 164 Elected captain-general of the Haguen 167. His manifesto, 167. Joined by Cord 172. Becomes partially reconciled to th court, 186. His succession to the Monta rency title and dukedom, 187. Rejected the Languedoc Protestants, 187. Besieg Montpellier, 187
Danes, the, in France, i. 49, 58, 59 Danton, George James, chief of the Cordelie Club, his activity in 1789, iv. 436. I nounces conservative measures, 442. comes a member of the Legislative Assem His friendship sought by Dumbart His alliance proposed to the Gires Receives 50,000 crowns from Les for his services and interest, 504. Prope to banish the Queen, 506. Instance of h mercenary conduct towards the King, & Appointed minister by the assembly, 51 Proposes defending Paris, by audacity, 523 524. Refuses to save the prisoners at Vo sailles, 529. Returned member of the Cz vention, 535. His alliance refused by th Girondists, 544. Intrigues with Dumour 562, 604. His sympathy for Dumor. Leader of the Committee of P Safety, 570. Attacked by Lasource, nounces the Gironde, 573. Demands ar and trial of Girondist chiefs, 584. Stre to save Marie Antoinette, 604. Trusts Ce tine, who fails in carrying out his policy, fi Intrigues with Prussia, Austria, and Swed 605. Fails in his policy, 605, 606. - gusts all parties in the Convention, 606. N longer a member of Committee of P Safety, he loses his influence, 608. Retin to Arcis-sur-Aube, 610. Opposes the violen of the Mountain, 632, et seq. Accusel t moderantism, but rescued by Robespie 633. Rejoices over the fall of the Heberts | 641. Urged to fly from his impending f but refuses, 641. His arrest, 642. His t and defence, 643, 644. His execution, 644 Danubian Provinces taken by Russia, iv. 31°. Given up to Turkey, 317 Dardanelles, treaty of the, v. 546 Darien, Roche, attacked by Charles of E i. 438
Darmès, M., attempts to assassinate 1. Philippe, v. 539. His trial, 547 Darthé, his execution, v. 13 Daubigny, Constable, and general of Char VIII., releases the Duke of Orleans from t tower of Bourges, ii. 372. Comman division in Italy, 383. Commands the g rison of Naples, 387. Defeats the Aragones at Seminara, 390. But capitulates in Calz bria, 391. His illness, 404. Entrust
with command of an army for the invasion of Naples, 411. Defeated and taken prisoner by the Spaniards, 414
Daubigné, released by Marat, iv. 525 D'Aulnay, Philip and Gaultier, execution of, i. 353
Daun, Marshal Count, defeats Frederick the Great at Kollin, iv. 269. And is defeated by Frederick at Leuthen, 272. Occupies Dresden, 280. Beaten by Frederick the Great at Torgau, 280 Dauphiné, or Dauphiny, the government given to Count Dunois, ii. 352. Extent of, at the end of the fifteenth century, 403. The province annexed to France, 439. Founda- tion of Protestantism in, 515. Numbers of the Huguenots in, iii. 17. Their success in, 29. Invaded by the lieutenant of the Duke of Guise, 47. Given up to the Huguenots, 188. Invaded by the Duke of Savoy, 221, 225. The Catholics compelled by Lesdiguières to submit to Henry IV., 275. March of Louis XIII. into, 481. Deprived of its estates by Richelieu, 503. Invaded by the Duke of Saxony, iv. 47. Ravaged by the Austrians, 237. Persecution of the Protestants of, 256. Struggles of Lesdiguières against the ene- mies of Henry IV. in, 261. The provincial assembly of, 363. Resistance of the pro- vince to the abolition of its parliament, 400. Proclaims its declaration of rights, 401 David the Lawyer, his doctrines, and journey to Rome, iii. 178
Davidowitsch, General, defeats Vaubois, v. 25 Daroust, Marshal, defeats the Prussians at Naumbourg and Auerstadt, v. 130. The most tyrannical of Napoleon's generals, 198. Made war minister, 245. His resignation, 262. Created a peer of France, 295 Dawes, Sophie, mistress of Prince of Condé, v. 435. Married to Baron de Feuchères,
political exiles, 297. His measures coun- teracted by the Liberals, 297. Modifies his electoral measures to please the King, 298. But opposed by members of his government, 298. Forms a new ministry, 298. Liberals oppose his measures, 299. Assassination of Duke of Berry by Louvel leads Count D'Artois to demand his dismissal, 301. Sent ambassador to London, 302. His treatment by George IV., 302. Summary of his character and government, 312 Dego, battle of the, v. 18
Deism of the middle of the eighteenth century, iv. 289
Dejoly, M., minister of justice, his letter to the Assembly, iv. 508
Delaborde, M., dismissed by Casimir Perier, v. 444
Delacroix and Lord Malmesbury, negotiations between, v. 27
Delaunay, governor of the Bastille, his defence of the prison, iv. 425. Beheaded by the mob, 426
Delessert, M., appointed minister of foreign affairs, iv. 473. Accused by Brissot, 479. His arrest, 479, 480. Proposes the Duke of Orleans as lieutenant-general, v. 407. Ap- pointed prefect of police, 504. Killed by the mob at Versailles, 530
Delisle, General, trial of, v. 281 Denain, Villars' victory at, iv. 114
Denbigh, Earl of, fails to relieve La Rochelle, iii. 478
Denis, St., the monastery of, ransomed by the Normans, i. 46. The monastery in the twelfth century, 112. Supremacy and pro- perty of the abbey at this period, 112. The abbey aided by Louis against the Baron of Montmorency, 114. Coronation of Philip Au- gustus and Queen Margaret at, 149. Funeral of St. Louis at, 278. Burned by Charles of Navarre, 485. Garrisoned by licentious Bra- banters, ii. 82. Occupied by the Duke of Burgundy, 102. Threatened by John, Duke of Burgundy, 122. Massacre of the citizens at, by the mob of Paris, 126. Captured by Jeanne d'Arc, 172. Occupied by the Royal- ists, 189. Occupied by the Huguenots under Condé and Coligny, iii. 94. Battle of, 96. Denmark subsidised by England, iii. 461 Desmewitz, battle of, v. 211 Deutz, the Jew, betrays the Duchess of Berry, v. 473
Deputies, Chamber of, remodelled, v. 270, et seq. Their conduct disgusts the King, 280. Their attempt to restore the Church to supremacy, 280. Prorogation of, 280. Dissolved, 282. The new and its composition, 283. Designation of the parties into which divided, the Centre and Bascule, 283. Measures of ministers brought before them, 286. Disputes in the,
303, 481. Manuel expelled from the, 325. Charles X. proposes to dissolve, 369. Its composition on Martignac's taking office, 368. Parties nearly balanced, 368. Address of, to the King to change his ministers, 385. Pro- rogued, 385. Dissolved by the King, 387. Their contest with the King, 388. The liberal deputies ordered to be arrested by Marmont, 398. Opening of, by the lieu- tenant governor, 415. Propose to call Duke of Orleans to the throne, 416. Agitation in, at trial of April conspirators, 492. Show their distrust of Molé, 511. Dissolved by Molé, 511, 513. Re-assembling, choose M. Passy as president, 516. Opening of, 539. M. Thiers draws up the address which leads to his resignation, 539, 540. Discuss universal suffrage, 542. Its unpopularity, 578. Its republican members meet to oppose Louis Philippe, 580. Session of December, 1847, opened by the King, 582. Its opposition to the address, 582. Debates in, on the Re- Violent pro- gency question, 595, et seq. ceedings, 597, 598. Its members form a second republic, 598, et seq. Dissolved by the Provisional Government, 611. Its new constitution and mode of election, 611. Louis Blanc and Socialists seek to expel the Mode- rates, 613. The New Assembly and its par- ties and numbers, 617. Meet in the Palais Bourbon, 617. See Assembly, New. Derby, Earl of, defeats the Flemings at Cad- sand, i. 402. Reduces St. Jean d'Angely and Poitiers, 432. Goes to Calais, 432. At the siege of Calais, 434. Sent by Edward III. to Bayonne with an army, 420. Marches into Perigord, and takes all the fortresses in Upper Gascony, 420. Defeats the French at Auberoche, 420. Captures Angoulême, 421. His prowess and gentillesse, 421 Derval, castle of, besieged by the Constable Du Guesclin, i. 534. Terms of its proposed surrender, 534
Desaix, by his timely arrival, regains the battle of Marengo, v. 86. His death, 86 Desfosses, M. Rosan, minister of marine, v. 646
Desiderius, or Didier, ascends the throne of Lombardy, i. 22. His daughter married to Charlemagne, 23. Who returns her to her friends, 24. Besieged by Charlemagne in Pavia, 24, 25, Taken prisoner and thrown into captivity, 25
Desmarets, Jean, put to death, ii. 30 Desmarets, M., becomes finance minister, iv. 99. His measures, 99, 121 Desmoulins, Camille, his harangue in the Palais Royal, iv. 422. Returned member for the Convention, 535. His inhumanity at the condemnation of the King, 555. Ex- tracts from his 'Vieux Cordelier,' 633.
poses the more violent of the Mountain, 633 Accused of Moderantism, but rescued by Robespierre, 633. Denounces the party ef the Lanterne, 637. Arrested, 642. H trial and execution, 643, 644. Execution his wife, 646
Desolles, General, prime minister, v. 295. Re signs his office, 298
Despotism, birth of, i. 262. Rapid establis ment of, in France, i. 443. Causes whit fostered the growth of despotism at the e- mencement of the sixteenth century, ii. 40% Despots, M. Guizot's two kinds of, i. 304. Dettingen, battle of, iv. 227 Deutlingen, battle of, iii. 569 Deux Ponts, Duke of, joins the Huguenot army iii. 104
Deux Ponts, duchy of, claimed by Louis XIT. iv. 22. Seized by him, 25. Given up France, 62
Diana of Poictiers, saves her father's life. 478. Becomes the mistress of Francis L., 475 note. Her influence over the Dauphin (aft wards Henry II.), 550. Her influence or the Duke of Orleans (afterwards Henry II 550, 593. Created Duchess of Valentin 593. Answer of the court tailor to her, 62 Compelled to retire from the court of Frar - II., iii. 7
Diana, natural daughter of Henry II. of Fran married to Horatio Farnese, ii. 613 Diderot, seizure of his papers by governme iv. 269. His denial of aught but matter and of the base of religion, 295 Didier, King of the Lombards. See Desideris Didier, Paul, conspiracy of, v. 281. His ar and death, 281
Diebitsch, General, defeated by the Poles,
Dieppe, a fleet fitted out by Philip V. at, i. 370 Recovered from the English, ii. 194. Faile of an expedition of the English against. 24 Declares for the Huguenots, iii. 57. Tak from Madame de Longueville, 601 Dietrichsen, trial and execution of, iv, 642, 61- Dijon, a French army shut up by the Swiss- ii. 439. Cruelties inflicted on the Hugue of, iii. 64. Submits to Henry IV., 314, 3 Corn riots at, iv. 349
Dillon, General, invades Belgium but unsucces ful, iv. 484. Repeats his oath of allegin to the King, 532. Endeavours to save Dan and his friends, 643. Executed, 646 Dinant, town of, taken by Edward III. England, i. 416. Surrenders to the Fret 534. Its rule as a democratic communi ii. 279. Rivalry between it and Bouvines, D'Interville, Bishop of Auxerre, French ert at Rome, recalled, ii. 525 Directors, the Five, chosen by Council of A cients, v. 5. Se Directory.
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