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of different communities, and being greater in the large cities. certification is usually done by the paying teller, but is often delegated to others. In some companies it is done only by an official, and in some cases this duty is performed by the bookkeeper in whose ledger is carried the account whose check is certified. A rubber stamp is generally used for certifying checks, although it is sufficient to write across the face of the check the word "certified," followed by the date and the official

NAME

Walter I Don

ADDRESS 2117 Vine St. Cincinnati, O

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FIG. 219.-CARD RECORD OF CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT.

BALTIMORE TRUST COMPANY No. 189
ANDEN, DEL Dec. 18_190.6

PAY TO THE ORDER OF

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$11200 DOLLARS

John Dow

FIG. 220.-CERTIFIED CHECK.

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signature of the person who certifies. Figure 220 shows a check certified by the use of a common form of rubber stamp. Other forms used are "Good when properly endorsed" and, "Accepted; payable through clearing-house;" the latter form recognizing the fact that the certification of the check is equivalent to the acceptance of a draft drawn upon the bank by its customer.

There are two general methods in vogue for keeping account of certified checks. One is by the use of a certified check register, a form

of which is shown in Figure 221. The checks are entered on this register as they are certified, and at the close of the day the bookkeeper credits the certified check account with the total amount of checks certified during the day, each separate check being charged on the individual books against the account on which it is drawn. As his authority for such charges to the accounts, the individual bookkeeper receives from the teller who certifies a special debit slip such as is shown in Figure 222. When the checks come in for payment, they are charged on the certified check account, and the date of payment is entered in the last column of the register.

The other method is to dispense with the use of the register, and to keep the detail of checks certified in a special ledger account, such as that shown in Figure 223, or that in Figure 224. In the account shown in Figure 223, both credits and debits are entered in chronological order as received by the bookkeeper, and a check mark is made before each credit item as its corresponding debit is entered, so that the unchecked credits show what certified checks are outstanding at any time. In the account shown in Figure 224, the credits are entered in chronological order, but the debits are entered opposite the original credit of each item, so that the outstanding checks are found by noting what credits have no debit entries opposite them.

RECORD OF EXPENSES.

It is important that the expenses of a trust company be not only recorded as to the total, which is shown by the general ledger account, but that the distribution of the account for different kinds of expense be shown. For this purpose an expense voucher record, such as that shown in Figure 225, is useful. The left side of the record shows the detail of each voucher, while the remaining part shows the distribution according to different kinds of expense. In a large company having several departments, the distribution by departments is also shown. It is also useful to provide for credits to expense account, which may occur through errors, rebates, etc. Figure 226 shows the right page of a form used by a large company for these two purposes, Figure 225 being the left page of the same form. This record is of course based on the assumption that the voucher system for expense items is used, this practice being a growing one among the best companies.

Various methods of handling the company's payroll are in use. Some companies pay salaries by checks, the endorsements of which provide receipts from all employees. This method is open to the objection. that the salary received by each employee becomes a matter of common knowledge, which is often undesirable. The method of paying in cash, and taking receipts on a pay-roll book in which the names of employees. are written in alphabetical order for each pay-roll, is open to the same objection, though used by some companies. There are companies which do not consider it necessary to take receipts for salaries. The most sat

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Samuel R Jones Better

FIG. 222.-DEBIT SLIP FOR CHECK CERTIFIED.

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FIG. 226.-ADDITIONAL RECORD FOR EXPENSE VOUCHERS.

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isfactory method seems to be to pay in cash, and take receipts in an ordinary journal-ruled book, in which a separate page is devoted to each employee. The book should have an index-preferably a marginal index. At the top of each page are written or printed some such words as these:-"Received from The Blank Trust Company the amounts set opposite my several signatures below, in full payment of my salary to the dates shown." On each line is written the date of the pay-day, and the amount due the employee to such date. It is a convenience to have the pages numbered, and in getting the pay-roll ready for the paying teller, the disbursing officer writes on pay-roll envelopes the page number and the amount due. After the teller has placed in each envelope the amount of cash called for on its face, the disbursing officer may, if he chooses, turn to the pages indicated and write on each envelope the name of the person who is to receive it. This method saves the trouble of preparing for the teller a list of the amounts of each denomination of currency or coin needed for the pay-roll. The disbursing officer simply hands to the paying teller a voucher for the total amount of cash needed, with the envelopes showing the separate

amounts.

For customers who wish cash prepared for their pay-rolls, a pay-roll slip like that shown in Figure 227 is provided, on which is shown the amount of each denomination wanted.

RECORDS OF THE SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

An important task is that of looking after the supplies of various kinds-records, forms, pens, ink, etc. In the large companies a good many thousands of dollars are expended for such things each year, and a regular department is organized to care for the work. It is necessary to have a sufficient supply of each article always on hand, to buy in quantities that will insure good rates; and yet to avoid loading the expense account for any one year with the cost of supplies for several years ahead. In a small company the problem is comparatively simple, and occasional inventories under the direction of a watchful official are all that is needed. Large companies with several departments require a careful system. The buying is generally done by one of the junior officers, who has charge of the department. Each new form as ordered is given a form number, by which it is thereafter known. When supplies are received from the printer by the supply clerk, he makes a record of same on the left side of the card form shown in Figure 228. The date of receipt, the party from whom purchased, the quantity and the price are shown. These cards are filed in a case, in which sections are set off by index cards for forms of each department and for general forms; and the cards are arranged alphabetically in each section. Supplies are delivered to the various workers only on written requisitions; and from these requisitions record of the

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