Slave labor under the searchlight, men and women at night. This picture, from the Chinese Communist magazine "China Reconstructs," of December 1958 is captioned: "With commune organization, the battle against nature goes on

day and night. Above, members of the Shangcheng People's Commune, Honan Province, work up the earth to a depth of 14 inches."

This picture shows a group of women, members of a Communist China commune, operating a blast furnace in the much publicized iron and steel project. This and the picture on the opposite page are reproduced from a late 1958 issue of "China Pictorial," published in Peking, Communist China.

Senator KEATING. Who are the masters?

Mr. HUNTER. The power-mad, power-motivated top hierarchy of the Communist Party of China, as part of the international Communist movement. They run the whole, mad enterprise. Labor in China today has only the pretense of a wage. Chinese Communist publications are full of references to presumed appeals by the workers that they work all night as well as all day, that they work without pay, that money is a capitalistic appendage which a good, patriotic Chinese scorns.

You can imagine the advantages this provides in economic warfare, which is a main objective. It is what the Red hierarchy hopes to gain by brainwashing, insectivizing the whole nation

Mr. SOURWINE. You said insectivizing?

Mr. HUNTER. Yes, making a person into the so-called new Soviet man, a Pavlovian conception that he himself would have opposed. It puts man on the level of the spider and the ant, instinctively obedient to orders.

The slave laborer, cruelly exploited this way, provides the resources in trade with which to wage debilitating economic warfare against countries not in the Communist bloc, in as ruthless a way as the Communist Party of China exports heroin and opium in order to corrode the character of peoples abroad, including those in the United States. Virtually all these drugs come from Red China. Its trade would similarly debase our working standards.

It is impossible for America's working standards, for the achievements we have so painfully obtained through the farsightedness of labor and management, for our whole conception of the individual possessing inherent rights to be maintained against a competition which uses exports as weapons of war thus sold without any relationship to their cost in money or blood. Other countries in Asia have already been alarmed and hurt by this. The slave-labor status of the Chinese cripples our aid program in Asia. We are diverting possibly the larger amount of our aid money to Asia. It is going into a bottomless pit, so long as slave labor can be made to compete with it-it is a system which, if we sit back and make believe it does not exist, cannot help but destroy us.

Senator KEATING. Well, now, it is somewhat outside of the province of this committee, but what is the answer to that, as it affects us? Should we give up, throw up our hands, and stop all aid to Asia?

Mr. HUNTER. No. I believe, first of all, from my knowledge of Asians, that we have to face up to these realities and act accordingly, which we have not been doing.

In this connection, I would like to describe two other basic Communist approaches which we make believe do not exist, but which make an impossibility of anything we attempt in aid or negotiations.

We cannot understand the communes, we cannot understand anything the Communists do, without understanding those two points. One is what I call a code language. We talk of semantics, and assume that we understand what it means, but Communist code language is much more than semantics. The Reds use a code as a language. It is as if the Senator went to the telegraph office and selected a telegram which consisted of the letters "HBYDA," meaning "Happy birthday to you, dear auntie." The Communists use just as much of a code,