ing, what misery and want will there be in that village this winter, all because of intoxicating liquor!

"White hunters, recently arrived from the westward, tell me it is the same out there. The natives are demoralized by drink. Now, the future of this race is that, practically, they will perish from off the face of the globe unless they are Christianized-and that soon. It is a fact that the children do not generally show this terrible craving for strong drink. The pupils of my school are ashamed of their parents' drinking, and we never see them drink any. It seems, therefore, to be rather an acquired habit than an inherited appetite. It is only right and just that our Government take orphan children and inebriates' children and put them in a good industrial school under religious teachers, who, in addition to moral and intellectual training, will teach them the cultivation of the soil, the rearing of cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry, the elements of some of the mechanical arts; and the girls the arts of sewing and cooking. Such a school can be and should be established in this vicinity."

The establishment of such a school is under consideration by the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society.

3.-UNALASKA DISTRICT.

The great distance of this district from the Bureau of Education, its remoteness from a post-office (2,500 to 4,000 miles), and its inaccessibility, portions of the field having communication with the outside world but once a year, have led to the very general establishment of contract schools in this section of Alaska. In these schools well-known missionary societies share with the Government the expense and responsibility.

Unalaska.-The ladies of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Church are raising funds for the establishment of a school at this point. Carmel (Moravian, Rev. Frank E. Wolff, principal, with 4 assistants).-Boarding pupils, 20; day pupils, 15; Eskimo. Of the boarding pupils 14 were boys and 6 girls. It is expected that additional buildings will be erected by the opening of the next school year.

Bethel (Moravian, Rev. J. H. Kilbuck, principal, with 4 assistants).—Boarding pupils, 30; day pupils, 9; Eskimo.

With regard to the school, Rev. J. H. Kilbuck reports, under date of May 28, 1890: "This past school year has been our best, more scholars having been enrolled, and in consequence a better average attendance.

"The great drawback we find to be the running back and forth of scholars to their homes, which is not conducive to progress. We are compelled to acquiesce at present in order to hold scholars who have parents. The orphans, of course, we have full control of, and we keep them steadily at school.

"The migratory habits of the people are the root of irregular attendance. The parents as a rule take out their children to help them in getting food and fur. It is only during the season of rest that we can hope to keep a large number of scholars. Of course it is absolutely necessary that the boys be trained early to get their living, hence we can not seriously object to the parents taking their children for this purpose.

"There are instances where parents send their children to school for the sole purpose of having them clothed, and then take them away after a short stay. This, however, never occurred before this year, and we will see to it that it will not happen again.

"As regards behavior we can not complain. There was a case or two of immorality, but severe and speedy measures soon put an end to that, and the general conduct of the boys has been more manly. Several of the boys have been taking music lessons during the year. They have made reasonable progress under the teaching of Signor Weber.

"From the reports you will see that brother Weber has taught the school all winter. Whenever I was at home I kept the boys in in the evening, when I would give them general instruction in descriptive and physical geography and physfology. These evenings were pleasant to teachers and scholars, and many of the latter took a deep interest in the lessons.

"In speaking English the boys, as a rule, make but slow progress. We will have to resort to compulsory measures before they will take up English in earnest. "As in other years, the boys help in fishing, getting wood, and sawing and splitting firewood, and in general work they are quite a factor. As play is more pleasing to boy nature than work, it sometimes takes a good command of patience to keep them busy. The boys learn to get their food, as they supply us ED 90-79

with fresh meat during the winter and spring, with the aid of snares, powder, and shot, and traps.`

Anvik (Episcopal, Rev. John W. Chapman, teacher).-Day pupils, 35; Indians. During the summer of 1989, the school room was furnished with desks for 24 children, which to the gratification of the teacher, were filled. The progress of the scholars proved most satisfactory.

Rev. O. Parker writes, in connection with this school: "In closing this letter, I would say that both Mr. Chapman and I are still of the opinion that a boarding school is a necessary thing for the more successful carrying on of this work, and though we realize that a common school education should underlie all instruction in other branches, yet we feel it all necessary that mechanical branches should be taught as soon as possible. Perhaps a dozen boys' chests of tools and three or four sewing machines would enable us to make a beginning in that direction."

Kosoriffsky (Roman Catholic, Rov. P. Tosi, principal, with 6 assistants).Boarding pupils, 29; Eskimo.

Nulato (Roman Catholic, Rev. A. Robaut, principal).-No report received. Kingegan (Cape Prince of Wales), (Congregational, Messrs. H. R. Thornton, of Hampden Sidney, Va., and W. T. Lopp, of Valley City, Ind., teachers).-Population, Eskimo.

The teachers report: "The natives are peaceable, friendly, and intelligent, instead of ferocious, hostile, and stupid, as we were led to expect. We do not now entertain any fear of violence from them, and they already seem attached to us. In appearance they are a fine-looking set of people-robust and healthysomething like very good looking mulattoes, but with better features, and often brilliant color. In school they show as much intelligence as white children would under similar circumstances. We have now 65 pupils enrolled, although five-sixths of the population are absent on trading voyages. In fall, winter, and spring we think we shall have at least 300 pupils. This is the largest settlement on the coast and would form a valuable center of missionary work for the neighhoring settlements at Port Clarence, the Diomede Island (middle of strait), Kotzebue Sound, Kings Island, etc.

The children are very sweet and attractive. We have never seen any signs of a fight or even a quarrel among them; nor have we seen any of them show any inclination to disobey their parents, a most remarkable fact, we think.

Point Hope (Episcopal, Mr. John B. Driggs, teacher).-Population Eskimo. Point Barrow (Presbyterian, Mr. L. M. Stevenson, of Versailles, Ohio. teacher).-Population, Eskimo.

These last three schools are in Arctic Alaska, and will be noticed more at length later on in the report.

III. OTHER SCHOOLS.

Unalaklik ("Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant in America," Messrs. Axel E. Karlson and Aug. Anderson, teachers).-Pupils enrolled, 40 (31 boys and 9 girls); Eskimo.

Yakutat (Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant in America," Rev. Albert Johnson and Rev. K. J. Henrickson, teachers).-Population, Thlinget; pupils 30. Nuklukahyet (“Church Mi-sionary Society," London, England, Rev. and Mrs. T. H. Canham, teachers).-Population. Athabaskan Indians; pupils, 40.

This school was established in the summer of 1888, and has been taught in the Indian tongue. Drawing all of their supplies from England by way of Hudson Bay and across the continent by dog train the teachers have been much hampered by the want of suitable books and other facilities. Arrangements are in progress to transfer this mission to the Protestant Episcopal Mission Society of the United States and reorganize the school on an English speaking basis as one of the contract schools of this department.

Hoonah (Presbyterian, Rev. and Mrs. John W. McFarland, teachers).—Population. Thlinget; pupils, 126.

Juncau (Presbyterian, Rev. Eugene S. Willard in charge with 3 assistants).Attendance, 21 Thlingets.

This is a home where these children are taken from their parents, or received as homeless waifs, and lodged, fed, clothed, and trained as in a Christian family. It is a practical exhibition of Christian philanthropy, and is accomplishing much good.

Juneau (Roman Catholic, Sisters of St. Ann. Sister Mary Zeno, superior, with 2 assistants).-Attendance, 40; mainly white children.

Douglass City (Friends, Mr. and Mrs. S. R. Moon in charge).-No statistics received.

Jackson (Presbyterian, Mrs. A. R. McFarland in charge with 1 assistant).This is a home similar to the one at Juneau.

St. Paul Island (North American Commercial Company, Simeon Milevedoff, teacher).-Population, Aleut; attendance, 50.

St. George Island (North American Commercial Company, Dr. A. L. Noyes, teacher).-Population, Aleut; attendance, 29.

This and the preceding school on St. Paul are the two that are maintained on the Seal Islands in accordance with the terms of the lease issued by the U. S. Treasury Department.

Through the influence of the priest of the Russo-Greek Church, the people are reluctant to have their children learn the English language.

Mr. Charles J. Goff, Treasury agent in charge of the Seal Islands, writes in his annual report to the Department: "Mr. Milevedoff was energetic and untiring in his efforts to advance the pupils, but there is very little interest taken by them in English speaking schools, so that there was but little progress made."

Russian. In addition to the above are a number of Russo-Greek parochial schools, supported by the imperial Government of Russia, which will be enumerated in the tables of school attendance.

The statistics of these schools have been furnished by Mr. Ivan Petroff, special agent for Alaska of the Eleventh Census.

B.-RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION IN THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA.

During the winter of 1890 the rules and regulations for the conduct of public schools in Alaska, approved by the Secretary of the Interior, June 15, 1887, were revised and amplified by the Commissioner of Education, and approved by the Secretary of the Interior, April 9, 1890, and are as follows:

By virtue of the power conferred upon the Secretary of the Interior by act of Congress of May 17, 1884, authorizing him to make needful and proper provision for the education of children of school age in the Territory of Alaska, without reference to race until such time as permanent provision shall be made for the same, the following rules and regulations for the government of the public schools in Alaska are hereby promulgated:

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

SECTION 1. The general supervision and management of public education in Alaska is hereby committed to the Commissioner of Education, subject to the direction and control of the Secretary of the Interior.

SEC. 2. The Commissioner of Education is authorized

(a) To appoint district superintendents and local school committees.

(b) To establish common schools in every settlement where there are children in sufficient number, and at least one school in every tribe or large settlement of the natives.

(c) To enter into agreement with missionary societies for the maintenance of boarding and industrial training schools, especially among the wild tribes and more inaccessible regions.

(d) To provide plans and contract for the erection of school buildings, and where necessary, residences for the teachers.

(e) To approve of the appointment of teachers and regulate the amount of their salaries.

(f) To provide necessary books and other school supplies.

(g) To make such recommendations to the Secretary of the Interior as the interest of education in Alaska may seem to require.

SUPERVISION.

SEC. 3. A superintendent of education, to be known as the general agent of education for Alaska, shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Interior, upon the recommendation of the Commissioner of Education, and shall hold the position during the pleasure of the Secretary, and until his successor be appointed. He shall receive from the Government for his services as general agent an annual salary of $1,200.

SEC. 4. The general agent of education shall have a desk in the Bureau of Education; but during the six months of the year (summer) when it is possible to go from place to place in Alaska, he shall give his personal attention and supervision to the school work in the Territory.

SEC. 5. He shall be allowed necessary traveling expenses while on duty.

SEC. 6. It shall be the duty of the general agent to exercise special supervision and superintendence over the public schools and teachers in the Territory, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Education.

SEC. 7. He shall have power, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Education

(a) To select and appoint the teachers of the public schools, to prescribe their duties, and to fix their salaries.

(b) To provide general rules for the government of the schools and the attendance of the children.

(c) To prescribe the series of text-books to be used in the public schools and to require all teaching to be done in the English language.

(d) To select the location of schoolhouses, to provide plans for the same, t> draw up contracts for the erection of said buildings for the approval and signature of the Commissioner of Education, and to lease houses for school purposes.

SEC. 8. Requisitions for all materials for the erection of school buildings, articles of school furniture, supplies of books, stationery, and other necessary materials for the use of the schools shall be made by the general agent upon the Commissioner of Education, and when such requisitions are approved by the Commissioner they shall be transmitted to the Secretary of the Interior for his approval, and when approved by him the supplies will be purchased by the Commissioner of Education, and paid for as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 9. The general agent of education, at least three months in advance of the close of the scholastic year, shall submit to the Commissioner of Educa tion detailed estimates of the probable necessary expenses for the support of the Territorial schools for the next fiscal year, including therein the erection of school buildings, the pay of school officers and teachers and other employés, traveling expenses of the general agent and the district superintendents, rents, fuel and lights, furniture, school books, apparatus, and all other necessary expenses for the maintenance of the schools.

SEC. 10. All salaries, expenditures, and other claims for the payment of educational expenses in Alaska must be audited by the general agent of education, or in his absence by the assistant agent (hereinafter provided for), approved by the Commissioner of Education, and when approved by him transmitted to the Secretary of the Interior for his approval, and when so approved, will be paid out of the funds appropriated by Congress for the education of the children of the Territory.

SEC. 11. In cases of special emergency the general agent, district superintendent, or local school committee, may incur expenditures for immediate necessary school purposes in advance of the approval of the Commissioner of Education, but such liabilities shall be only for unforeseen and necessary purposes, and shall in no case exceed $100.

SEC. 12. Whenever such extraordinary expense is incurred the general agent, superintendent, or local committee making the same, shall make an immediate report thereon in writing, to the Commissioner of Education, setting forth the reasons for incurring said expense, and transmitting properly signed and audited vouchers for the payment thereof.

SEC. 13. In the preparation of estimates, vouchers, and other official forms and papers, the blanks approved by the Treasury and Interior Departments shall be used.

SEC. 14. As far as possible the general agent shall visit each school district once in two years.

SEC. 15. The general agent shall make a report at the end of the school year to the Commissioner of Education, which report shall embrace

(a) Number and general condition of all the schools in the Territory.

1. Public schools in

Unalaska district.

Kadiak district.
Sitka district.

2. Contract schools.

3. Other private and church schools.

(b) Rules and regulations prescribed by the general agent for the government of the schools and the duties of the teachers.

(c) School census, monthly attendance, etc.

1. Census of population and of children of school age.

2. Statistics of enrollment, average attendance, etc.

3. Branches of study taught and number of pupils in each.
4. Other statistics when possible.

(d) Personnel.

1. General agent, district superintendents, school committees, and clerk; their pay.

2. Government school teachers and their pay.

3. School policemen and their pay.

(e) School houses.

1. The number, location, and seating capacity of the school buildings owned by the Government.

2. The number, location, seating capacity, and rental of rented buildings.

3. The number, location, seating capacity, and cost of school buildings erected during the year.

(f) Any and all information, suggestions, and recommendations that may be useful for the advancement of education in Alaska or that may be required by the Commissioner of Education.

SEC. 16. The Commissioner of Education is hereby authorized to employ a person, to be known as the assistant agent, at a salary of $100 per month, to be paid out of the fund appropriated by Congress for education in Alaska, whose duties shall be, under the direction of the general agent

(a) To attend to the Alaska correspondence.

(b) To take care of the Alaska files.

(c) To keep the accounts with the Alaska fund.

(d) In the absence of the general agent to audit the accounts of the teachers. (e) And to prepare Alaska papers, vouchers, etc., for submission to the Commissioner of Education, and in every possible way to assist the Commissioner and the general agent.

SCHOOL DISTRICTS.

The Territory of Alaska is divided into three school districts, which shall conform to the geographical divisions known as Sitka, Kadiak, and Unalaska, as follows:

SEC. 17. Sitka, comprising all southeastern Alaska, with an area of 28,980 square miles.

SEC. 18. Kadiak, comprising the region from Mount Saint Elias westward to Zakharoff Bay, with an area of 70,884 square miles.

SEC. 19. Unalaska, comprising the region from Zakharoff Bay westward to the end of Aleutian Islands and northward to the Arctic Ocean, with an area of 431,645 square miles.

SEC. 20. In the Sitka district the Commissioner of Education shall appoint a district superintendent of schools at a salary of $40 per month, and he shall hold the position during the pleasure of the Commissioner and until his successor be appointed.

SEC. 21. It shall be the duty of the district superintendent to exercise local supervision over the Government schools and teachers in his district.

SEC. 22. He shall visit all the schools of his district at least twice a year and keep the general agent informed of their condition and wants as to school buildings, repairs, and supplies, the manner in which teachers perform their duties, and make such recommendations as may seem important to the best interests of the schools.

SEC. 23. He shall make an annual report to the general agent of education of the condition of schools in his district.

SEC. 24. He may once a year hold a teachers' association at such time and place as in his judgment will best promote the interest of the schools.

SEC. 25. He shall be allowed necessary traveling expenses in the discharge of his official duties.

SEC. 26. Until the schools become more numerous and the means of communication more frequent, the general agent of education shall be ex-officio district superintendent of the Kadiak and Unalaska districts.

SEC. 27. In any village in Alaska containing a sufficient number of suitable persons the Commissioner of Education may at his discretion appoint three persons who shall act as a local school committee.