The poet has in mind the life of a family:

"Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine,

In the innermost parts of thy house;
Thy children like olive plants,

Round about thy table." Psalm 128: 3.

Or parental love:

"As one whom his mother comforteth,

So will I comfort you;

And ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem." Isaiah 66: 13.

Like as a father pitieth his children,

So Jehovah pitieth them that fear him. Psalm 103: 13.

Sometimes it is the bearing of burdens by means of a yoke:

"Thou shall shake his yoke from off thy neck." Genesis 27: 40. "My yoke is easy, and my burden is light." Matthew 11: 30.

Again it is the driving cattle:

"The words of the wise are as goads." Ecclesiastes 12: 11.

The figures are often taken from familiar works of man:

"Behold I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, A Precious corner-stone of sure foundation." Isaiah 28:16.

"His heart is as firm as a stone;

Yea, firm as the nether mill-stone." Job 41:24.

We see and hear the beekeeper hissing to call his bees:

"And will hiss for them [the Nations] from the end of the earth; And behold they shall come with speed swiftly." Isaiah 5:26.

"And it shall come to pass in that day,

That Jehovah will hiss for the fly,

That is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt,

And for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.

And they shall come, and shall rest all of them

In the desolate valleys, and in the clefts of the rocks,

And upon all thorn-hedges, and upon all pastures." Isaiah 7:18.

Other sources of figurative language were Chaos and Creation:

"I beheld the earth,

And, lo it was waste and void;

And the heavens, and they had no light.

I beheld the mountains and lo they trembled,

And all the hills moved to and fro." Jeremiah 4:23.

The Deluge is probably in the poet's mind when he writes:

"The windows on high are opened

And the foundations of the earth tremble." Isaiah 24:18. The Exodus and its many incidents are referred to in a number of passages.

"Thou broughtest a vine out of Egypt;

Thou didst drive out the nations, and plantedst it." Psalm 80:8

"And Jehovah will utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; And with his scorching wind will he wave his hand over the River, And he will smite it into seven streams,

And cause men to march over dryshod." Isaiah 11:15.

"Thus saith Jehovah

Who maketh a way in the sea,

And a path in the mighty waters;

Who bringeth forth the chariot and horse,

The army and the mighty man:

They lie down together, they shall not rise;

They are extinct; they are quenched as a wick." Isaiah 43:16-17.

"Is it not thou that driedst up the sea,

The waters of the great deep;

That madest the depths of the sea a way

For the redeemed to pass over?" Isaiah 51:10.

"Where is Jehovah that brought us up

Out of the land of Egypt,

That led us through the wilderness,

Through a land of deserts and of pits,

Through a land of drought and of the shadow of death,
Through a land that none passed through,

And where no man dwelt?" Jeremiah 2:6.

The appearance of God is described in language that takes us back to the thunderings and lightnings and smoking mountain of Exodus, ch. 20, where the giving of the Law is described. Such passages are Psalm 18:7-15, and Habakkuk 3. Jehovah

speaks in the storm, Job 38:1, and Psalm 29, a poem of nature is the description of a thunder-storm which is called "the voice of Jehovah."

The symbolic vestments of the priests and the services of the Tabernacle and the Temple are likewise sources of figurative expression. Jehovah "clothed with majesty," "clothed with strength," "girded with strength" all suggest the dress of the priests as described in Exodus, ch. 29. A striking passage in which garments and armor are used figuratively is this from Isaiah:

"And he put on righteousness as a breastplate,

And a helmet of salvation upon his head;

And he put on garments of vengeance for clothing;
And was clad with zeal as a mantle." Isaiah 59:17.

Later Paul used figuratively the armor of the Roman soldier:

"Stand therefore, having girded your loins with truth, and having put on the breastplate of righteousness, and having shod your feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace. . . taking up the shield of faith... the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God." Ephesians 6:14-17.

The apocalyptic books abound in imagery much of which was not so much metaphor or analogy as pure symbolism such as the conception of the new Jerusalem, in Revelations, a city "foursquare," "the length, and the breadth and the height thereof" being "equal." The Oriental manner of expressing ideas picturesquely and concretely, instead of abstractly, leads to the notable use of imagery in the Bible.

THE OUT-OF-DOOR ESSAYS OF MR. W. H.

HUDSON

BY CORNELIUS WEYGANDT

Professor of English Literature

It has taken our generation all its thirty years to find out that Mr. W. H. Hudson is one of the masters of English prose. He came before us in 1885, as a teller of tales, with "The Purple Land that England Lost," but the corner of Argentina he so called had little interest for his kin in England and Ireland and America. Few read the book, fewer talked of it, and the reviewers almost all passed it by with faint praise.

The ornithologist could not thus neglect the two volumes of "Argentine Ornithology," which followed in 1888–89, for Dr. Sclater's name preceded Mr. Hudson's on the title page. They were well reviewed, for their additions to knowledge, in the scientific journals, and gave to Mr. Hudson some reputation as a field naturalist and a describer of little known birds. Only two hundred copies of "Argentine Ornithology were printed, however, and its scope gave Mr. Hudson few chances to catch in words aspects of out-of-doors at moments of poignant beauty. That is his greatest power, and no man I know, in our tongue, and no man, I believe, in any other, not Loti himself, has rescued from Time so much of the passing beauty of the world.

It has been the luck of Mr. Hudson to know out-of-doors in two very different lands, Argentina and England. There were hours of hours in both countries that could not fade from his mind and that are now his readers' forever through the magic of his words. Hours of autumn when the grassy pampas of La Plata were "white and faintly blushing" under amber light; winter hours in Patagonia when the wastes were bleakly grey and desolate; hours on the Sussex downs when