Coeducation.-The fact that increasing attention is being bestowed upon the higher education of women is apparent not only from the number of colleges for women that are constantly being established, but from the number of institutions that are continually removing the barriers against the admission of women to their privileges. The great advance that has been made in this direction during the past ten years may be graphically presented by means of the following diagram. This shows the ratio of coeducational institutions to the total number of colleges and universities (excluding colleges for women) for the years 1880 and 1890:

"I-Diagram showing the ratio of coeducational colleges to the total number of colleges (excluding colleges for women).

Teaching force.-The total number of professors and instructors employed in the 415 institutions during the year under consideration was 7,918. This number includes the instructors in all the departments of the institutions. The distribution of instructors among the several departments is shown by the following diagram:

II.-Diagram showing the distribution of professors and instructors among the several departments of colleges and universities.

From this representation it will be seen that a little more than half the total number of professors instruct in the collegiate department, counting those instructing in both collegiate and preparatory departments. Of the 7,918 professors and instructors reported 1,083 were women. The great majority of this number were engaged as instructors in music, art, and elocution, or as assistants to professors. An examination of the catalogues of the 272 coeducational institutions shows that in 134 of them women have charge of some regular college studies. This includes not only the cases where women have the title of "professor,' but also cases where they are called "instructor," but have charge of the subject specified. Nearly all of the coeducational institutions have women in their

corps of instructors, but, as said before, the large majority of these are engaged as assistants or as instructors in music, art, etc. The same investigation also showed that 24 of the coeducational institutions have women as members of their boards of trustees.

Students.-The distribution of the 118,581 students among the several departments is shown in the following diagram :

III-Diagram showing the distribution of students among the several departments of colleges and universities.

The graduate students form a very small percentage of the total number, notwithstanding the remarkable increase in this respect during the past twenty years. As would naturally be expected, much the larger proportion of all the students are males, though this ratio is being constantly decreased. The accompanying diagram shows the proportion of males and females reported in all departments of colleges and universities:

IV.--Diagram showing the sex of students in all departments of colleges and universities.

Taking only the regular college students-that is, students pursuing undergraduate college courses, we find that the proportion of males is larger than when the students in all departments are considered. The total number of stu

1See p. 819.

dents reported as being in the collegiate departments was 44.133, and the classification according to sex is given in the following diagram :

Males, 81.1%

50

1.1%
Unclassified

Females, 17.8%

100

V.-Diagram showing the sex of students in collegiate departments.

Location of institutions.-The distribution of colleges among the several geographical sections of the United States is shown in the following:

VI.-Diagram 'showing the distribution of 415 colleges and universities among the several geo graphical divisions of the United States.

Distribution of college students.-The proportion of regular college students enrolled in the several divisions is shown in Diagram VII.

VIL-Diagram showing the distribution of regular college students among the several geographical divisions.

Comparing Diagrams VI and VII it will be seen that the North Atlantic Division is the only one in which the proportion of college students is greater than the proportion of institutions. This is somewhat changed when we consider the students in all the departments, the distribution of which is as follows:

VIII-Diagram showing distribution of total number of students among the several geographical divisions.

Comparing the above diagram with Diagram VI we find that in this case both the North Atlantic and North Central Divisions have a larger proportion of students than institutions. With respect to the North Central Division this fact is due to the large number of preparatory students. Nearly 53 per cent. of the total number of such students reported are found in this section-i. e., the North Central. Here also are found a large number of students in business, music, and art departments. In the North Atlantic Division the proportion of preparatory students is comparatively small. This is especially the case in the New England States, where the total number, 112, is reported by one institution. The excellent secondary schools maintained by this section of the country relieve the colleges and universities of preparatory work, thus allowing their entire resources to be devoted to higher education. Preparatory departments in other sections of the country are being abolished as fast as the high schools attain a standard which will allow such action to be taken.

Income. The sources from which colleges and universities draw their annual income forms another interesting subject for investigation. The total income reported for 1889-90 was $10,801,918, derived from tuition fees, productive funds, Sate or municipal appropriations, and from miscellaneous sources. The ratio which the income derived from each of these sources bears to the total income is shown in the following diagram: