BOOKS RECeived.

Dodd, Mead & Co. publish the following, of which our time prevents more

than mere mention:

The Crew of the Dolphin. By HESBA STRETTON.

Free, Yet Forging Their Own Chains. By C. M. CORNWALL.

ART. XIII. THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. GERMANY.

Journal for Lutheran Theology, etc:, Zeitschrift f. d. lutherische Theologie, u. s. w.) II. 1876. The first short article, by Dr. Franz Delitzsch, is a "Talmudic Study on the name of JESUS. The conclusion of his ingenious etymological investigation is, “that the name, Jesus, in all its component parts (three) is significant of salvation. The letters S U refer to the salvation itself; the Greek S appended signifies that the Saviour is for all mankind, the Jews especially, and also the Greeks; in the JE we have the all-holy name of the God of Israel, to whom every Christian, as often as he speaks then ame of Jesus, gives the honor." The second article, by H. Elster, is on "The Idea of Perfection, in its Importance for Christian Dogmatics." He contends that "the principle of Perfection" is in every believer, though it is realized only gradually. L. Grote reviews at length the critical work on Thomas à Kempis' Imitation of Christ, by Charles Hirsche (Vol. I.), in which the latter reviews all that is known about the book and its author. He is zealous for à Kempis, and has collected an immense mass of materials (520 pages, which is but a part of his labors). A second volume is to follow. A revised edition of the Imitatio is announced, "from the autograph of Thomas" himself. Dr. Voigtländer communicates various extracts from "Dissertations of Lutheran Divines in the 17th Century," to show the range of their studies, and their interest in theological learning. The editor, among his “Miscellaniæ," is severe against the Doellinger Union projects; he has not much confidence in the theological soundness of the Old Catholics. They are certainly not as orthodox as the Old Lutherans on Justification by Faith alone.

Journal of Scientific Theology, (Zeitshrift f. wiss. Theol.) 1876. II. The editor, Dr. Hilgenfeld, continues his investigations into the sources of early Christian history by a learned investigation (52 pages) of the remains of Hegesippus, died A. D. 180, at Rome, whose "Memorials" are preserved only in some fragments reported by Eusebius, and whose representations of the Jewish character of the early Christian church have been much relied on by Baur and his school, and also by the English Unitarians. Dr. Hilgenfeld collects all the fragments (about eight pages, also to be found in Routh's Reliquiæ Sacra), with a critical commentary upon them, avoiding the extreme inferences which the Tubingen school has drawn from them; although he concedes that the primitive Christian congregation in Jerusalem, full blooded

Jewish, was the ideal of Hegesippus, as long as the blood relations of our Lord were at the head of it; and the whole church remained, he thinks, a spotless virgin, as, long as the apostles and immediate disciples of the Lord were living. After them, the strict Jewish church was scattered by the second Jewish War. Yet still, he tries to find it, in a new metropolis-that of Rome-and in the episcopal succession. The second article is by Dr. Franz Goerres on the Martyrdom of the Abbot Vincentius of Leon and his companions-a tradition of uncertain date, ranging somewhere between A. D. 460 and 560, while the Arian kings ruled over the Suevi. H. Tollin, lic. theol., continues his examination of the character and opinions of Servetus, this time discussing his Pantheism-a charge not urged at his trial, but often made since. Tollin judges that the charge had better be of Panchristism than of Pantheism. Dr. Koehler gives a valuable summary on Rabanus Maurus, the most learned cleric of the ninth century. H. Ronsch continues his valuable studies on the Itala.

Prof. Franz Delitzsch has brought out a revised text of the book of Job, on the basis of newly discovered manuscripts, from one of the Firkowitsch manuscripts, there is given a fac-simile of Job xxxvi: 1-11, with the Babylonian punctuation.

A new life of Christ has been prepared by C. Wittichen, on the basis of the three synoptical gospels, Mark, Matthew, and Luke; that of Mark being taken as the origi nal; it is called "The Life of Jesus as represented in the Original Documents."

The question of celibacy among the Old Catholics is discussed by Dr. Schulte, one of the ablest canonists in Germany, in an essay on "Enforced Celibacy and its Abolition." The Old Catholics will take a decisive forward step when they can agree on this subject. Their long halt there has been unfavorable to their progress. Prof. Dr. C. F. Keil has brought out a second enlarged edition, partly recast, of his "Handbook of Biblical Archæology," with four lithographed plates. pp. 780, $5. Ludwig Geiger has edited, for the Library of the Stuttgart Literary Union, vol. cxxvi, the Correspondence of John Reuchlin. He published, in 1871, the best life of Reuchlin. The present collection embraces all the letters from and to Reuchlin, including most of the humanists of the period.

Dr. Hausrath, of Heidelberg, is preparing a new volume of History of New Testament Times; it will cover the Post-Apostolic Period. It makes the fifth part of his work. It is promised for the end of 1876.

Dr. John Delitzsch, a son of Dr. Franz Delitzsch of Leipsick, died Feb. 3, in Italy, where he had gone for the restoration of his health. He was not yet quite thirty years old, but had already given great promise for the future. In 1872, he published a good monograph on the Doctrine of Aquinas respecting God. It was his dissertation for the doctorate. In 1872 he qualified himself as a teacher of theology in Leipsick by a Latin dissertation on the Inspiration of the Scriptures as defined by the Apostolic Fathers and the Apologists of the Second Century. In 1875 he published the first volume of a large work on the "Doctrinal System of the Roman Church," in which he unfolded the "fundamental dogma of Romanism, that respecting the church." The doctrine of the Primacy is fully elaborated. This first volume is a complete treatise in itself. In the Studien und Kritiken, 1874, he published a critical essay on the earliest traditions of the Church about Simon Peter and Simon Magus. At the time of his death he was bringing out the Lectures on Symbolism by the late Dr. Ochler. Dr. Schuerer says of him, in the Theolog. Literaturzeitung, "that

which distinguished him as a man and a teacher was his complete openness and straightforwardness. Nothing was more abhorrent to him than a painful repression of his own deepest convictions."

Two ecclesiastical bills are at present before the Prussian Landtag. One provides for the supervision by the State of the management of the diocesan property of the Roman Catholic Church. This bill has been rendered necessary by the withdrawal by deposed bishops of the diocesan funds, the Bishop of Breslau taking with him to Austria £45,000 of the diocesan money. The other measure refers to the constitution of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Its purpose is to strengthen the

position of the King as the head of the church. This is done by a provision which makes necessary a declaration of approval from the Cultus Minister necessary, before a law passed by a Provincial, or the General Synod, can be laid before the King for his sanction. Much opposition has been aroused by this measure. It is stated that Dr. Falk will resign if the bill is thrown out.

FRANCE.

The Faculty of Theology at Montauban is one of the best Protestant Faculties in France. The Revue Théologique gives a summary of the course of study, which may suggest some useful hints for our own theological schools. Professor Nicolas expounded (in the course 1873-4) the philosophy of Plato, giving an account of the different theories, and citing and discussing numerous important passages of Plato, that man was by nature a moral and religious and "sociable" being; and discussing three phases of moral theories: (1) The system of utility "well under. stood;" (2) The theory of the moral sentiment; (3) The so-called rational systems of ethics. Once a week, to a mixed audience, he discourses on the different phases of the religion of the Gauls.

Professor Pédézert read on several parts of the New Testament, especially the Apocalypse, and the first half of the Epistle to the Romans. He gave an exposition of two noted treatises of Cyprian, that on the unity of the Church, and de lapsis; also of the Epistle to Diognetus (one of the most remarkable treatises of Christian antiquity), the apologies of Justin Martyr, Tatian's Discourse to the Greeks, and the Plea of Athenagoras for Christians.

The new professor of Hebrew, M. Bruston, taught Hebrew and German, gave a history of the prophetic literature of the Hebrews, from its origin to the wreck of the kingdom of Israel, confirmed by the Assyrian inscriptions.

Professor Sardinoux defended the Fourth Gospel against its recent assailants, who attack it with so much violence because it testifies so powerfully to the supernatural, and to the divine origin of Christianity; and likewise discussed the history of the Canon of the New Testament until the fifth century.

Professor Bonifas expounded the history of the church for the first three cen turies, the conflict of Christianity with Paganism in the fourth and fifth centuries, the origin of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and the history of worship and discipline. He also read on the history of the church from Gregory VII. to the end of the eighteenth century, attaining the summit of its power under Innocent III. (10931215), and followed by the reaction, preparing the way for the Reformation, which

he described through the religious peace of Augsburg (1648), to the French Revolution (1789).

Professor Monod lectured on Christian doctrine, theology, anthropology, and soteriology. He also read on the exegesis of the Apocalypse, and gave a course on theological encyclopædia.

Professor Bois read on Christian ethics, including the apologetics of Christianity in the sense that in Christ and by Christ the ideal of humanity is realized. He also taught homiletics.

The students read eighty-five sermons, thirty-seven homilies, thirty five dissertations, and passed thirty-five examinations in theology, and 108 in theology, besides preparing fifteen essays on various theological and philosophic topics. The average of graduates sums up nearly ten from 1840 to 1850; eleven from 1850 to 1860; fifteen, 1860-1870; thirteen from 1870 to 1874. In 1874 there were twentytwo new students admitted.

In the programme for the course, 1875, two other teachers are announced, M. Wabnitz, who read on the life of Jesus and the gospel of John, and M. Monod on symbolism or the comparative theology of the different Christian churches.

Two important works on Buddhism have been published in Paris. One is the second edition of E. Burnouf's Introduction to the History of India Buddhism with a Notice by Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire. It forms the third volume of the Bibliothéque Orientale, published by Maissonneuve et Cie. The other work is a collection of essays from the Journal Asiatique, written by E. Senart, on The Legend of Buddha, its Character and Origin.

Various treatises of E. Caro of the Institute, originally published in the Revue des deux Mondes, have been collected in one volume, entitled Problems of Social Science, and published by Hachette. They are directed against the materializing and positivist tendencies, and defend the reality and independence of moral law and obligation, from the point of view of the spiritual school in France, of which M. Caro is one of the most eminent expounders. The essays are on Independent Morals; Contemporary Theories of Natural Law and Rights; the Right of Punishing; Social Progress; Human Destiny according to the recent Scientific Schools.

M. Louis Blanc, and a number of other Radical deputies in the French Assembly have given notice that they intend to bring in an amendment to the Budget, cutting off all pensions, grants, and salaries to all ecclesiastics and religious bodies. Mgr. Dupanloup, the Bishop of Orleans, has written a public letter to a member of the French Assembly, in which he protests against the recent declaration of M. Waddington, the Minister of Public Instruction, that the exclusive right of granting degrees should be restored to the State. Mgr. Dupanloup considers that the Republic has identified itself with hostility to religion. M. Waddington introduced his bill, annulling that clause of the recent University Education Law which allows free faculties to grant degrees, in the Chamber of Deputies March 24th.

Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etra ger. Mars, Avril,—II., III — 1876. This review continues in the line marked out for it, of which we spoke in our last number. J. Stuart Mill's essay on the Philosophy of Berkeley is translated from the Fortnightly Review (1871). E. Vacherot, who occupies an independent position among the French philosophers, contributes two papers on the Antecedents of the Critical (Kantian) Philosophy-giving a general review of the principles and

methods of Descartes, Leibnitz, and others on the one hand, and of the school of Locke and Hume on the other, the latter preparing the way for the critical method of Kant. He praises the acuteness of Hume in comparison with his contemporaries. But M. Vacherot himself is by no means an advocate of the narrow principles and processes of modern positivists. Th. Ribot (the editor), in a short statement of the results of recent experiments on the Duration of Psychical Acts (chiefly sensations) -gives the results of the researches of Wundt, Herbert, and Fechner, illustrating to some extent the difference of time in the physical impression and the internal consciousness-yet confessing that such modes of investigation throw no great light on the nature of consciousness itself. Leon Dumont on Habit, extends, like Spencer, the meaning of the word Habit (what one has), and says that "habit, as a force, is a mode of reacting on other forces, which mode of reaction itself results from the action which other forces have before exerted upon itself." L. Liard, on the Notions of Genus and Species in the Natural Sciences, concedes the provisional character of many of the current classifications, contending with Agassiz, that "these are only successive approximations to the system of nature also.” Dr. Howe's Report on Laura Bridgeman's case (in the 43d Annual Report of the Blind Asylum), is analyzed at some length. The Review also contains notices of quite a number of recent German works, and summaries of the contents of foreign philosophical journals. Among the latter, it speaks highly of Mamiani's La Filosofia della Scuole Italiane, published every two months at Rome, and says it does not see how its principles really differ from those of the French spiritual school of philosophy.

ENGLAND.

A Common Place-Book of John Milton was discovered in 1874, in the library of Sir Frederick Graham of Netherby, and has been edited by A. F. Horwood, of the Middle Temple, for the Camden Society. It consists chiefly of extracts from various works, showing Milton's wide range of reading, but with slight comments. They are distributed under three heads-Ethical, Economical, and Political—the last occupying 38 pages of the reprint, and the rest 20 pages. On marriage and divorce there is quite a variety of extracts and examples. Many of the political and poetical extracts are used in Milton's later works. There are passages from Dante, Ariosto (one), Chaucer, Spenser (as the author of a tract on Ireland), but none from Shakespeare. There is a defense of Tragedy against Tertullian, Cyprian, and Lactantius.

A Volume of Remains of Archbishop Leighton, from MSS. recently discovered in the Bodleian Library, has been edited by Rev. W. West, the editor of the best edition of Leighton's works, in six vols. This new volume contains 27 Sermons, papers on "The Accommodation and Indulgence," and on The Rule of Conscience Considered according to the Four Causes of Things,' which last appears only in Jerment's edition, 1808. It also has a full bibliographical list of Leighton's works, with an account of the various editors and editions, and a glossary. The recently issued edition of Leighton, in six volumes, has not, it is said, been financially successful; and these Remains are published by a Leighton Club