we should follow resolutely their austere guidance. When they cease, as cease they must, we must use as best we can those fainter powers of apprehension and surmise and sensitiveness by which, after all, most high truth has been reached as well as most high art and poetry: careful always really to seek for truth and not for our own emotional satisfaction, careful not to neglect the real needs of men and women through basing our life on dreams; and remembering above all to walk gently in a world where the lights are dim and the very stars wander.

This fine statement raises another point, with the discussion of which we shall conclude this chapter and our book. Religion, however personal it may be, has a social responsibility. It is not sufficient that the religious experience should issue in an intensely satisfying ecstasy; it must also reshape, reform, and reorient the life of the experiencer, or it is on a par with every narrow sensuous titillation and excitement. Religion must be judged in terms of its fruits in an enriched and deepened life. This is but another way of saying that the criteria of a satisfactory religious life are to be found in its harmonious correspondence to the whole sum of our activities-"The test of a religion lies in its relation to what is, as such, nonreligious, viz., to the best moral, spiritual, esthetic, and intellectual consciousness of the age as manifested in conduct, thought, ideals, and so forth. While these standards may be regarded as external to religion, considered abstractly, they are not external to the religious man, since it is in men that ideals have their loci, and it is through the actions of men that they enter into and reshape the world.

REFERENCES

"36

1 Harald Höffding, quoted by J. H. Leuba, A Psychological Study of Religion; Its origin, function, and future (N. Y., Macmillan, 1912), 202.

2 Eric S. Waterhouse, The Philosophy of Religious Experience (London, Epworth Press, 1923), 26.

3 R. H. Lowie, Primitive Religion (N. Y., Boni and Liveright, 1924), 12-14.

4 J. T. Shotwell, The Religious Revolution of Today (Boston, Houghton Mifflin,

1913), 101-103.

R. R. Marett, Anthropology (Home Univ. Lib.), 212.

• Leuba, 30.

7

J. B. Pratt, The Religious Consciousness, A psychological study (N. Y, Macmillan, 1920), 342.

8 Saint Augustine, Confessions. Trans., by E. B. Pusey (Oxford, Parker, 1853), 186, Book X, Chap. 6.

9 William Wordsworth, Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey. 10 See, for example, Edna St. Vincent Millay, God's World; or her Renascence. 11 John Keats, Endymion, opening lines.

12 Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book Lambda, Chap. 10, trans. in Robert Bridges, The Spirit of Man, An anthology in English and French made by the poet laureate in 1915 (London, Longmans, Green, 1916), No. 39.

13 William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, A study in human nature (N. Y., Longmans, Green, 1902), 82-83.

14 James, 157-158.

15 James, 227.

16 Cf. John Stuart Mill. Autobiography (N. Y., Columbia Univ. Press, 1925); Henry James (ed.), The Letters of William James (2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1920); Havelock Ellis, The Dance of Life (Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1923), 208-226. The case reported on pp. 160-161 of James's Varieties of Religious Experience is autobiographical. The quotation in our text is from Ellis, 218-219.

17 This matter is also interestingly discussed in Pratt, 122-164, esp. 148 f., where he attempts to trace the origins of the traditional view.

18 Pratt, 135.

19 Anna Robeson Burr, Religious Confessions and Confessants, with a chapter on the history of introspection (Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1914), 349; James, 408-409. 20 Edward Westermarck, The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas (2 vols., London, Macmillan, 1908), 355.

21 Friedrich von Hügel, The Mystical Element of Religion as studied in Saint Catherine of Genoa and her friends (2 vols., London, Dent, 1923), Vol. 1, 59.

22 Romans, 12:4-5, 17-18; 13:7-8.

23 J. H. Leuba, A Psychological Study of Religion, Its origin, function, and future (N. Y., Macmillan, 1912), 311.

24 A. C. McGiffert, The Rise of Modern Religious Ideas (N. Y., Macmillan, 1922), 274-277.

25 Ency. Americana, Vol. 23 (1919), opp. p. 358.

26 R. E. Hume, The World's Living Religions, An historical sketch with special reference to their sacred scriptures and in comparison with Christianity (Rev. ed., N. Y., Scribner's, 1925), 12.

27 E. O. Watson (ed.), Year Book of the Churches, 1924-5 (Balt., Stohlmann, 1924), 402-403.

28 J. A. Thomson, Some impressions of America, Aberdeen Univ. Rev., July, 1925, 195.

29 Watson, 401.

30 Pratt, 200.

31 See James, 439-442, for the quotation (from Newman) from which these attributes were taken.

32 A. N. Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (N. Y., Macmillan, 1926), 256-257.

33 A. E. Taylor, Saint Thomas Aquinas as a Philosopher (Oxford, Blackwell 1924), 8-10, 15-16.

34 J. A. Thomson, Introduction to Science (N. Y., Holt, 1911), 222–223.

35 Gilbert Murray, Four Stages of Greek Religion (N. Y., Columbia Univ. Press, 1912), 152-153.

36 S. A. Cook, Religion, in Ency. of Relig. and Ethics, Vol. 10, 692.

God, 420-1, 423f., 441f., 444

Masochism, 122-3, 240n.

Mathematics, 56, 142, 225n., 393-7, 403
Maturation, 85-6

Meanings, 90, 92-3, 136-7, 233-6. See
also Symbols

Mendel, 10-1, 281-2

Metabolism, 6

Methods. See Techniques

Greek views, 45-6, 61, 65n., 167-8, Money, 288

354-5, 383-4, 388

Habit, 21, 85, 87, 105, 189-92, 246

Heredity, 8, 10-5, 120, 164-5
Heterosexuality, 122

History, 59-62

Homosexuality, 121-2

Hypotheses, 400, 401n., 403-10
Hysteria, 173-4

Ideals, 45-6, 145, 249-53
Imaginary companion, 96–7

Imagination, 139-42, 368-70, 403-5f.
Imperialism, 304-5,
Impulse, 113, 245-6

Individual differences, 26, 119, 153-7
Individualism, 64-7, 290-4f., 298, 321-2
Induction, 137

Mores, 255-7

Mother fixation, 110-1, 121
Motility, 7, 159
Motivation, 22-3

Motor processes, 75f., 79
Mutation, II
Mysticism, 432-3

Nationalism, 58-9

Natural objects in art, 351-3, 365-6,

114, 319

Neurones, 75

Newspapers, 269-72

Noncommercial incentives, 314-7
Nonconscious factors, 126-30

Industrialism, 36-7, 183–4, 207–22, 299- Normality, 245-6

324, 333-5

Inhibition, 104-5,

Instinct, 20-1, 165n.

Institutions, 38-42

Instruments. See Tools

Science, 9n., 56-7, 64–5, 91, 142, 185–6, Uses, organization of, 92-3