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want of funds for the endowment of new parishes has often been assigned as an insurmountable obstacle to the work. But is not this to forget whence our original endowments came-from the piety of wealthy Churchmen. The same source is open yet; and we doubt not, if a plan devised by the wisdom of the Church were enjoined, many faithful sons of the Church would again be ready with endowments. At present, how can we expect persons to afford funds according to the provisions of an Act, which, though binding to-day, may be amended tomorrow, and thus the funds of endowment be applied quite differently from what the donor designed?

But the Church has within herself ample funds for endowing additional parishes. In saying this, we are no advocates for impoverishing Cathedral establishments in order to enrich the working Clergy. These most sacred treasures we dare not touch, remembering the awful denunciation under which they were dedicated to God and His Church. What we want to see is the restoration of impropriations to those to whom they of right belong-the parochial clergy. As Bishop Bull truly said, these impropriations are the scandal of our reformation. Many parishes which before that event were amply provided with the means of grace, are now spiritually destitute, the means of grace and the population having proceeded in an inverse ratio. The result is obvious; the Church is paralyzed; dissent is rampant, and the Clergy impoverished. We the more willingly call attention to this great obstacle to the efficient exercise of the Priest's office, as we believe that the source of the evil is very generally admitted, and efforts are being made to remedy it. Several impropriators have already made restoration, and a society is now organized, we believe, with a view to give an equivalent, to those who are unwilling to make the restoration voluntarily. Although there is at present no cause to suspect the disinterestedness of the society in question, the recollection of the evil of an institution which in other days professed the same object, should teach us to watch over its proceedings. Meanwhile, we heartily wish the "Church

Endowment Society" GoD speed!

From what we have said, it will be inferred that we consider an increased number of deacons necessary to the effectual performance of the Priest's office; but on this subject we cannot now enter.

Still, if our parishes by subdivision, or by an increased number of churches and Clergy, of each order, were brought within the possibility of pastoral superintendence, the want of discipline amongst us, and the present anomalous state of the Church in relation to the State and to dissent, would invest the execution of the Priest's office with, perhaps, its most perplexing difficulty. Under ordinary circumstances, those who are separated from the services and communion of the Church, are either heathens who as yet are not elected unto CHRIST'S Mystical Body-or heretics, who for pertinaciously denying some truth which has been certainly revealed, are denounced as corrupters of the faith, or persons excommunicated on account of false doctrine, heresy, schism, or ungodly living. As regards these several classes, a Priest has no difficulty in acting according to the prescribed rules of the Church. The heathen, he is bound to use all lawful means to bring to

the knowledge of CHRIST. The heretic, he is pledged to denounce and censure. The excommunicated for ungodly living, he must condemn, indeed, but still with a view to their repentance, and restoration to that Communion whose Divine privileges they have forfeited for a time, until a sincere repentance and full confession render them worthy of absolution. But in the present day, the Priest has to do with those who are voluntarily separated from the Church, whether as heretics, schismatics, or profane persons; many of whom glory in that separation, and not a few, so far from showing signs of contrition or sorrow, openly denounce and abuse the Church; and yet to a certain extent can, whenever they see fit, demand her ministrations. And all this while the ler scripta of the Church expressly declares such persons to be ipso facto excommunicate, and not to be restored until they have repented of their wicked errors. This is a discrepancy between the law and practice of the Church, (not to mention the opposition between the Church and State,) which in a conscientious mind must ever induce much of anxious perplexity; and, as before observed, it is this feature (accidental, and in a great measure peculiar to our own Communion, we admit), which forms the chief difficulty now.

How, then, is a Priest to act under such circumstances? From the fulfilment of his ordination vow, to banish and drive away as far as he can, all false and erroneous doctrine, no earthly power can release him. But the question is, how is he to impress upon those who hold them, a sense of the wickedness of their opinions? To church they never go. From their own houses the Priest is excluded, should he present himself as he ought to do in that capacity, for he will scarcely visit as a friend or neighbour where he must sink his office of Priest. Separatists have in many instances united themselves to voluntary societies, which they esteem superior to the Church. What, then, is to be done? We confess that this question is much sooner put than answered. However, in the present state of things there are several ways of acting, the simple statement of which will show which is the best calculated to meet the case. There is an open denunciation of dissent, both in the pulpit and in private. There is public and private fraternising with dissenters under the impression that each man has a right to choose his own creed, in the same way that he chooses his coat or his horse. Another method would leave dissenters entirely to themselves, not from the latitudinarian motive just stated, but as being in itself a sin, from the perpetrators of which the faithful should withdraw themselves. Another course yet remains to be mentioned :the constant inculcation of truth both in public and private, without any pointed allusion to the sin of dissent or its various features combined with such a bearing, as shows a deep conviction of its sinfulness, and of unfeigned sorrow for those who are its victims. In other words, the preaching of truth dogmatically, not controversially, and evincing in our outward conduct more of pity than of anger towards dissenters. At the same time, of course, presenting in our ministrations, as fair an image of the Church to the separatist as we can, by acting up to her requirements; and bringing out, feature by feature, the beauty of her holiness; bestowing our pastoral care upon all our parishioners, as far

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as we are able to do so consistently, dissenters as well as Churchmen, and enforcing all we say and do by the visible rhetoric of a self-denying, laborious, and saintly life.

Such, then, are amongst the obvious methods of dealing with dissenting parishioners, for such they are, in the present anomalous state of our discipline, and of the various relations of the Church both to the State and to dissent. For our own part we incline to the last method, not only as being likely to be the most successful, but also under present circumstances the most charitable, and therefore the most in accordance with Scripture. For when we consider that it is the negligence, or something worse, of the Church herself which has occasioned the great mass of sectaries, we should be very careful of showing unnecessary harshness towards those who are sinners from our own neglect. We are verily guilty concerning our brother.

In saying this we must not be understood to sanction any temporising principle, or any abatement of the truth in respect of dissenters. Far from it. If we preach the Gospel, we shall preach against dissent as well as against other sins. Only let us speak the truth in love, and deal tenderly unto those for whose Christian education and worship the Church has not provided, and whose schism has in too many instances been either sanctioned by the false teaching, or confirmed by the indifference or the ungodly lives of our predecessors in the Priest's office. It was no doubt some such a conviction as this which occasioned Bishop Bull so often to observe-" I would not be so presumptuous as to say positively, that I am able to bear so great a trial, but according to my sincere thoughts of myself, I could, through GoD's assistance, lay down my life upon condition that they who dissent from the Church of England were united in her Communion."

ENGLISH SCENERY, AND THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL OF POETS.

ANY one who studies the scenery of our beautiful island with an observant eye will perceive that it may be divided into two clear, distinctly marked divisions; divisions, not arising from political feuds, or the long quiet attrition of conflicting races, the records, it may be, of continuous follies, and conspicuous crimes, but stamped upon the land from the beginning, the seal of Her CREATOR, the pledge and the accomplishment of that varied beauty, which is her own appropriate heritage. The two divisions are the rocky and the unrocky regions. We are no geologists, we cannot tell that this stratum is older than another, and why one form is here and another there; but we have eyes to see the results of Divine command, and we cannot fail to notice how markedly distinct those portions of England are in which we may expect to see the rocks peeping up from the level of the soil, and those in which we may not.

The line of southern coast, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, and Hants, and Dorsetshire, presents an infinite variety of rural loveliness, with great imposing majesty at times, and even wildness, as in the heathy pine-woods of Bagshot; and where Leith Hill, like a black northern moor, erects its rough and tower-crowned head, while on the one side the level tract of thickly wooded Sussex flows like an ocean to its base, and on the other, round a rich and smiling valley, congregate tributary yet still impressive heights clothed in profuse vesture of evergreen; or again, amid the stately hills of velvet down, that with quiet nooks, and little creeks of most secluded valley that cluster round the church at Lavington; or those few sheds at Bignor, covering the last slight relics of the mighty Roman Empire and Britain's ancient Cymric race: while in the copse-crowned swells of Kent we find an unbroken spectacle of richness, alike in general feature but varied enough in its detail to be always attractive, always beautiful, but still we see no rocks at all, excepting here and there, as where at Tunbridge Wells, a few masses of sandstone peep up from tangled furze, but yet not enough to add a feature to the landscape, or save the district from its characteristic want. Rocks, we need not say, are not to be looked for in Essex, or Norfolk, or Lincolnshire, nor in the more picturesque, but still characterless regions of Northamptonshire, Hertfordshire, and Berkshire; and but few are found in the rich oak soil of Warwickshire, As we approach the West of England the scene changes-Somerset boasts her Cheddar Pass, and in Devonshire the full luxuriance of rock bursts forth, and in Cornwall we behold the same sterner, more barren types of the same scenery. Crossing the Bristol Channel we reach the ancient stronghold of the British race, and there we find the rocky character predominant. Let us follow it till it terminates where Menai and the broad sea meet, and then striking inland in a south-easterly direction, we shall soon find it again in the extreme angle of Cheshire, but here we do not at present rest. Our course carries us on to Leicestershire, at whose north-western angle we discover a wild and almost isolated and mountainous tract, Charnwood Forest; this soon spreads out in northern Derbyshire and north-eastern Staffordshire, and that little nook of otherwise level Cheshire, into that district which, from the name of its Derbyshire portion of it, we may call the Peak Country, although in Staffordshire its distinctive appellation is the Moorlands, and in Cheshire, Macclesfield Forest: but for the present let us continue our flight. The bold grouse mountains of the northern edge of Derbyshire extend into Yorkshire, and ramify over that vast county, leaving, however, the lower portion of the rich plain of the Ouse to be the property of the other division of England. From Yorkshire they spread into that of late days songful land,

Where Westmoreland to west, by wide Wynander Mere,
The Eboracean fields her to the rising bound,

Thence onward to Cumberland and Northumberland, where we stop, and leave to others to trace the rocky and unrocky regions of Scotland. It will be perceived by this sketch, that generally the eastern portions of our isle are free from rocks, while the western division abounds with

them. Of course we put out of the question sea-shore rocks as found round all the coasts of England.

But instead of discoursing generally about English scenery, we will proceed to describe a portion of our native land, which has had but very little justice done to it; we mean the mountainous districts of Derbyshire and the adjoining counties; and this we shall make the basis of some critical remarks upon a taste for the picturesque. Mr. Wordsworth, in his eloquent "Guide to the Lakes," places his readers on a lofty peak, round which, like the spokes of a mighty wheel, the mountains and the valleys congregate. We shall do the same for our district-there, too, an elevated spot is found from which, in various directions, the waters flow. Axe Edge, near Buxton, is proved to be the highest ground of all the region, although itself not two thousand feet above the sea, so much on pure beauty and diversity of outline, so little on size does the wild and mountainous character of the district depend. On Axe Edge three counties join, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Cheshire. We will begin northwards-a black-water rivulet gushes down the mountain side, wending its way over large flat slabs of sandstone, cradled amid heath, and bilberry, and soft black earth; anon, it swells into a little brook, and flows with a rapid stream along the valley on the Manchester side of Buxton, which divides in its course Derbyshire from Cheshire. The little laughing Goyt in time becomes the mighty Mersey. At Whaley Bridge another valley strikes to the right from Goyt Dale, which soon expands into a large, rich wooded amphitheatre, encircling a lake, which, for its singular felicity of position we cannot but wish had been natural. It is, however, the reservoir of a canal, and near it is the ancient town of Chapel-en-le-Frith. Striking over one of the loftiest of the surrounding hills and pursuing a direction due north, we arrive at last at the thriving manufacturing town of Glossop, situated at the base of moor-clad mountains extending into Yorkshire, of less diversified, but perhaps more gigantic outline than those from which we started on our flight. From heights over Glossop extends south-eastward a long romantic valley, called the Woodlands, while across its barren mountain to the south, runs the wider, more productive valley of Edale. From the Woodlands we soon reach the rich and spreading valley of Hope, at one extremity of which Castleton lies nestling under protecting rocks, which form the entrance into the famous cavern of the Peak, where still the subterraneous boat floats upon sunless waters, and over its vast yawning portal frowns the ruin of the ancient castle of Peverel. Let us return to Buxton from Castleton, and as we climb the many terraces of the adjoining mountain, ever and anon turn back to catch fresh phases of the splendid landscape. This mountain rejoices in a majestic British title, Mam Tor, the mother mountain, so called because from the rolling fragments of loose-textured soil, small congregated hillocks have grown up beneath its sheltering cliff.

We now resume our acrie, and as we look towards the rising sun, our eyes are first attracted by the lower height between us and Buxton. On the further side of this hill a small dark opening leads to Poole's Hole, a gloomy chasm, once, as tradition tells us, tenanted by an outlaw

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