Unclaimed moneys, deposit of, by savings banks.... SEC. 135 Unlawful circulation of notes by individual bankers, penalty of.. 65 Unsafe bank, superintendent to take possession of.... 70 17 17 Use of sign indicating bank by unauthorized persons, prohibited 92 .... forfeiture for... to recover back 55 55 55 V. Vacancy in trustees of savings banks.... .107-110 Verification of reports to superintendent.. 20 Verified statement by mortgage, loan and investment companies 201 54 Vice-presidents of banks, powers of........ 54 Violation of charter, how superintendent to act upon. 18 18 companies, permission and certificate of superintendent for. 31 Void securities by unauthorized banks or bankers... CHAP. 677. AN ACT relating to the construction of statutes constituting chapter one of the general laws. APPROVED by the Governor May 18, 1892. Passed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: CHAPTER I OF THE GENERAL LAWS. THE STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION LAW. SECTION 1. Short titie; extent of application. 28. Standard time. 29. Civil and criminal codes. 30. Laws of England and of the colony of New York. 81. Limiting the effect of repealing statutes. 82. Existing laws included in revision not to be construed as new enacr ments. SECTION 33. Effect of revision upon laws passed at same session or before revis ion takes effect. 34. Alterations of titles and head notes. 35. Laws repealed. 36. Time of taking effect. SECTION 1. Short title; extent of application.-This chapter shall be known as the statutory construction law, and is applicable to every statute unless its general object, or the context of the language construed, or other provisions of law indicate that a different meaning or application was intended from that required to be given by this chapter. § 2. Property.-The term property includes real and personal property. § 3. Real property.— The term real property includes real estate, lands, tenements and hereditaments, corporeal and incorporeal. § 4. Personal property. The term personal property includes chattels, money, things in action, and all written instruments themselves, as distinguished from the rights or interests to which they relate, by which any right, interest, lien or incumbrance in, to or upon property, or any debt or financial obligation is created, acknowledged, evidenced, transferred, discharged or defeated, wholly or in part, and everything, except real property, which may be the subject of ownership. The term chattels includes goods and chattels. -- § 5. Person. The term person includes a corporation and a joint stock association. When used to designate a party whose property may be the subject of any offense, the term person also includes the state, or any other state, government or country which may lawfully own property in the state. § 6. Judge. The term judge includes every judicial officer authorized, alone or with others, to hold or preside over a court of record. § 7. Lunacy; idiocy. The terms lunatic and lunacy include every kind of unsoundness of mind except idiocy. § 8. Gender; number; tense.- Words of the masculine gender include the feminine and the neuter, and may refer to a corporation, or to a board or other body or assemblage of persons; and, when the sense so indicates, words of the neuter gender may refer to any gender. The term men includes boys and the term women includes girls. Words in the singular number include the plural, and in the plural number include the singular. Words in the present tense include the future. 9. Heretofore; hereafter; now. -- Each of the terms, hereto fore, and hereafter, in any provision of a statute, relates to the time such provision takes effect. The term now in any provision of a statute reterring to other laws in force, or to persons in office, or to any facts or circumstances as existing, relates to the laws in force, or the person in office, or to the facts or circumstances, existing, respectively, immediately before the taking effect of such provision. $10 Last; preceding; next; following. A reference to the last or preceding section, or other provision of a statute, means the section or other division immediately preceding, and a reference to the next or following section or other division of statute means the section or other division immediately following. § 11. Folio. A folio is one hundred words, counting as a word each figure necessarily used. § 12. Writing; signature. The terms writing and written include every legible representation of letters upon a material substance, except when applied to the signature of an instrument. The term signature includes any memorandum, mark or sign, written or placed upon any instrument or writing with intent to execute or authenticate such instrument or writing. § 13. Seal. The private seal of a person, other than a corporation, to any instrument or writing shall consist of a wafer, wax or other similar adhesive substance affixed thereto, or of paper or other similar substance affixed thereto, by mucilage or other adhesive substance, or of the word "seal," or the letters "L. S.," opposite the signature. A seal of a court, public officer or corporation may be impressed directly upon the instrument or writing to be sealed, or upon wafer, wax or other adhesive substance affixed thereto, or upon paper or other similar substance affixed thereto by mucilage or other adhesive substance. An instrument or writing duly executed, in the corporate name of a corporation, which shall not have adopted a corporate seal, by the proper officers of the corporation under their private seals, shall be deemed to have been executed under the corporate seal. §14. Oath; affidavit; swear. The terms oath and affidavit include every mode authorized by law of attesting the truth of that which is stated. The term swear includes every mode authorized by law of administering an oath. When an affidavit is authorized or required it may be worn to before any officer authorized by law to take the acknowledgment of deeds in this state, unless a particular officer is specified before whom it is to be taken. of $15. Acknowledge; acknowledgment.- When the execution any instrument or writing is authorized or required by law to be |