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the words, without equivocation or mental refervation k. It cannot oblige to fin; but in any thing not finful, being taken, it binds to performance, altho' to a man's own hurt /. Nor is it to be violated, altho' made to hereticks or infidels m.

V. A vow is of the like nature, with a promiffory oath, and ought to be made with the like religious care, and to be performed with the like faithfulness n. Vl. It

IV. k Jer. iv. 2. (See letter g.) Pfal. χχίν. 4. He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart, who hath not lift up his foul unto vanity, nor fworn deceitfully.

II Sam. xxv. 22. So and more alfo do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him, by the morning light, any that piffeth againft the wall. v. 32. And David faid unto Abigail, Bleffed be the Lord God of Ifrael, who feat thee this day to meet me: v. 33. And bleffed be thy advice, and bleffed be thou that haft kept me this day from coming to fhed blood, and from avenging myfelf with mine own hand. v. 34. For in very deed, as the Lord God of Ifrael liveth, who hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hafted and come to meet me, furely there had not been left unto Nabal, by the morning light, any that piffeth against the wall. Pfal. XV. 4. In whofe eyes a vile perfon is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the Lord: He that fweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not.

m Ezek. xvii. 16. As I live, faith the Lord God, Surely in this place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whofe oath he defpifed, and whofe covenant he brake, even with him, in the midft of Babylon he fhall die. v. 18. Seeing he defpifed the oath, by breaking of the covenant; (when lo he had given his hand) and hath done all these things, he fhall not efcape. v. 19. Therefore thus faith the Lord God, As I live, furely mine oath that he hath defpifed, and my covenant that

he hath broken, even it will I recompenfe upon his own head. Jofh. ix. 18. And the children of Ifrael fmote them not, because the princes of the congregation had fworn unto them by the Lord God of Ifrael: and all the congregation murmured against the princes. v. 19. But all the princes faid unto all the congregation, We have fworn unto them by the Lord God of Ifrael: now therefore we may not touch them. With 2 Sam. xxi. I. Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the Lord. And the Lord an fwered, it is for Saul and his bloody houfe, because he flew the Gibeonites.

V. 2 Ifa. xix. 21. And the Lord fhall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians fhall know the Lord in that day, and fhall do facrifice and oblation, yea, they fhall vow a vow unto the Lord, and perform it. Eccl. v. 4. When thou voweft a vow unto God, defer not to pay it: for he hath no pleasure in fools; pay that which thou haft vowed. v. 5. Better it is that thou fhouldft not vow, than that thou fhouldft vow and not pay. v. 6. Suffer not thy mouth to caufe thy fleth to fin, neither fay thou before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry at thy voice, and deftroy the work of thine hands? Pfal. lxi. 8. So will I fing praife unto thy name for ever, that I may daily perform my vows. Pfal. Ixvi. 13. I will go into thy houfe with burnt-offerings: I will pay thee my vows, v. 14. Which

my

VI. It is not to be made to any creature, but to God alone o: and, that it may be accepted, it is to be made voluntarily, out of faith, and confcience of duty, in way of thankfulness for mercy received, or for the obtaining of what we want; whereby we more ftrictly bind ourselves to neceffary duties, or to other things, fo far and fo long as they may fitly conduce thereunto p.

VII. No man may vow to do any thing forbidden in the word of God, or what would hinder any duty therein commanded, or which is not in his own power, and for the performance whereof he hath no promife or ability from God q. In which refpects, popifir

my lips have uttered, and my mouth hath spoken waen I was in trouble.

VI. o Pfal. Ixxvi. 11. Vow and pay unto the Lord your God: let all that be round about him bring prefents unto him that ought to be feared. Jer. xliv. 25. Thus faith the Lord of hofts, the God of Ifrael, faying, Ye and your wives have both fpoken with your mouths, and fulfilled with your hands, faying, We will furely perform our vows that we have vowed, to burn incenfe to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her: ye will furely accomplish your vows, and furely perform your vows. V. 26. Therefore, hear ye the word of the Lord, all Judah that dwell in the land of Egypt, Behold, I have fworn by my great name, faith the Lord, that my náme shall no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah, in all the land of Egypt, faying, The Lord God liveth.

p Deut. xxiii. 21. When thou shalt vow a vow unto the Lord thy God, thou shalt not flack to pay it for the Lord thy God will furely require it of thee; and it would be fin in thee, v. 22. But if thou fhalt forbear to vow, it fhall be no fin in thee. v. 23. That which is gone out of thy lips, thou fhalt keep and perform; even a freewill-offering, according as thou haft vowed unto the Lord thy God, which

thou haft promifed with thy mouth, Pfal. 1. 14. Offer unto God thankfgiving, and pay thy vows unto the most High. Gen. xxviii. 20. And Jacob vowed a vow, faying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on; v. 21. So that I come again to my fathers houfe in peace: then fhall the Lord be my God. v. 22. And this ftone, which I have fet for a pillar, fhall be God's houfe: and of all that thou fhait give me, I will furely give the tenth unto thee. 1 Sam. i. 11. And the vowed a vow, and faid, O Lord of hofts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but will give unto thine handmaid a manchild, then will I give him unto the Lord all the days of his life, and there fhall no razor come upon his head. Pfal. lxvi. 13, 14. (See letter n.) Pfal. cxxxii. 2. How he fware unto the Lord, and vowed unto the mighty God of Jacob. v. 3. Surely I will not come into the tabernacle of my houfe, nor go up into my bed: v. 4. I will not give fleep to mine eyes, or flumber to mine eye-lids, v. 5. Until I find out a place for the Lord, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob.

VII. q Acts xxiii. 12. And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together,

popish monaftical vows of perpetual fingle life, profeffed poverty, and regular obedience, are fo far from being degrees of higher perfection, that they are fuperftitious and finful fnares, in which no Christian may intangle himself r.

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Civil Magiftrate.

OD, the fupreme Lord and King of all the world, hath ordained civil magiftrates to be under him, over the people, for his own glory, and the publick good; and, to this end, hath armed them with the power of the fword, for the defence and encouragement of them that are good, and for the punishinent of evil-doers a.

together, and bound themfelves under a curfe, faying, that they would neither eat nor drink, till they had killed Paul. v. 14. And they came to the chief priests and elders, and faid, We have bound ourfelves under a great curfe, that we will eat nothing until we have flain Paul. Mark vi. 26. And the king was exceeding forry, yet for his oath's fake, and for their fakes who fat with him, he would not reject her. Num. xxx. 5. But if her father difallow her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith the hath bound her foul, shall stand: and the Lord fhall forgive her, because her father difallowed her. v. 8. But if her husband difallow her on the day that he heard it; then he fhall make her vow which fhe vowed, and that which the uttered with her lips, wherewith fhe bound her foul, of none effect and the Lord thall forgive her. v. 12. But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips, concerning her vows, or concerning the bond of her foul, fhall not ftand: her husband hath made them void, and the Lord fhall forgive her. v. 13. Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the

:

II. It foul, her hufband may establish it, or her husband may make it void.

r Mat. xix. II. But he faid unto them, All men cannot receive this faying, fave they to whom it is given. v. 12. For there are fome eunuchs, who were fo born from their mothers womb: and there are fome eunuchs, who were made eunuchs of men and there be eunuchs, who have made themfelves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's fake: he that is able to receive it, let him receive it. I Cor. vii. 2. Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband. v. 9. But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn. Eph. iv. 28. Let him that ftole, fteal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth. I Pet. iv. 2. That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh, to the lufts of men, but to the will of God. 1 Cor. vii. 23. Ye are bought with a price, be not ye the fervants of men.

I. a Rom. xiii. 1. Let every foul be. fubject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the

powers

II. It is lawful for Chriftians to accept and execute the office of a magiftrate, when called thereunto b: in the managing whereof, as they ought especially to maintain piety,. juftice and peace, according to the wholfom laws of each common-wealth c; fo, for that end, they may lawfully, now under the New Teftament, wage war upon juft and neceffary occafions d.

III. The civil magiftrate may not affume to himself the adminiftration of the word and facraments, or the power of the keys

powers that be, are ordained of God. v. 2. Whofoever therefore refifteth the power, refifteth the ordinance of God: and they that refift, fhall receive to themselves damnation. v. 3. For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praife of the fame. v. 4. For he is the minifter of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the fword in vain: for he is the minifter of God, a revenger, to execute wrath upon him that doth evil. 1 Pet. ii. 13. Submit felves to eyour very ordinance of man for the Lord's fake: whether it be to the king as fupreme, v. 14. Or unto governors, as unto them that are fent by him, for the punishment of evil-doers, and for the praise of them that do well.

II. b Prov. viii. 15. By me kings reign, and princes decree juftice. v. 16. By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth. Rom. xiii. 1, 2, 4. (See in letter a.)

c Pfal. ii. 1o. Be wife now therefore, O ye kings: be inftructed, ye judges of the earth. v. II. Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. v. 12. Kifs the Son, left he be angry, and ye perifh from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little; bleffed are all they that put their trust in him. I Tim. ii. 2. For kings, and for all that are in authority, that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in

3.

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all godlinefs and honefly. Pfal. lxxxii, Defend the poor and fatherlefs: do juftice to the afflicted and needy: v. Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked. 2 Sam. xxiii. 3. The God of Ifrael faid, the Rock of Ifrael fpake to me, He that ruleth over men must be juft, ruling in the fear of God. 1 Pet, ii. 13. (See in letter a.)

d Luke iii. 14. And the foldiers likewife demanded of him, faying, And what fhall we do? And he faid unto them, Do violence to no man, neither accufe any falfly, and be content with your wages. Rom. xiii. 4. (fee letter a.) Mat viii. 9. For I am a man under authority, having foldiers under me and I fay to this man, Go, and he goeth and to another, Come, and he cometh and to my fervant, Do this, and he doeth it. V. IO. When Jefus heard it, he marvelled, and faid to them that followed, Verily, I fay unto you, I have not found fo great faith, no not in Ifrael. Acts x. I. There was a certain man in Cefarea called Cornelius, a Centurion of the band called the Italian band, v. 2. A devout man, and one that feared God with all his gave

houfe, who much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway. Rev. xvii. 14. Thefe fhall ma war with

the Lamb, and the Lamb fhall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings; and they that are with him, are called, and chofen, and

faithful.

keys of the kingdom of heaven e: yet he hath authority, and it is his duty, to take order, that unity and peace be preferved in the church, that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, that all blafphemies and herefies be fuppreffed, all corruptions and abufes in worship and difcipline prevented or reformed; and all the ordinances of God duly fettled, adminiftred, and obferved f, for the better effecting whereof, he hath power to call fynods,

faithful. v. 16. And the ten horns which thou faweft upon the beaft, thefe fhall hate the whore, and fhall make her defolate, and naked, and fhall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.

III. e Chron. xxvi. 18. And they withflood Uzziah the king, and faid unto him, it appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incenfe unto the Lord, but to the priests the fons of Aaron, that are confecrated to burn incenfe: go out of the fanctuary, for thou haft trefpaffed: neither fhall it be for thine honour from the Lord God. With Mat. xviii. 17. And if he fhall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church; but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man, and a publican. And Mat. xvi. 19. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatfoever thou fhalt bind on earth, fhall be bound in heaven: and what foever thou shalt loofe on earth, fhall be loofed in heaven. I Cor. xii. 28. And God hath fet fome in the church, firft apoftles, fecondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diverfities of tongues. v. 29. Are all apoftles? are all prophets? are all teachers? are all workers of miracles

Eph. iv. II. And he gave fome, apoftles and fome, prophets: and fome, Evangelifts: and fome, paftors, and teachers; v. 12. For the perfecting of the faints, for the work of the miniftry, for the edifying of the body of Chrift, 1 Cor. iv. 1. Let a man fo account of us, as of the minifters of

to

Chrift, and ftewards of the myfteries of God. v. 2. Moreover it is required in ftewards, that a man be found faithful. Rom. x. 15. And how fhall they preach, except they be fent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gofpel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! Heb. v. 4. And no man taketh thishonour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.

f Ifa. xlix. 23. And kings fhall be thy nurfing fathers, and their queens thy nurfing mothers: they fhall bow down to thee with their face towards the earth, and lick up the duft of thy feet, and thou shalt know that I am the Lord for they fhall not be afhamed that wait for me, Pfal. cxxii. 9. Becaufe of the houfe of the Lord our God, I will feek thy good. Ezra vii. 23. Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be diligently done, for the houfe of the God of heaven: for why fhould there be wrath against the realm of the king and his fons, v. 25. And thou, Ezra, after the wifdom of thy God, that is in thine hand, fet magiftrates and judges, who may judge all the people that are beyond the river, all fuch as know the laws of thy God; and teach ye them that know them not. v. 26. And whofoever shall not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed fpeedily upon him, whether it be unto death, or to banishment, or to confiication of goods, or to imprifonment. v. 27. Bleffed be the Lord

God

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