How to Use Your Mind: A Psychology of Study; Being a Manual for the Use of Students and Teachers in the Administration of Supervised StudyJ.B. Lippincott, 1910 - 215 páginas Educational leaders are seeing with increasing clearness the necessity of teaching students not only the subject-matter of study but also methods of study. Teachers are beginning to see that students waste a vast amount of time and form many harmful habits because they do not know how to use their minds. The recognition of this condition is taking the form of the movement toward "supervised study," which attempts to acquaint the student with principles of economy and directness in using his mind. It is generally agreed that there are certain "tricks" which make for mental efficiency, consisting of methods of apperceiving facts, methods of review, devices for arranging work. Some are the fruits of psychological experimentation; others are derived from experience. Many of them can be imparted by instruction, and it is for the purpose of systematizing these and making them available for students that this book is prepared. The evils of unintelligent and unsupervised study are evident to all who have any connection with modern education. They pervade the entire educational structure from kindergarten through college. In college they are especially apparent in the case of freshmen, who, in addition to the numerous difficulties incident to entrance into the college world, suffer peculiarly because they do not know how to attack the difficult subjects of the curriculum. In recognition of these conditions, special attention is given at The University of Chicago toward supervision of study. All freshmen in the School of Commerce and Administration of the University are given a course in Methods of Study, in which practical discussions and demonstrations are given regarding the ways of studying the freshman subjects. In addition to the group-work, cases presenting special features are given individual attention, for it must be admitted that while certain difficulties are common to all students, there are individual cases that present peculiar phases and these can be served only by personal consultations. These personal consultations are expensive both in time and patience, for it frequently happens that the mental habits of a student must be thoroughly reconstructed, and this requires much time and attention, but the results well repay the effort. A valuable accessory to such individual supervision over students has been found in the use of psychological tests which have been described by the author in a monograph entitled, "The Scientific Study of the College Student." |
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... involved in an oral recitation are different from those used in listening to a lecture . The lecture system implies that the lecturer has a fund of knowledge about a certain field and has organized this knowledge in a form that is not ...
... involved in taking notes . Not until examination time arrives and they try vainly to labor through a maze of scrib- bling , do they realize that there must be some system in note - taking . A careful examination of note - taking shows ...
... involved in various kinds of study . Habit may be defined roughly as the tendency to act time after time in the same way . Thus defined , you see that the force of habit extends throughout the entire universe . It is a habit for the ...
... involved when another sense is already very efficient . Probably it is most economical to arrange impressions so as to favor the sense that is already well developed and reliable . Another important condition of impres- sion is ...
... involved here a principle of nervous action that you have already encountered ; namely , that im- pressions are more easily made and retained in youth . It should also be observed that pathways made early have more chances of being used ...