LOU

344. His last illness, 344. His paternal
advice to his sou, 345. His death, 345. His
character, 345. Public men of his time, 350
Louis XII., King of France, when Duke of
Orleans, ii. 351. Married to Jeanne, daughter
of Louis XI., 351. Made governor of the
Isle of France, Picardy, and Champagne,
352. Shares in the confiscations of the late
King's favourites, 352. Suggests the con-
vocation of the States-General, 354. Urges
the Estates to seize a portion of the execu-
tive power, 358. Appointed to preside in
the royal council during the absence of the
King, 361, 362. His discontent, and efforts
for the recovery of his influence, 362. Goes
to Brittany, but returns to the coronation of
Charles VIII., 362. René of Lorraine, raised
up by Anne of Beaujeu as a rival to him,
363. Aid afforded him by the Duke of
Brittany, 363. Who deserts him, 363.
Compelled to submit at Beaugency, 363.
His complaints to the royal council against
the Lady Anne and her husband, 364.
Escapes from arrest in Paris, 364. Joins the
conspiracy to restore the authority of the Es-
tates, 366. Escapes to Rheims, 366. And
to Nantes, 367. His offers of submission to
the King rejected by the Regent, 367.
Meets the Royalists at St. Aubin, 367. De-
feated and taken prisoner, 368. Liberated
by Charles VIII., 372. And reconciled to
the Lady Anne, by the King, 372. Joins
Charles VIII. in his expedition to Italy, 382.
Defeats the troops of Naples near Genoa,
382. Falls ill, 382. Advances claims on
the duchy of Milan, 387. His hostilities
with Ludovico Sforza, 389. Besieged in
Novara, 389. Liberated by the treaty of
Vercelli, 391. Destined to inherit the crown
of France, 392. His magnanimity on his
accession, 395. Peers present at his coro-
nation, 395, note. His divorce from Jeanne,
396. And marriage to Anne of Brittany,
396, 397. His diminution of the taxes, 397.
His objection to assembling the Estates,
397.

Humbles the Parliament and the Uni-
versity, 398. His judicial reforms, 399, 400.
Restores and observes the Pragmatic Sanc-
tion, 400. Effect of his equity, considera-
tion, and economy on French institutions,
400. Growth of despotism and a rampant

aristocracy, 400. Domestic progress of
the French people during his reign, 401.
His appointment of a prime minister, 401.
His claim to the duchy of Milan, 403.
His proposals to Venice, and to the
House of Savoy, 403. Crosses the Alps
with an army, 405. Occupies Milan, 405.
His treatment of the duchy, 405, 406,
His alliances in Italy, 406. Loses Milan,
406. His severity to foreign princes, and

LOU

clemency at home, 408. Timidity of his
minister, D'Amboise, 409. Louis's treaty
with Ferdinand of Aragon for the partition
of Naples, 410. Sends an army to Naples,
411. Which is taken, 411. Treaty of par.
tition concluded, 412. His daughter Claude
affianced to Charles of Luxemburg, 412.
The French driven out of Naples by the
Spaniards, 413-415. Refusal of the Em-
peror to grant the investiture of Naples to
Louis, 416. Enters into an alliance with
Cæsar Borgia, 416. His army again de-
feated by the Spaniards in Naples, 417, 418.
And the French dominion in South Italy put
an end to, 418. Louis's failure to take
Fontarabia and reduce Roussillon, 418.
His ill health, 418, 421. Concludes a three
years' truce with Ferdinand of Aragon, 419.
Concessions made by his Queen to Maximilian,
420, 421. Invested with the Milanese, 421.
Breaks off with Maximilian, and affiances
Claude to Francis d'Angoulême, 421. To
which he obtains the sanction of the Estates
at Tours, 422. Marches with an army
against Genoa, 423. Which surrenders to
him, 424. Alarm of the Pope and Emperor
in consequence, 424. Louis's interview with
Ferdinand of Aragon, 425. Induced by D'Am-
boise to quit Italy, 425. Joins the League
of Cambray, 427. His answer to the Ve-
netian envoy, 428. Raises an army, and
taxes Florence and Milan for its pay, 428.
Leads an army against the Venetians, 428.
And defeats them at Agnadello, 428, 429.
Reaction in favour of the Venetians, 430.
Enemies raised up against Louis by the
Pope and Ferdinand of Aragon, 431. Sends
another army into Lombardy, 431. Sum-
mons a council at Tours, 431. Takes Bo-
logna, 432. But forbears to follow up his
success, 433. Formation of a league against
him, 433. Sends Gaston de Foix into the
Roman territories, 435. Gaston defeats the
Romans and Spaniards at Ravenna, 435.
Louis's losses and reverses beyond the
Pyrenees and Alps, 437. Sends another
army into Italy, 438. Where they are de-
feated by the Swiss at Novara, 438. Loss
of the Milanese and Genoa, 439. Invaded
by his neighbours on all sides, 439. Loses
Thérouanne and Tournay, 440. Surrender
of the French strongholds in Italy, 440.
Death of Anne of Brittany, 442. Marries
the Princess Mary of England, 442. His
death, 443. And character, 446

Louis XIII., King of France, his birth and
parentage, iii. 352. Assassination of his
father, 379, 380. Holds a bed of justice,
385. Affianced to Anne of Austria, 396.
His journey south, 399. Declares himself
of age, 400. And delegates all power to his

mother, 400.

LOU

State of the finances at this
time, 404. His marriage, 408. Intercepted
on his return by the Huguenots, 408. Kept
in seclusion by his mother and Concini, 410.
His favourite, De Luynes, 410. Sends
secret assurances to the rebellious nobles in
Soissons, 413. Causes the assassination of
the Maréchal d'Ancre, 414. Receives the
homage of his subjects for the first time
freely, 415. His parting with his mother, who
is compelled to quit the court, 416. Forma-
tion of his council of state, 418. Escape of
his mother from confinement, 422. Accord
between her and the court, 423.

Marches

to reduce the Queen-mother and nobles in
Angers, 424. Which is taken, 425. Terms
granted to the Queen, 426. Secures the
Dukes of Epernon and La Force, 426.
Pressed to march to the reduction of Bearn,
426. Embassy and proposals from the Em-
peror Ferdinand II., 427. Marches into,
and reduces, Bearn, 429. Defiance of the
Rochellois, 430. Leads his army in person,
430. Takes St. Jean d'Angely, 431. Cap-
tures Clerac, 432. Besieges Montauban,
which he is compelled to raise, 431. Alien-
ated from De Luynes, 431. Who is carried
off by fever, 432. Recommended to con-
tinue hostilities against the Huguenots, 433.
Hurries from Paris, and boats them, under
Soubise, 434. Reduces the Dordogne, 436.
And massacres the inhabitants of Negre-
pelisse, 436. Besieges Montpellier, 436.
Makes peace with the Huguenots at Mont-
pellier, 439. Joins Savoy and Venice for
the liberation of the Grisons and the Valte-
line, 440. Appoints La Vieuville finance
minister, 440. His religious and political
policy, 441. Offer of marriage from the
heir to the English throne, 442. Admits
Richelieu into the council, 442. Induced by
Richelieu to arrest and imprison his minister,
Vieuville, 448. His jealousy and zeal for
Catholicism, 450. Conclusion of the mar-
riage treaty with England, 451. Failure of
an expedition to Italy, 454. Capture of his
fleet at Blavet by Soubise, 455. Who is
subsequently defeated, with the assistance
of the Dutch fleet, 458. Complete estrange-
ment of the English and Dutch courts from
that of France, 459, 460. Richelieu's private
promises guaranteed by England, 462. The
King makes peace with Spain, and gives up
the Valteline in spite of Richelieu, 463.
His quarrel with his brother Gaston, 464.
State of his finances in 1626, 468. Quarrel

about the English Queen's French followers,
472. Concludes a treaty with the King of
Spain for the invasion of England, 473.
His preparations for the attack on La
Rochelle, 473, 474. Commencement of the

LOU

siege, 475. The King before the city, 475.
Richelieu's dyke, 476. Return of the King
to Paris, 477. Marches into Dauphiné,
forces the pass of Susa, and reduces the
Duke of Savoy, 481. Concludes peace with
England, and turns his arms against the
Huguenots, 481. His massacre of the
Huguenots of Privas, 482. Concludes peace
with the southern Huguenots, 483. Retire-
ment of his brother Gaston to Lorraine, 486,
487. Influence of bigoted counsels over
him, 488. Nominates Richelieu prime
minister and lieutenant-general, 490. Sends
an army, under the cardinal, into Italy, 490.
Conclusion of the treaty of Ratisbon, 496.
Louis's illness and recovery, 497. Promises
his wife and mother to dismiss Richelieu,
498. Dismisses him, but restores him the
same day, 499, 500. Invades Lorraine with
him, 505. Lorraine finally crushed, 511.
A French army sent to aid the Germans,
511. Louis reconciled to his brother Gaston,
511. Results of the campaign of 1625, 512.
Hands over Alsace to the Duke of Saxe
Weimar, 513. Disastrous campaign of
1636, 513. Advance of the Spaniards to
the Oise, 513. But are driven within their
own frontier, 514. Alsace secured to France,
516. Louis goes to Roussillon, 519. Which
he obtains, as well as Catalonia, 519. His
Platonic amours, 529. Birth of his son,
the future Louis XIV., 531. His favourite,
Cinq Mars, 532. Louis's disgust of the policy
and person of Richelieu, 536. With whom
he marches into Catalonia, 536, 537.
Gradually alienated from Cinq Mars, 537.
Whom he gives up to Richelieu, 539. His '
interview with the cardinal at Tarascon,
539. Death of Richelieu, 541. Louis's last
illness, 542. Proclaims the Queen regent,
542. His death, 544. And character, 544.
Louis XIV., King of France, his birth, iii. 531.

His answer to his father after his christen-
ing, 543. Death of his father, 544. His
journey with his mother to Paris, 554.
Holds a bed of justice, 569. Omer Talon's
address to him, 582. Flies from Paris to
St. Germain's, 592. Returns to Paris, 598.
Declares himself of age, 615. Puts himself
at the head of his army, and marches to
Bourges, 615. Witnesses the conflict be-
tween Condé and Turenne in the Faubourg
St. Antoine, 624. Removes from St. Denis
to Pontoise, 628. Re-enters Paris an ab-
solute king, 629, 630. Banishes the leaders
of the Fronde, 632. His marriage with the
Infanta proposed, 639. Endeavours of
Mazarin to procure him the imperial crown,
639. The hand of the Infanta offered by
the King of Spain, 641. Enamoured of
Mazarin's nieces, 642. Concludes the treaty

LOU

of the Pyrenees, 642. His marriage, 643.
Death of his minister, Mazarin, 644. Louis's
character, 646-648. His habits and rela-
tions, 648. His foreign policy, 649. Pur-
chases Dunkirk from England, and triumphs
over Spain and Rome, 649. Sends an army
against the Turks on the Danube, 650. His
morals, 650. Mademoiselle de la Vallière,
651. His ministers after the death of
Mazarin, 652. His punishment of Fouquet,
655. His new finance minister, Colbert,
and his reforms, 655-657. His army and
navy, 657, 658. His revival of pretensions
to the supremacy of Charlemagne, 658. His
negotiations as to the Spanish succession,
659. Claims Brabant by right of evolution,
659, 660. His negotiations with John de
Witt, 661. Joins the Dutch against Eng-
land, but lukewarm, 661. Makes secret
peace with Charles II., 662. And invades
the Low Countries, 662. His successes,
662, 663. Alarm and jealousy of Germany
in consequence of, 663. Treaty of partition
with Austria, 664. Formation of the Triple
Alliance, 665. Louis's conquest of Franche
Comté, 666. Signs the treaty of Aix-la-
Chapelle, 667. His mistress, Montespan,
668.
668.

His taste for fastuousness and privacy,
His bigoted policy, 669. His enmity
to the Dutch, 670. His measures taken for
their destruction, 672. Obtains the alliance
of England against them, 673, 674. Sends
an army into Lorraine, 676. His reasons
for attacking Holland, 676. Secures Sweden
and the Emperor, 676, 677. Marches for
Holland, 677. Captures Maesyk, and crosses
the Lech, 677, 678. Surrender of Zutphen,
679. Opening of the sluices, 679. Louis
rejects the offers of submission of the Dutch,
680, 681. His demands, 682. Returns to
France, 684. And presents the Prince of
Orange with an army, 684. Makes peace
with Brandenburg, 686. Desertion of Eng-
land, 686. Alliance formed against him,
687,688. Defeat of his troops under Condé,
689. And under Turenne, 691. Louis's
losses, 692. And successes in 1676 and
1677, 696. His army in 1678, 697. State
of his enemies, 697. Besieges and takes
Ghent, 698. Concludes peace with the
Dutch, 700, 701. And with the Emperor,
703. Compels the Elector of Brandenburg
to give up his Swedish conquests, 704.
Splendour and genius of his court compared
with the misery and ignorance of his people,
iv. 1, 2. Mania for reglementation at this
period, 2. Debaucheries of his court, 4, 5.
His dislike of the Huguenots, 6. Confirms
the Edict of Nantes, 6. But forbids collo-
quies to the Protestants, 6. His mistresses,
10. His conversion, or change in life, 10.

LOU

His edict against relaps, 11. His dragon-
nades, 13, 14. His treatment of the Duke
de Rohan, 17. Revokes the Edict of Nantes,
18. His treatment of foreign powers, 22.
Grasps at portions of Germany, 22, 23.
Takes Strasburg, 24. Purchases Casale, 24.
Formation of a league against him, 25.
Watches the progress of the Turks from the
Rhine, 25. Turns his arms north, 25.
Takes Courtray and Dixmunde, 25. Bom-
bards Oudenarde and takes Luxemburg, 26.
Concludes the truce of Ratisbon, 26. Ex-
tent of his power, 27. Formation of another
league against him, 28. His outrage on the
Pope, 28. Seizes Avignon, 29. Endeavours
to raise the Bishop of Strasburg to the arch-
bishopric of Cologne, 29. Refusal of the
Pope to receive his envoy, 30. His palace
of the Trianon and the waterworks at Ver-
sailles, 30, 31. His war-minister, Louvois,
31. Louis claims the left bank of the
Rhine, and goes to war for it, 33. His
organised system of rapine in the occupied
country, 34. Atrocities committed by his
orders, 35, 36. Orders his courtiers and the
clergy to melt their plate, 36, 37. Defeat of
his fleet by the English and Dutch, 37. His
assistance rendered to James II. of England,
37. His persecution of the Waldenses, 39.
At war with the Duke of Savoy, 40, 41.
Captures Mons, 41. Rids himself of Madame
de Montespan, 41. Successes of his general,
Catinat, in Italy, 41. His campaign of
1693, 45. The battle of Neerwinden, 46.
His leanings towards peace, 46, 47. Féne-
lon's letter to him, 47. His abandonment
of Louvois' policy, 47. His Vandal orders
to Catinat, 47. Poverty and famine of the
kingdom in 1693, 1694, 48. Louis's ex-
travagance, 55, 56. His revenue, 57. His
artifice as to the Spanish succession, 57, 58.
His reconciliation with the Pope, 58. Re-
stores the Duke of Savoy, 59. And signs
the peace of Ryswick, 60-63. His life after
this period, 65. Death of the King of
Spain, and extinction of the House of Austria,
70. Louis's claims to the succession, 71.
Opens negotiations with William III., 72.
Sends Count Tallard to London, 73. His
agreement to a temporary measure, 74.
His proposals on the death of the electoral
prince, 75, 76. Agrees to the succession of
his grandson, Anjou, to the Spanish throne,
80. Their parting at Sceaux, 81. Refor
mation of the Triple Alliance against Louis,
83. The treaty of Loo, 83. Louis recog-
nises the Prince of Wales as King of Eng-
land, 83. Commencement of the War of
the Spanish Succession, 83, 84. French
misfortunes, 86, 87. Battle of Blenheim,
90. Of Ramillies, 95. Overthrow of his

LOU

duces his expenses, 391. Exiles the Parlia-
ment to Troyes, 391. But recalls them, 392.
Holds a royal sitting of the Parliament, 395.
And compels it to register an edict for a loan,
396. Abolishes Parliament, and institutes
new courts of justice, 399. Orders the con-
vocation of the States-General, 404. Objects
to the introduction of the English constitu-
tion, 405. Opens the States-General, 413.
Troubled at the aspect of the commons, 415.
Overrules Necker's plan of a royal sitting,
416. But subsequently presides at one, 417.
His declaration, 417, 418. His answer to
the address of the National Assembly, 422.
His consternation at the acts of the mob of
Paris, 426. Visits the Assembly, 427. Goes
to Paris, 427. And wears the revolutionary
cockade, 428. Proposal to bring the King
and Dauphin away from Versailles, 434.
Visits the banquet of the garde du corps,
435. His palace invaded by the mob, 439.
Brought to Paris, 440. His uncertainty and
irresolution, 442. Takes the oath to the con-
stitution, 451. Prevented from going to St.
Cloud, 456. His flight to Varennes, and return
to Paris, 458. The executive taken into their
own hands by the National Assembly, 459.
Refuses to receive the Legislative Assembly,
469. His differences with the Assembly, 469.
Puts his veto on the decrees against emigrés
and nonjuring priests, 472. Guided by the
moderate members of the Assembly, 472.
Forms a new ministry, 473. Declares his
indignation against the emigrés and their
proceedings, 473. Brissot's opinion that he
could not be the king of the revolution, 474.
Policy of European powers towards, 477.
His ministers prosecuted by the Assembly,
478. Dismisses Narbonne, 479. His con-
stitutional guard, and its dissolution, 480.
Mortified at Delessert's arrest, 480. Chooses
Dumouriez, who advises his acceptance of
the constitution and its duties, 481. Chooses
Roland and others his ministers, 481. Dis-
pleased with Roland's uncouthness, 481.
Gives his confidence to the Lameth and Feuil-
lants in preference to the Girondist ministers,
482. Induced to declare war against Austria,
and to invade Belgium, 484. Distrusted by
the Gironde, 485. Dismisses the Gironde
ministers and Dumouriez, 486. Madame
Roland's letter to, 487. Servan's proposition
for a camp at Paris, 487. Persuaded by Du-
mouriez to withdraw his vetos on the decrees
against the priests and Servan's camp, 488.
Warned by Dumouriez of impending insur-
rection, 489. Appoints Feuillant ministry,
489. Insurrection of the Faubourg St. An-
toine, 490, et seq. Insulted and threatened by
the mob, 493. Places the bonnet rouge on his
head, and drinks the health of the Parisians,

LOU

423. His interview with Pétion, 495. Coldly
receives Lafayette, 496. Lafayette with the
Feuillant schemes to take him away from
Paris, 497. Arraigned by Vergniaud, 499.
Joins reconciliation of parties in the Assem-
bly, 500. His dethronement demanded by
Marseilles, 508. Sanctions the suspension of
Pétion, 501, 502. Defeats the plans of his
friends for his escape, 502. His guard being
broken, he is placed at the mercy of his ene-
mies, 503. His déchéance demanded by all
parties, 502, 503. Overtures from the Gi-
ronde rejected by the King, 504. Pays
50,000 crowns to Danton for his services
and favour, 504. Manifesto of the Duke of
Brunswick, 505. Hypocritically protests
against the manifesto, 506. Girondists pro-
pose his suspension only, in favour of the
Dauphin, 506, 508. Communes and sections
press his dethronement, 507. Insurrection
of the 9th of August, 509, et seq. Questions
Pétion as to the state of the capital, 510.
His measures of defence, 509-511. Deserted
by the National Guard, 510, et seq. Shows
himself to the troops, who receive him
with insulting cries, 512. Insurgents be-
sieging the palace, on the morning of the
10th he proceeds to the Assembly, 513. His
reception by the Assembly, 514. Deposed by
the Assembly, and committed to the Temple,
515. Orders the Swiss soldiers to cease
firing on the mob, 516. Girondists propose
to remove to the Luxembourg, 518. Humane
measures of the Girondists counteracted by
the Jacobins, 518, 519. Intrigues for the
release of, 543. His trial and death proposed
by the Mountain, 546, 547. His trial ob-
jected to by Robespierre, who proposes his
execution, 547, 548. Tried by the Conven-
tion, 548. Discovery of his secret papers and
intrigues with Mirabeau, 548. His demean-
our before his judges excites their commi-
seration, 549. Interrogated by his judges,
549. His character, 549, 550. His conduct
in the Temple and brutal treatment, 550.
Demands and is allowed counsel, 550. De-
fended by De Sèze and Malesherbes, 551
The Gironde endeavour to save his life, 551.
His condemnation proposed, and appeals to
the public suggested, 552. Condemned by
the Convention, 554. His noble demeanour
on his condemnation enrages his enemies,
555. His sentence communicated by Garat,
555. His last and affecting interview with
his family, 556. His death, 556
Louis XVII., King of France, the Dauphin,
presented to the Assembly by the mob, iv. 514.
Committed to the Temple, 515.

Louis XVIII., King of France, reaches Com-
piegne, v.235. Replaced on throne of France,
but rejects constitution voted by senate, 235.