England coast in winter, aggravated constitutional ailments to which he had long been subject, and he suffered greatly from the want of comforts to which he had been accustomed, and which to a valetudinarian had become a necessity. At Fortress Monroe, he was confined for fourteen days, with a number of others, in one of the casemates of the Fort, closely guarded and under lock and key. At Fort Warren, where he spent more than twelve months of his captivity, he was assigned with others to a single room in the officers' quarters of the Fort, but with larger liberty and opportunity for exercise. Other alleviations of strict prison life, which were unknown at Fortress Monroe or Fort Lafayette, were here permitted. Prisoners were allowed to receive books and papers, to make such additions, as their means permitted, to the ordinary army rations furnished by the government, and to correspond with their friends, subject to the restriction that all letters sent or received were required to be previously read by an officer assigned to that duty. But beyond any sense of physical restraint or hardships, Mr. Wallis's spirit constantly chafed under what he regarded as the intolerable wrong and injustice of his arbitrary arrest and incarceration. His views upon this subject find full expression in the letter which shortly after his release, he addressed to the Hon. John Sherman, in reply to some observations made by the latter in a speech in the United States Senate, in reference to the Maryland arrests.

Mr. Wallis bore himself during the long months of his confinement, with unfailing dignity and fortitude. His common-place book, in which he was in the habit of setting down for future reference things new or interesting which he had noted in his daily reading, bears witness to his power of mental abstraction, and to the relief which he found in literature from the small annoyances as well as graver burdens of his prison-life. By the charm of his conversation, bright and entertaining as if prison walls had no existence, he helped to beguile the tedium of a confinement which weighed heavily upon his companions as well as upon himself. By numberless acts of kindness and of charity, he contributed to alleviate the lot of others less fortunate and well-provided for than himself. At times the number of prisoners

in Fort Warren, including those who were captured in battle, amounted to many hundreds, of whom the greater number brought nothing with them but the clothes they wore when they were captured.

After his release from Fort Warren, in November, 1862, Mr. Wallis returned to Baltimore and resumed the thread of his interrupted professional life. The years which followed were perhaps those of his greatest professional success. During these years also, some of his best literary work was accomplished, and his most important public services rendered, while still remaining in private station. After the State Constitution of 1867 had removed all the barriers to political preferment, which had been raised during the war, and had opened the way for the return to power of men of Mr. Wallis's opinions, there was a time when he undoubtedly could have held any office, in the gift of his fellowcitizens of Baltimore or Maryland, if his ambition and tastes had led him in that direction. On, at least, two occasions after the administration of the municipal government of Baltimore had passed into the hands of the Democratic party, he was offered the position of chief law officer of the city. He was also urged to allow the use of his name as a candidate for Congress. These, and other offers, he declined, partly because official life really had no temptations for him, and partly because of his uncertain and gradually failing health. At the same time his interest in public affairs continued without abatement. He labored constantly and earnestly, with voice and pen, to bring others, especially young men, to that high standard of unselfish and independent action in political matters, which he felt was becoming more and more necessary and more rare, alike in party management and in public administration. Every movement which seemed to carry with it the hope and promise of political Reform, appealed to his sympathy and was sure of his active support. Thus, he was prominently identified, from the outset, both with the Civil Service Reform Association of Maryland and the Reform League of Baltimore city, of which latter organization he continued to be the President until his death. Only once did he suffer his reluctance to be a candidate for office to be overcome. This was in 1875 when, being

at the time ill in New York city and unable to take any active part in the canvass, he accepted the nomination for Attorney General of the State upon a ticket which was supported by Republicans and Independent Democrats. The ticket was defeated, but the fairness of the election and of the return made of the votes cast being called in question, Mr. Wallis instituted legal proceedings with a view to having the matter judicially inquired into, but the Court of Appeals held that it was without jurisdiction, and nothing was done in the premises. Mr. Wallis's defeat could hardly, under the circumstances, be considered as a test of his personal popularity, since many of his friends and admirers disapproved of the coalition with the Republicans, and withheld their support from him on that account.

Gradually, with advancing years, his health began to break. He was compelled to curtail the labors for which his spirit was always willing, but to which the flesh was no longer equal. The intellectual fire was unabated, but his appearances on public occasions, upon the political platform, and in court, became less frequent. During the late winter and spring of 1894, he was seldom able to leave his house. Finally, on the 11th of April of 1894, less from the inroads of disease than from the gradual weakening and exhaustion of the vital forces, he quietly and painlessly passed away, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. His body, after funeral services in St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, was deposited in his own lot in Greenmount Cemetery, where also are buried his mother, two brothers who died in infancy, three sisters, and his venerable friend, Mr. Pizarro.

Although remarkable for the strength and tenderness of his personal attachments, Mr. Wallis never married. He was most domestic in his tastes and habits. He loved his home, his books and the society of his friends, whom he delighted to have about him, and who found him at all times the most charming of hosts and companions. The grief of his friends at his death was shared by the community at large. Certainly no instance can be recalled of any one not in high public station whose death has called forth so many tributes of respect and affection from the people of Maryland. The various public bodies and institutions with which he

had been identified while living,-the Trustees of the Peabody Institute, and the Maryland Historical Society, of both of which bodies he was President; the Regents of the University of Maryland, of which he was Provost, and others,-held meetings and took appropriate proceedings to testify to their sense of the loss which they, in common with the whole community, had sustained. Among these tributes, for which it would be impossible to afford space here, there are two, however, which may be thought to furnish an appropriate and fitting conclusion to this memorial sketch. One is the Minute of the Bench and Bar of Maryland, originally adopted at a Bar meeting in Baltimore, held immediately after Mr. Wallis's death, and subsequently ordered to be recorded among the proceedings of the Supreme Bench of that city, together with the remarks of the late Chief Judge Robinson, of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, on the occasion of the presentation of the same Minute to that Court at Annapolis.

The other tribute, which is of a more personal character, but none the less valuable and interesting on that account, is from the pen of Mr. Wallis's friend and physician, Dr. Samuel C. Chew, who attended him in his last illness and was with him when he died. It appears in the proceedings of the Trustees of the Peabody Institute on the occasion of Mr. Wallis's death.

The following is the "Memorial Minute" of the Bench and Bar as it appears in the 77th volume of the Reports of the Court of Appeals of Maryland:

"The death of Severn Teackle Wallis is an event which arrests the attention of every citizen of Maryland, and is recognized as a great public bereavement from one end of the Commonwealth to the other. Everywhere and by everybody it is felt that Maryland has lost her foremost citizen.

"For us who were his professional brethren, who knew, and, therefore, admired and honored him, it would suffice to add to the bare mention of his death, 'no praise can be equal to so great a name,' but, for the honor of the profession, it is fitting that we record our estimate of him as a lawyer and a man.

"He has closed, at the ripe age of seventy-seven, a professional career which, extending over more than half a century, is, in many respects, with

out an example or a parallel in the annals of our Bar. Great men and lawyers the Maryland Bar has furnished heretofore, who have risen to the highest judicial positions in the land, and filled with honor the office of Attorney-General of the United States. Without obtaining any of these great rewards and dignities of the profession, Mr. Wallis nevertheless reached a height of professional eminence which entitles him to rank among the first and ablest of these distinguished men.

"But Mr. Wallis's especial greatness as a lawyer was that he was so much more than a lawyer. To the accurate and varied learning of the profession, he added the grace and culture of the scholar, and the charm of an eloquence which made him one of the foremost and most persuasive orators of our times. Above all, he brought to the practice of the profession, in all its relations, the loftiest standards of professional duty and honor. The purity of his life, and nobility and dignity of his character, his scorn of everything sordid, base or mean, the kindness of his heart, and the grace and charm of his manner, added to the wealth and abundance of his intellectual gifts and accomplishments, made him the finest type and model of what a great lawyer can be. As such, this Bar will ever cherish his memory, and the generous aspiration of future generations will find in his life and fame a perpetual incentive to noble endeavor.

"Mr. Wallis recognized and illustrated in the highest degree the obligations which the profession owes to the public, as the guardian and defender of its political rights, its civil and religious liberties. No better or more public-spirited citizen, no purer or more unselfish patriot ever lived in this community. In the darkest hour of civil strife, when the law was silent in the midst of the din of arms, he showed a courage and constancy as great as was ever displayed on the field of battle.

"In the liberality of his views and generosity of his heart, he strove to leave no duty, public or private, unfulfilled, and acknowledged no limit to his obligations except the lack of opportunity or want of physical strength. The universal sorrow with which the announcement of his death, although not unexpected, has been received, attests the appreciation by men of all classes, creeds and parties, of the nobility and usefulness of his life and their sense of the public loss occasioned by his death.

"Resolved, That in the death of SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS the Bar of Maryland has lost its brightest ornament, his friends a cherished and revered companion, and the State its noblest citizen."

Chief Judge Robinson, on behalf of the Court of Appeals, responded as follows:

"Few men have died in Maryland whose death has been so universally and so sincerely lamented as that of Mr. Wallis. His brethren of the Bar and the Judges of the several Courts, the daily witnesses of his professional