BULLER. Men in Scotland who never heard the name of North! | our not ancient friendship-for I feel that a few hours on Lochawe-side give the privilege of years-in suggesting that you will have the goodness to use the metal nut-crackers; they are more euphonious than ivory with walnuts. NORTH. Christopher North-who is he? Who do you mean by the Man of the Crutch? -The Knight of the Knout? Better never to have been born than thus to be virtually dead. NORTH. In the second place-let me conSEWARD. Sir, be comforted-you are un-sider-Mr. Talboys-I should say-in the der a delusion-Britain is ringing with your second place-yes, I have it—a Character of Art expressing itself by words: a mode-a name. NORTH. Not that I care for noisy fame-mode of Poetry and Eloquence—FITNESS AND but I do dearly love the still. BEAUTY. TALBOYS. And you have it, sir-enjoy it and be thankful. NORTH. But it may be too still. TALBOYS. My dear sir, what would you have? NORTH. I taught you, Talboys, to play Chess-and now you trumpet Staunton. TALBOYS. Chess-where's the board? Let us have a game. NORTH. Drafts and you quote Anderson and the Shepherd Laddie. TALBOYS. Mr. North, why so querulous? NORTH. Where was the Art of Criticism? Where Prose? Young Scotland owes all her Composition to me-buries me in the earth and then claims inspiration from Heaven. "How sharper than a Serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless Child." Peter -Peterkin-Pym-Stretch-where are your lazinesses-clear decks. "Away with Melancholy- BULLER. What a sweet pipe! A single snatch of an old song from you, sir NORTH. Why are you glowering at me, Talboys? TALBOYS. It has come into my head, I know not how, to ask you a question. NORTH. Let it be an easy one-for I am languid. TALBOYS. Pray, sir, what is the precise signification of the word "Classical ?” NORTH. My dear Talboys, you seem to think that I have the power of answering, off-hand, any and every question a first-rate fellow chooses to ask me. Classical-classical! Why, I should say, in the first placeOne and one other Mighty People-Those, the Kings of Thought-These, the Kings of the Earth. TALBOYS. The Greeks-and Romans. TALBOYS. Attend-do attend, gentlemen. And I hope I am not too much presuming on TALBOYS. Thank you, sir. Fitness and Beauty. Anything more? NORTH. Much more. We think of the Greeks and Romans, sir, as those in whom the Human Mind reached Superhuman Power. TALBOYS. Superhuman? NORTH. We think so-comparing ourselves with them, we cannot help it. In the Hellenic Wit, we suppose Genius and Taste met at their height-the Inspiration Omnipotent -the Instinct unerring! The creations of Greek Poetry!-IIomos-a Making! There the soul seems to be free from its chainshappily self-lawed. "The Earth we pace" is there peopled with divine forms. Sculpture was the human Form glorified-deified. And as in marble, so in Song. Something common-terrestrial-adheres to our being, and weighs us down. They-the Hellenesappear to us to have really walked- -as we walk in our visions of exaltation-as if the Graces and the Muses held sway over daily and hourly existence, and not alone over work of Art and solemn occasion. No moral stain or imperfection can hinder them from appearing to us as the Light of human kind. Singular, that in Greece we reconcile ourselves to Heathenism. TALBOYS. It may be that we are all Heathens at heart. NORTH. The enthusiast adores Greecenot knowing that Greece monarchizes over him, only because it is a miraculous mirror that resplendently and more beautifully reflects-himself the valvules of these your shrines, in which | way and wise, apart from human mortals! you stand around me, niched side by side, in Ye! tall, thick Volumes, that are each a visible presence, in this cathedral-like library! treasure-house of austere or blazing thoughts, I read Historian, Poet, Orator, Voyager-a which of you shall I touch with sensitive life that slid silently away in shades, or that fingers, of which violate the calmy austere bounded like a bark over the billows. I lift repose? I dread what I desire. You may up the curtain of all ages--I stand under all disturb-you may destroy me! Knowledge skies on the Capitol on the Acropolis. pulsates in me, as I receive it, communing Like that magician whose spirit, with a magi- with myself on my unquiet or tearful pillow cal word, could leave his own bosom to in- -or as it visits me, brought on the streaming habit another, I take upon myself every mode moonlight, or from the fields afire with noonof existence. I read Thucydides, and I would splendor, or looking at me from human eyes, be a Historian-Demosthenes, and I would and stirring round and around me in the tube an orator-Homer, and I dread to believe mult of men-Your knowledge comes in a myself called to be, in some shape or other, holy stillness and chillness, as if spelt off a servant of the Muse. Heroes and Hermits tombstones. of Thought--Seers of the Invisible-Prophets of the Ineffable--Hierophants of profitable mysteries-Oracles of the Nations-Luminaries of that spiritual Heaven! I bid ye hail ! BULLER. The fit is on him-he has not the slightest idea that he is in Deeside. NORTH. Ay-from the beginning a part of the race have separated themselves from the dusty, and the dust-devoured, turmoil of Action to Contemplation. Have thoughtknown-worshipped! And such knowledge Books keep. Books now crumbling like Towers and Pyramids-now outlasting them! Books that from age to age, and all the sections of mankind helping, build up the pile of Knowledge-a trophied Citadel. He who can read books as they should be read, peruses the operation of the Creator in his conscious, and in his unconscious Works, which yet we call upon to join, as if conscious, in our worship. Yet why-oh! why all this pains to attain that, through the labor of ages, which in the dewy, sunny prime of morn, one thrill of transport gives to me and to the Lark alike, summoning, lifting both heavenwards? Ah! perchance because the dewy, sunny prime does not last through the day! Because light poured into the eyes, and sweet breath inhaled, are not the whole of man's life here below-and because there is an Hereafter! SEWARD. I know where he is, Buller. He called it well a Cathedral-like Library. NORTH. The breath of departed years floats here for my respiration. The pure air of heaven flows round about, but enters not. The sunbeams glide in, bedimmed as if in some haunt half-separated from Life, yet on our side of Death. Recess, hardly accessible profound-of which I, the sole inmate, held under an uncomprehended restraint, breathe, move, and follow my own SEWARD. Magdalen College Library, I do believe. Mr. North-Mr. North--awakeawake-here we are all in Deeside. NORTH. Ay-ay--you say well, Seward. "Look at the studies of the Great Scholar, and see from how many quarters of the mind impulses may mingle to compose the motives that bear him on with indefatigable strength in his laborious career." SEWARD. These were not my very words, sir— NORTH. Ay, Seward, you say well. From how many indeed! First among the prime, that peculiar aptitude and faculty, which may be called-a taste and Genius forWords. BULLER. I rather failed there in the Schools. NORTH. Yet you were in the First Class. There is implied in it, Seward, a readiness of logical discrimination in the Understanding, which apprehends the propriety of Words. BULLER. I got up my Logic passably and a little more. NORTH. For, Seward, the Thoughts, the Notions themselves-must be distinctly dissevered in the mind, which shall exactly apply to each Thought-Notion-its appropriate sign, its own Word. BULLER. You might as well have said "Buller"-for I beat Seward in my Logic. NORTH. But even to this task, Seward, of rightly distinguishing the meaning of Words, more than a mere precision of thinkingmore than a clearness and strictness of the intellectual action is requisite. BULLER. And in Classics we were equal. NORTH. You will be convinced of this, Buller, if you recollect what Words express. The mind itself. For all its affections and sensibilities, Talboys, furnish a whole host of meanings, which must have names in Language. For mankind do not rest from en riching and refining their languages, until they have made them capable of giving the representation of their whole Spirit. TALBOYS. The pupil of language, therefore, sir-pardon my presumption-before he can recognize the appropriation of the Sign, must recognize the thing signified? NORTH. And if the thing signified, Talboys, by the Word, be some profound, solemn, and moral affection--or if it be some wild, fanciful impression-or if it be some delicate shade or tinge of a tender sensibility -can anything be more evident than that the Scholar must have experienced in himself the solemn, or the wild, or the tenderly delicate feeling, before he is in the condition of affixing the right and true sense to the Word that expresses it? TALBOYS. I should think so, sir. SEWARD. The Words of Man paint the spirit of Man. The Words of a People depicture the Spirit of a people. And, there NORTH. Well said, Seward. fore, the Understanding that is to possess the Words of a language, in the Spirit in which they were or are spoken and written, must, by self-experience and sympathy, be able to converse, and have conversed, with the Spirit of the People, now and of old. BULLER. And yet what coarse fellows hold up their dunderheads as Scholars, forsooth, in these our days! NORTH. Hence it is an impossibility that a low and hard moral nature should furnish a high and fine Scholar. The intellectual endowments must be supported and made available by the concurrence of the sensitive nature of the moral and the imaginative sensibilities. BULLER. What moral and imaginative sensibilities have they--the blear-eyed-the purblind--the pompous and the pedantic! But we have some true scholars--for exampleNORTH. No names, Buller. Yes, Seward, the knowledge of Words is the Gate of Scholarship. Therefore I lay down upon the threshold of the Scholar's Studies this first condition of his high and worthy success, that he will not pluck the loftiest palm by means of acute, quick, clear, penetrating, sagacious, intellectual faculties alone-let him not hope it that he requires to the highest renown also a capacious, profound, and tender soul. SEWARD. Ay, sir, and I say so in all humility, this at the gateway, and upon the threshold. How much more when he reads. NORTH. Ay, Seward, you laid the emphasis well there--reads. SEWARD. When the written Volumes of Mind from different and distant ages of the world, from its distant and different climates, are successively unrolled before his insatiable sight and his insatiable soul! BULLER. Take all things in moderation. NORTH. No--not the sacred hunger and thirst of the soul. BULLER. Greed--give-give. NORTH. From what unknown recesses, from what unlocked fountains in the depth of his own being, shall he bring into the light of day the thoughts by means of which he shall understand Homer, Pindar, Æschylus, Demosthenes, Plato, Aristotle-DISCOURSING! Shall understand them, as the younger did the elder-the contemporaries did the contemporaries-as each sublime spirit understood-himself! BULLER. Did each sublime spirit always understand himself? TALBOYS. Urge that, Mr. Buller. NORTH. So-and so only-to read, is to be a Scholar. BULLER. Then I am none. NORTH. I did not say you were. BULLER. Thank you. What do you think of that, Mr. Talboys? Address Seward, sir. NORTH. I address you all three. Is the student smitten with the sacred love of Song? Is he sensible to the profound allurement of philosophic truth? Does he yearn to acquaint himself with the fates and fortunes of his kind? All these several desires are so many several inducements of learned study. BULLER. I understand that. TALBOYS. Ditto. NORTH. And another inducement to such study is an ear sensible to the Beauty of the Music of Words--and the metaphysical faculty of unravelling the casual process which the human mind followed in imparting to a Word, originally the sign of one Thought only, the power to signify a cognaté second Thought, which shall displace the first possessor and exponent, usurp the throne, and rule forever over an extended empire in the minds, or the hearts, or the souls of men. BULLER. Let him have his swing, Mr. Talboys. TALBOYS. He has it in that chair. NORTH. A Taste and a Genius for Words! An ear for the beautiful music of Words! A happy justness in the perception of their strict proprieties! A fine skill in apprehending the secret relations of Thought with Thought-relations along which the mind moves with creative power, to find out for its own use, and for the use of all minds to come, some hitherto uncreated expression of an idea—an image--a sentiment-a passion! These dispositions, and these faculties of the Scholar in another Mind falling in with other faculties of genius, produce a student of a different name- -THE POET. BULLER. Oh! my dear, dear sir, of Poetry we surely had enough-I don't say more than enough--a few days ago, sir. NORTH. Who is the Poet? BULLER. I beseech you let the Poet alone for this evening. NORTH. Well-I will. I remember the time, Seward, when there was a great clamor for a standard of Taste. A definite measure of the indefinite! TALBOYS. Which is impossible. NORTH. And there is a great clamor for a Standard of Morals. A definite measure of the indefinite! TALBOYS. Which is impossible. NORTH. Why, gentlemen, the Faculty of Beauty lives; and in finite beings, which we are, Life changes incessantly. The Faculty of Moral Perception lives-and thereby it too changes for better and for worse. This is the Divine Law-at once encouraging and fearful that Obedience brightens the moral eyesight-Sin darkens. Let all men know this, and keep it in mind always-that a single narrowest, simplest Duty, steadily practised day after day, does more to support, and may do more to enlighten the soul of the Doer, than a course of Moral Philosophy taught by a tongue which a soul compounded of Bacon, Spenser, Shakspeare, Homer, Demosthenes, and Burke--to say nothing of Socrates, and Plato, and Aristotle, should inspire. BULLER. You put it strongly, sir. NORTH. Gentlemen, you will often find this question" Is there a Standard of Taste ?" inextricably confused with the question, "Is there a true and a false Taste?" He who denies the one seems to deny the other. In like manner, "Is there a Right and Wrong?" and "Is there accessible to us an infallible measure of Right and Wrong" are two questions entirely distinct, but often confusedfor Logic fled the earth with Astræa. TALBOYS. She did. NORTH. Talboys, you understand well enough the sense and culture of the Beautiful? TALBOYS. Something of it, perhaps I do. NORTH. To feel to love-to be swallow ed up in the spirit and works of the Beautiful-in verse and in the visible Universe! That is a life-an enthusiasm-a worship. You find those who would if they could, and who pretend they can, attain the same end at less cost. They have taken lessons, and they will have their formalities go valid against the intuitions of the dedicated soul. TALBOYS. But the lessons perish-the dedicated soul is a Power in all emergencies and extremities. NORTH. There are Pharisees of Beautyand Pharisees of Morality. SEWARD. At this day spiritual Christians lament that nine-tenths of Christians Judaize. NORTH. Nor without good reason. The Gospel is the Standard of Christian Morality. That is unquestionable. It is an authority without appeal, and under which undoubtedly all matters, uncertain before, will fall. But pray mark this-it is not a positive standard, in the ordinary meaning of that wordit is not one of which our common human understanding has only to require and to obtain the indications-which it has only to apply and observe. SEWARD. I see your meaning, sir. The Gospel refers all moral intelligence to the Light of Love within our hearts. Therefore, the very reading of the canons, of every prescriptive line in it, must be by this light. NORTH. That is my meaning-but not my whole meaning, dear Seward. For take it, as it unequivocally declares itself to be, a Revelation-not simply of instruction, committed now and forever to men in written human words, and so left-but accompanied with a perpetual agency to enable Will and Understanding to receive it; and then it will follow, I believe, that it is at every moment intelligible and applicable in its full sense, only by a direct and present inspiration-is it too much to say-anew revealing itself? "They shall be taught of God." SEWARD. So far, then, from the Christian Morality being one of which the Standard is applicable by every Understanding, with like result in given cases, it is one that is different to every Christian in proportion to his obedience? NORTH. Even so. I suppose that none have ever reached the full understanding of it. It is an overgrown illumination—a light more and more unto the perfect day—which day I suppose cannot be of the same life, in which we see as through a glass darkly. TALBOYS. May I offer an illustration? The land shall descend to the eldest son-you shall love your neighbor as yourself. In the two codes these are foundation-stones. But see how they differ? There is the land here is the eldest son-the right is clear and | fast--and the case done with. But do to thy neighbor! Do what? and to whom? NORTH. All human actions, all human affections, all human thoughts are then contained in the one Law--as the subject of which it defines the disposal. All mankind, but distributed into communities, and individuals all differently related to me are contained in it, as the parties in respect of whom it defines the disposal! SEWARD. And what is the Form? Do as thou wouldst it be done to thee! NORTH. Ay-my dear friend-the form resolves itself into a feeling. Love thy neighbor. That is all. Is a measure given? As thyself. SEWARD. And is there no limitation? NORTH. By the whole apposition, thy love to thyself and thy neighbor are both to be put together in subordination to, and limitation and regulation by, thy Love to God. Love Him utterly-infinitely-with all thy mind, all thy heart, all thy strength. This is the entire book or canon-THE STANDARD. How wholly indefinite and formless to the understanding! How full of light and form to the believing and loving Heart! SEWARD. The moon is up-how calm the night after all that tempest-and how steady the Stars! Images of enduring peace in the heart of nature-and of man. They, too, are a Revelation. Suns and see Intelligence ruling them-on Seasons that succeed each other, and we apprehend Design-on plant and animal fitted to its place in the world, and furnished with its due means of existence, and repeated for ever in its kind-and we admire Wisdom. Oh! Atheist or Sceptic-what a difference to Us if the marvellous Laws are here without a Lawgiver-If Design be here without a Designer-all the Order that wisdom could mean and effect, and not the Wisdom-if Chance, or Necessity, or Fate reigns here, and not Mind-if this Universe is matter of Astonishment merely, and not of adoration! SEWARD. We are made better, nobler, sir, by the society of the good and the noble. Perhaps of ourselves unable to think high thoughts, and without the bold warmth that dares generously, we catch by degrees something of the mounting spirit, and of the ardor proper to the stronger souls with whom we live familiarly, and become sharers and imitators of virtues to which we could not have given birth. The devoted courage of a leader turns his followers into heroes the patient death of one martyr inflames in a thousand slumbering bosoms a zeal answering to his own. And shall Perfect Goodness contemplated move no goodness in us? Shall His Holiness and Purity raise in us no desire to be holy and pure ?-His infinite Love towards His creatures kindle no spark of love in us towards our fellow-creatures? NORTH. God bless you, my dear Sewardbut you speak well. Our fellow-creatures! The name, the binding title, dissolves in air, if He be not our common Creator. Take away that bond of relationship among men, and according to circumstances they confront one another as friends or foes-but Brothers no longer-if not children of one celestial Father. TALBOYS. And if they no longer have immortal souls! NORTH. They, too, are the legible Book of God. Try to conceive how different the World must be to its rational inhabitantwith or without a Maker! Think of it as a soulless-will-less World. In one sense, it abounds as much with good to enjoy. But there is no good-giver. The banquet spread, but the Lord of the Mansion away. The feast-and neither grace nor welcome. The heaped enjoyment, without the gratitude. SEWARD. Yet there have been Philosophers who so misbelieved. NORTH. Alas! there have been-and alas! there are. And what low souls must be theirs! The tone and temper of our feelings are determined by the objects with which we habitually converse. If we see beautiful scenes, they impart serenity-if sublime scenes, they elevate us. Will no serenity, no elevation come from contemplating Him, of whose Thought the Beautiful and the Sub-ence? Have we come to try the solace and lime are but shadows! SEWARD. No sincere or elevating influence be lost out of a World out of which He is lost? NORTH. Now we look upon Planets and NORTH. Oh! my friends-if this winged and swift life be all our life, what a mournful taste have we had of possible happiness! We have, as it were, from some dark and cold edge of a bright world, just looked in and been plucked away again! Have we come to experience pleasure by fits and glimpses; but intertwined with pain, burdensome labor, with weariness, and with indiffer joy of a warm, fearless, and confiding affection, to be then chilled or blighted by bitterness, by separation, by change of heart, or by the dread sunderer of loves-Death? Have we found the gladness and the strength |