the unanimous decisions of the Ecclesia docta. Some saints have been canonized at the Lateran exceptionally, and some even at a distance from Rome; for example, St. Francis of Assisi, who was canonized at Perugia, and St. Anthony of Padua at Spoleto, with some others. But Benedict XIV.'s Bull" ad sepulchra Apostolorum reserves the exclusive right of the Basilica Vaticana to the celebration of canonizations. The number of canonizations in this century has been four (not thirty-eight): 1st, by Pius in 1807; 2nd, by Gregory XVI. in 1839; 3rd, by Pius IX. in 1862; and 4th, again in 1867. Five saints were canonized in 1807, five in 1839, twenty-seven in 1862. I do not recollect the number of saints canonized in June last; I think it was thirty-nine. Beatifications are comparatively frequent.

Athenæum.

ODO RUSSELL.

EVIL-EYE (3rd S. xii. 261.)-Another method of warding off the evil-eye by the hand is common in Italy; that is, to bend the two middle fingers down into the palm of the hand and hold them there with the thumb, the first and fourth finger striking forward like a pair of horns. Small hands in this position are made of tortoise-shell and of coral, and worn as charms. At Pompeii similar objects have been found of bronze. I have a photograph of a very eminent Italian, who sate holding down one hand in that position, as it is considered unlucky to have one's portrait taken, and he wished to ward off the ill omen. The two most unlucky things, however, are to spill oil, be it ever so little (salt does not matter), and to find a scorpion in your path, unless some one will kill it for you. A. A.

Poets' Corner.

ESPEC (3rd S. xii. 245.)-As I do not know the subject of the record of the Hustings Court of Oxford, "Patr: de Middelton v Riem fil: Willi le Espec," I cannot judge of the illustration which Bos PIGER surmises, nor whether the words "le Espec" are an abbreviation of the office to which he refers. But it is curious that the name Espec is well known in history as that of a powerful baron in Yorkshire, Northumberland, and several other northern counties, one of whom, named Walter Espec, in the reign of Stephen in 1158, led the hosts and gained the victory at the battle of the standard. Whether the defendant in the cause cited by Bos PIGER were a descendant or connection of this Walter Espec, may be a subject of inquiry.

A more curious coincidence may be found in the name of the plaintiff in the above cause. Peter de Middleton is the name of a Justice Itinerant in 1330, temp. Edward III. (an office which Walter Espec filled about 1130), whose manor of that name was also in the county of York.

What chance is there that the dispute in the Hustings Court of Oxford may have some reference to, or connection with, the estates of these northern barons?

The accounts of Walter Espec and Peter de Middleton, and of Adam his father, also a Justice Itinerant, are in Foss's Judges of England, vol. i. p. 112, and vol. iii. pp. 279, 465. D. S.

I suggest, as possible, that the Espec mentioned by Bos PIGER was of that great family of Espec the chief of whom, Walter Espec, in 1138, was commander at the battle of the Standard near Northallerton. He had a son who died without issue; but his three sisters carried the blood into other families. One of these, Adeline, became the wife of Peter de Roos or Ros, of Hamlake, from whom finally the house of Manners obtained the coat of Espec- Gules, three Catherine wheels argent. But the name was probably not confined to one line, and may have had among its bearers the person whom Bos PIGER discovers in unfortunate circumstances at Oxford, a century and a half or more after the event which has made it famous in history. D. P.

Stuarts Lodge, Malvern Wells.

Spec in the Domesday Survey of the lands between The great Lancashire estate of Speke is written Ribble and Mersey, and also so written in the Testa de Neville (Lancashire), p. 404. I think that it occurs as L'Espec in later inquisitions. It never was possessed by anyone of local name, but such name may have been derived from it. Burke's General Armory gives an ancient family named Speke, formerly L'Espec, in the counties of LANCASTRIENSIS.

Devon and Cornwall.

"THE WAEFU' HEART" (3rd S. xii. 188.)Minstrel, in six volumes, published by Robert I have in my possession Smith's (R. A.) Scotish Purdie in Edinburgh about the year 1824, in which this beautiful song is described as by an author "unknown;" and as several songs by Miss Blamire are given in the above work, it may be inferred that she would not have withheld her if she had written it. name as the authoress of "The Waefu' Heart"

L.

COLBERT, BISHOP OF RODEZ (3rd S. xii. 226, 272.)-The bishop would therefore (cf. note by L. M. M. R. xii. 272) be one of the Cuthberts of Castlehill, Inverness-shire. Their arms are in Nesbit, and a note on the origin of the family in Burke (Landed Gentry, s. v. Robertson of Struan.) A Colonel Cuthbert was wounded on the Prince's side at Culloden; and in Scots Mag. 1747, "John Cuthbert, son of Castlehill," is mentioned as being appointed ensign of a regiment of foot now raising in Scotland for the service of the StatesGeneral." This is the last notice of any of the family I have ever lit upon, and I should be glad

if L. M. M. R. or any other of your correspondents could inform me where a pedigree or history of the family is to be found. Miss Cuthbert, the Bishop of Rodez's sister, was mother of Lady Gray of Kinfanns, by Colonel James Johnstone of the 61st Regiment. Of what branch of the clan Johnstone was this gentleman? His father was Robert Johnstone, M.A., minister of Kilbarchan in Renfrewshire; his mother, Ann, daughter of Claude Hamilton of Barns. X. C.

WILLIAM BRIDGE (3rd S. xii. 247.)-What are the arms? Ives, the antiquary, and Suffolk Herald Extraordinary, had an original portrait of Wm. Bridge. He presented a copy to the Independents in 1774, and it is now preserved in the Unitarian chapel at Great Yarmouth. Can anyone say where the original one now is? Bridge was an Independent, not a Presbyterian nor a Unitarian. (See Manship's History of Great Yarmouth.) Č. J. P.

THE FIGHTING FIFTH (3rd S. xii. 265.) — The Northumberland Fusiliers, Quo fata vocant, St. George and the Dragon. This regiment when in America, at the battle of Bunker's Hill, 1775, made for itself an enviable reputation. General Burgoyne, in a letter written to Lord Derby, says, "The Fifth has behaved the best, and suffered the most." It was during the Peninsular War that the Fifth cheered each other by recounting the exploits of those who had established the glory of their regiment. They said-" When our men attacked the heights of Bunker's Hill, they who had their white plumes shot away fixed in their hats the leaves of the sugar cane.' 31 Then would be sung the following quatrain :—

66

Against brigades of Grenadiers

The gallant Fifth they stood;

They gained the laurel of St. George,
And drank the Dragon's blood."

After the battle of Salamanca, the Fifth were known by the sobriquet of "The Grasshoppers: ""We are called Grasshoppers wherever we go,

For we fought and we conquered at Salamanco." They were also known as the "Bottle of Broth Boys:" they boiled the meat served to them for dinner, and saved the broth for the morning's breakfast. This latter nickname must have stuck to the regiment, for long after the war Colonel Sir Charles Pratt was generally called by the soldiers the "Old Bottle of Broth."

General Picton's division was called the "Fighting Fifth." This sobriquet was never used to distinguish the gallant Fifth Fusiliers.

Liverpool.

J. HARRIS GIBSON.

MR. LOFTUS TOTTENHAM is slightly in error. Sir Thomas Picton's division in the Peninsula was not the Fifth, but the Third, and it was the Third which was distinguished as the "Fighting

Division." Picton was in command of it from 1810 until the occupation of Bordeaux, except for a short period when ill-health obliged him to return to England. He commanded the Fifth Division at Waterloo, and possibly that is what has misled MR. TOTTENHAM. Picton received his death wound while leading a charge of infantry against a solid square of cavalry, an enterprise which he had not unfrequently executed with success during the Peninsular campaign.

G. F. D.

MR. TOTTENHAM will find in Napier's account of the combat of El Bodon that the Fifth Fusiliers charged the French cavalry, and retook some captured guns. Picton's division in the Peninsular War was the Third, and he was so identified with this number that, if the Waterloo campaign had lasted for any length of time, his divisionthe Fifth-would have been renumbered the Third. So say the despatches of the duke. SIGNET.

CANDLE QUERIES (3rd S. xii. 244.) — Another instance of Paris candles occurs in a 'Boke of Curtasye," in English verse of the fifteenth century, preserved among the MSS. in the British Museum (MS. Sloane, 1986, fol. 45, v°.) :— "Now speke I wylle a lytulle whyle Of tho chandeler, withouten gyle,

That torches and tortes and preketes con make,
Perchours, smale condel I undertake;
Of wax these candels alle that brennen,
And morter of wax, that I wele kenne.
Tho snof of horn dose away

With close sesours as I yow say:

The sesours ben schort and rounde y-close
With plate of irne up on bose.

In chambur no lyght ther shalle be brent,
Bot of wax, therto yf ye take tent.
In halle at soper schalle caldels brenne,
Of Parys, therein that alle men kenne;
Iche messe a candelle fro Alhalawghe day
To Candlemesse as I yow say."

The crasseta mentioned by your correspondent are doubtless the cressets often used for lighting the hall, for if the apartment was very large a few candles would produce comparatively little effect. The cresset is mentioned by Shakespeare as in use for processions at night. In the wills published by the Surtees Society it is frequently mentioned along with the fire-irons of the hall. The cresset was in the form of an iron lantern filled with pitch, tallow, resin, and turpentine. Sometimes it was enclosed in horn, and then called a moon. Mr. Wright, in his Domestic Manners and Sentiments, p. 454, gives a cut of a "moon" which was formerly preserved at Ightham Moat House in Kent.

The word cresset, French creuset, is derived from Low Latin crucibulum, from Latin crux, a cross, because anciently crucibles, or vessels for melting metals, were marked with a cross.

JOHN PIGGOT, JUN.

Mexico, from the Note-book of a Mexican officer, by Max. Baron van Alvensleben, late lieutenant in the imperial Mexican army; Life of Pastor Fliedner, founder of the Deaconesses' Institution at Kaiserswerth, translated, with the sanction of Fliedner's family, by Catherine Winkworth, with portrait; History of France, from Clovis and Charlemagne to the Accession of Napoleon III., by Eyre Evans Crowe, vol. 5, completing the work; Lyra Germanica, the Christian Life, with above 200 illustrations engraved on wood under the superintendence of J. Leighton, F.S.A.; Axel, and other Poems, translated from the Swedish by Henry Lockwood; Original Designs for Wood-Carving, with practical instructions in the art, by A. F. B., with 20 plates of illustrations on wood; and Hints on Household Taste in Furniture and Decoration, by Charles L. Eastlake, Architect, with numerous illustrations engraved on wood.

MESSRS. RIVINGTONS announce a Summary of Theology and Ecclesiastical History, a series of original works on all the principal subjects of theology and ecclesiastical history, by various writers, 8 vols.; the Life and Times of Saint Gregory the Illuminator, by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor; a Glossary of Ecclesiastical Terms, by various writers, edited by Örby Shipley; Stones of the Temple, a familiar explanation of the fabric and furniture of the church, with illustrations engraved by O. Jewitt, by Walter Field, Vicar of Godmersham; Flowers and Festivals, or Directions for Floral Decorations of Churches, with numerous illustrations; a Second Series of Curious Myths of Middle Ages, by S. Baring-Gould, with illustrations; Sermons, by the Rev. R. S. C. Chermside, late Rector of Wilton, Salisbury; the Greek Testament, with English Notes, intended for the upper forms of schools and for pass-men at the universities, abridged from the larger work of the Dean of Canterbury, 1 vol.

MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. announce the Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia and the Sword Hunters of the Hamran Arabs, by Sir Samuel Baker, with portraits of Sir Samuel and Lady Baker, maps and numerous illustrations; M. De Barante, a memoir, biographical and autobiographical, new work by M. Guizot, translated by the author of John Halifax, Gentleman, with portrait by Jeens; Guide to the Cricket-Ground, with woodcuts, by G. H. Selkirk; The Psalms Chronologically Arranged, an amended version, with historical introductions and explanatory notes, by Four Friends; The Earth's Motion of Rotation, by C. H. H. Cheyne, M.A., &c. The same publishers announce (forming part of the Clarendon Press Publications) the Apology of Plato, with a revised text and English notes, and a digest of Platonic Idioms, by the Rev. James Riddell.

MR. BENTLEY's announcements for the season comprise, among other books, Recollections of My Life, by the late Emperor Maximilian, 3 vols.; The Miscellaneous Prose Works of Lord Lytton, now first collected, and including Essays on Charles Lamb, the Reign of Terror, Gray, Goldsmith, Pitt and Fox, Sir Thomas Browne, Schiller, &c., 3 vols.; Historical Characters, Talleyrand, Mackintosh, Cobbett, Canning, Peel, by the Right Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, 2 vols.; Cradle Lands, by the Right Hon. Lady Herbert of Lea, with numerous illustrations; Historical Essays on Latter Times, the Dukes of Burgundy, Charles the Fifth, Philip the Second and the Taciturn, Cardinal Richelieu, the First English Revolution and William the Third, by J. Van Praet, edited by the Right Hon. Sir Edmund Head, 1 vol. library edition.

MESSRS. CHAPMAN & HALL are preparing for publication Chronicles and Characters, by Robert Lytton; Narrative of a Journey to Abyssinia, with an Appendix, and

a Comparison of the Practicable Routes for a March upon Debra Tabor and Magdala, by Henry Dufton; and a book on Church Vestments, by Anastasia Dolby.

MR. OLPHAR HAMST, Author of "A Notice of the Life and Works of J.-M. Querard," announces a Handbook to Fictitious Names: of Authors who have written under assumed names, and to Literary Forgers, Impostors, Plagiarists, and Imitators, chiefly of the lighter Literature of the Nineteenth Century.

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Notices to Correspondents.

We are unavoidably compelled to postpone until next week our notes on the new Camden Book, Dingley's History from Marble's Letters of Distinguished Musicians, &c.

GLWYSIO. Sir Joshua Reynolds died unmarried.

MICHAELMAS GOOSE-R. F. W. S. will find several articles on this subject in vols. iv. and viii. of our First Series, and vols. ii. and viii, of our Second Series.

ANON. The passage in Hamlet (Act I. Sc. 4) runs —

.... though I am native here,
And to the manner born," &c.

SWEETCARE. Lists of the Lieutenants of the Tower will be found in the fourth edition of Bayley's History of the Tower.

T. C. will find Ampersand very fully treated of in vols. ii. and viii. of our First Series.

COILLUS. The origin of the Clarence Dukedom has been discussed in "N. & Q." 1st S. viii. 565; ix. 45, 85, 224; x. 73, 255.

C. T. RAMAGE. On the authorship of Dics iræ, dies illa," consult "N. & Q." 1st S. ii. 72, 105, 142; iii. 322, 468; iv. 71.

S. It does not appear that Dick Turpin ever rode to York. See our last volume, pp. 440, 505.

WM. WING. The Life of Oliver Cromwell, fifth edition, 1778, is by Isaac Kimber, a dissenting minister, who died in 1758.

T. G. (Dalkeith.) As there are twenty places in England named Norton, the writer of the MS. sermon cannot possibly be identified.

GEORGE LLOYD. King Henry VIII. founded five lectures in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge-namely, of Divinity, Hebrew, Greck, Law, and Physic; the readers of which lectures are in the university statutes called Regii Professores.

E. G. Formerly letting lands by "inch of candle" was by the same method as that of selling goods, &c. by the candle. The custom is noticed in "N. & Q." 3rd S. iii. 49.

D. will find the controversy on "The Squire Papers" (not Cromwell's Letters) in Carlyle's Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, edit. 1850, ii. 339-378, reprinted from Fraser's Magazine.

A. A. D. The germ of the quotation “ Tempora mutantur," &c., is to be found in the Delitia Poetarum Germanorum, i. 685, under the poems of Matthias Borbonius. He considers them as a saying of Lotharius I. (cir. 830):

"Omnia mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis; Illa vices quasdam res habet, illa suas." See" N. & Q." 1st S. i. 234, 419.

LEX. The Friday fast, as one of the stationary days, was duly observed in the primitive church, for many centuries before papal briefs were known. Bingham's Antiquities of the Christian Church, book xíu. ch. 9, and Riddle's Christian Antiquities, p. 621.

"NOTES & QUERIES" is registered for transmission abroad.

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