Amantibus justitiam, pietatem, fidem-St. Anne, Feb. 3, 1735 O.S.

Bellicæ virtutis præmium-St. Louis, 1693 (confirmed 1719).

Bene merentibus-Lion of Lembourg, 1768.

Bene merentibus-St. Charles, Wirtemberg, Feb. 11, 1759; altered to The Ducal Order of Military Merit, Nov. 6, 1799.

Christiana militia-Christ of Portugal, 1317 (confirmed 1319).

Cominus et eminus-The Porcupine, France, 1393.
Concordans-Concord, Brandenburgh, 1660.

Crescam ut prosim and Junxit amicos amor-St. Joachim, 1755.

Deus protector noster-The Lamb of God, Sweden, 1564.

Dieu aide au prémier Chrétien et baron de FranceThe Dog and Cock, (supposed) 500.

Dolce nella memoria-Amaranta, 1645.

Donec totum impleat orbem-The Crescent, 1268. Duce et auspice-The Holy Ghost, France, Dec. 30, 1578.

Felicitate Restituta, and In sanguine fœdus, and Pro virtute patria-The Two Sicilies, 1808.

Fortitudine-Maria Theresa, May 13, 1757.

Honi soit qui mal y pense-The Garter, 1344 or 1350. Fidei et merito-St. Ferdinand and of Merit, April 1, 1800.

Fidelitas-Fidelity, 1715.

Fidelité et constance-Happy Alliance of Saxe Hildurburghausen, Oct. 1, 1749.

Honneur et patrie-The Legion of Honour, Feb. 21, 1803.

In fide, justitia, et fortitudine, and Justus ut palma florebit, and Virgini Immaculata Bavaria ImmaculataSt. George of Bavaria. Early, first renewal considered, 1494; second do., March 28, 1729.

In hoc signo vincam-St. Mary the Glorious, (approved) 1618.

In hoc signo vinces-St. Constantine, (supposed) 313. In sanguine foedus-St. Januarius of Naples, July 6, 1738.

In trau vast-St. Hubert, 1444 or 1447.

J'aime l'honneur qui vient par la vertu-The Noble Passion, Germany, 1704.

Jesus Hominum Salvator-The Seraphim, (supposed) 1280.

La generosité-Generosity, May 1667.

La liaison fait ma valeur, la division me perd-Louise Ulrique or The Fan,

?

L'amour de Dieu est pacifique-Mary Magdalen, (planned in or about) 1614.

Le Dieu plait-The Knot in Naples, 1351 or 1352. Magni animi pretium-The White Elephant, (supposed) 1190.

Malo mori quam fœdari-Ermine, 1463.
Memento mori-The Death's Head, revived 1709.
Monstrant regibus astra viam-Star in Sicily, 1351.
Munit hæc, et altera vincit-Nova Scotia Knights,
?

Nemo me impune lacesset-St. Andrew, (supposed) 809;

renewed 1542.

Nescit occasum-The Polar Star, renewed April 17, 1748.

?

Nihil hoc triste recepto-Our Redeemer,
Non credo tempori-St. Nicholas, 1382.

Par l'amour et la patrie-St. Catherine, Nov. 25, 1714, O.S.

Pax tibi, Marce, Evangelista meus-St. Mark. Established about 828, renewed 1562.

Pietate et bellica virtute-St. Henry, 1736; renewed Sept. 4, 1768.

Prix de vertu-National Order of France, 1789. Pro fide, rege, et lege-White Eagle, 1325; revived 1705.

Pro patria-The Sword, Sweden, 1525; revived 1772. Providentiæ memor-The Green Crown, July 20, 1807. Pro virtute bellicâ-Military Merit, France, 1759. Publicum meritorum præmium, and Stringit amoreSt. Stephen, May 5, 1761.

Quis separabit?-St. Patrick, 1783.

Quis ut Deus?-St. Michael of Bavaria, Sept. 29, 1693; Wing of St. Michael, 1165 or 1172.

Rubet ensis sanguine Arabum-St. James of the Sword, 837.

Salus et gloria-The Starry Cross, or Star of the Cross, 1668.

Virtute in bello-St. Henry the Emperor, Oct. 7, 1736. Securitas regni-Cyprus or Silence; also styled, Sword of Cyprus; 1195.

Sincere et constanter-The Red Eagle. Uncertain, supposed 1705; revived 1792.

Sola ubique triumphans, and Triumphat-Ladies Slaves of or to Virtue, Germany, 1662.

Suum cuique-The Black Eagle, Prussia, Jan. 18, 1701. Tria juncta in uno-The Bath, 1399; renewed 1725. Valour, Loyalty, and Merit-The Tower and Sword, Portugal, 1459; revived 1508.

Vigilando ascendimus-The White Falcon, Aug. 2. 1732.

Virtus et honos-St. Hubert of Lorraine and of Bar, (supposed) 1416.

Virtus nobilitat-The Lion for Civil Merit, 1815. Virtuti-Military Merit in Hesse-Cassel, March 5, 1769. Virtute et fidelitate-The Golden Lion of Hesse-Cassel, Aug. 14, 1770.

Virtute et merito-Charles III. of Spain, Sept. 19, 1771. Virtute in bello-St. Henry of Saxony, Oct. 7, 1736. Exaltat humiles-Broom Flower in the Husk, France,

1234.

Padroeiro do Reino-Conception, Feb. 6, 1818.

In trau vast, and Amicitiæ virtutisque foedus-Grand Order of St. Hubert or the Chase, in Wirtemberg, 1702. Barbaria-Burgundian Cross, 1535.

Integritati et merito-Imperial Austrian Order of Leopold, July 14, 1806.

Je suis petite, mais mes picqûres sont profondes-The Bee, 1703.

Amor proximi-Neighbourly Love, 1708.

God is Great [in Arabic characters]-The Palm and Alligator. Conferred on Major Henry Dundas Campbell at Mabelly, April 18, 1837.

Perhaps some of your correspondents could fill up the blanks in this list. J. MANUEL. Newcastle-on-Tyne.

LITERARY CLUB.

Can any correspondent inform me who was the founder of the Literary Club, and what was the date of its foundation? On a recent visit to "Alma Mater" for the purpose of making some researches in the Bodleian, the valuable MS. letters from Edmond Malone to Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore, were placed in my hands, extending from 1783 to 1810. At the end of one is the following list of its eminent members in the handwriting of Malone, which may prove of interest to many readers of "N. & Q. :

"

1799

1800

1800

1800

1800

1801

1801

1803

1803

1806

1806

1806

1808

1808

1808

26. Rt Hon. Wm Drummond

27. Sir Henry Halford

28. Sir Henry Englefield 29. Lord Holland

30. The Earl of Aberdeen 31. Charles *

32. Charles Vaughan

33. Humphrey Davy

34. Rev. Dr Bonney

35.

Vacant.

Bushey Rectory, Watford, Herts.

[The Literary Club was suggested by Sir Joshua Reynolds to Dr. Samuel Johnson, and established in 1764, the earlier members being the two originators, Edmund Burke, Dr. Nugent, Beauclerk, Langton, Goldsmith, Mr. Chamier, and Sir John Hawkins. There is much about this famed Club in Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson, by Croker. Consult also Timbs's Clubs of London, and Burke's Patrician, iv. 350.-ED.]

OXONIENSIS.

CURIOUS EFFECT OF LIGHTNING.—

"This day the Lord Bishop of Ely (Andrewes), a prelate of great piety and holiness, related to me a wonderful thing. He said he had received the account from many hands, but chiefly from the Lord Bishop of Wells (Still),

lately dead, who was succeeded by the Lord Montacute, that in the city of Wells, about fifteen years ago, one summer's day, while the people were at divine service in the Cathedral church, they heard as it thundered two or three claps above measure dreadful, so that the whole congregation, affected alike, threw themselves on their knees at this terrifying sound. It appeared the lightning fell at the same time, but without harm to any one. So far, then, there was nothing but what is common in the like cases. The wonderful part was this, which afterwards was taken notice of by many, that the marks of a cross were found to have been imprinted on the bodies of those who were then present at divine service in the Cathedral. The Bishop of Wells told my Lord of Ely that his wife, a woman of uncommon probity, came to him and informed him, as of a great miracle, that she had then the mark of a cross impressed upon her body. Which tale, when the Bishop treated as absurd, his wife exposed the part, and gave him ocular proof. He afterwards observed that he had upon himself, on his arm, as I take it, the plainest mark of a . Others had it on the shoulder, the breast, the back, or other parts. This account that great man my Lord of Ely gave me in such a manner as forbade me even to doubt of its truth."

* Can the gaps of Nos. 15 and 31 be supplied by any reader of "N. & Q."?

FLY-LEAF SCRIBBLINGS.-The following occur, in an old handwriting, on The Legacy of John Wilmer, Citizen and late Merchant of London, humbly offered to the Lords and Commons of England, London, 1692:

"John Dreidon's Character of the Lord Chancellor Finch. "At the bar abusive, on the bench unable; Knave on the woolsack, fop at councill-table."

"A Lampoun made upon throwing out the Bill of Exclusion.

"Old Rowly was there to sollicit the cause, Agt his owne life, religion, and lawes; The old Hamden and Birch

Did veryly think to settle the church:
They may vote, and vote, and vote on still,

The Bpps, the Bpps have thrown out the bill."

less Clubs and Societies, which had illegally presumed to use a Common Seal, and to act as Bodies Corporate, by making and unlawfully conspiring to execute certain Bylaws or Orders, whereby they pretend to determine who had a right to the Trade, what and how many Apprentices and Journeymen each man should keep at once, together with the prices of all their Manufactures, and the manner and materials of which they should be wrought; and that, when many of the said Conspirators wanted work, because their Masters would not submit to such pretended Orders and unreasonable Demands, they fed them with Money, till they could again get employment, in order to oblige their Masters to employ them for want of other hands; and that the said Clubs by their great numbers, and their correspondence in several of the trading Towns of the Kingdom, became dangerous to the publick peace, especially in the Counties of Devon and Somerset; where many Riots had been committed, private Houses broken open, the Subjects assaulted, wounded, and put in peril of their lives, great Quantities of Woollen Goods cut and spoilt, Prisoners set at Liberty by Force; and that the Rioters refused to disperse, notwithstanding the reading of the Proclamation required by the late Riot Act. For these causes this Proclamation enjoined the putting the said Riot Act, and another Act made in the Reign of Edward VI. (intitled "The Bill of Conspiracy of the Victuallers and Craftsmen,') in Execution against all such as should unlawfully confederate and combine for the purposes above mention'd, in particular, or for any other illegal Purposes, contrary to the Tenour of the aforesaid Acts."

S. P. V.

AN OLD PROVERB. - In reading John Done's Polydoron, or a Miscellanea of Morall, Philosophicall, and Theologicall Sentences, 1631, I come upon the following curious "old English proverbe" at p. 44:

"I stout, and thou stout,
Who shall carry the dirt out?

Not remembering these vernacular lines elsewhere,
I venture to submit them for preservation in
"N. & Q."
J. O. HALLIWELL.
NUTTING ON HOLY-ROOD DAY, SEPTEMBER 14.
In the old play Grim, the Collier (Charcoal Burner)
of Croydon, are the following lines:-

"This day is called Holy-rood day,

And all the youth are now a nutting gone." And in the Clavis Calendaria it is said the Eton boys had a holy day to gather nuts, part of which they were to present to their masters, and they were also to write Latin verses in autumn. these customs kept up at the present time?

Are

A. A.

Poets' Corner.

PAPAL ARMY IN 1867.- The Roman pontiff's army at this time does not number more than 13,000 men, with 8 generals and 584 officers, of whom 410 are Italians, 106 French, 40 Swiss, 12 German, 6 Belgian, 4 Irish, 2 Dutch, 2 Spanish, and 2 Poles. W. W.

Malta.

"A Modest Apology, occasioned by the Importunity of the Bishop of Derrie, who presseth for an Answer to a Query, stated by Himself, in his second Admonition; concerning joyning in the Publick Worship established by Law, &c. By a Minister of the Gospel, at the Desire of some Presbyterian Dissenters. 12mo, printed in the year 1701." 180 pages.

The Bishop of Derry appears to have been Dr. King, afterwards Archbishop of Dublin. The second work is entitled: —

"Letters from an Armenian in Ireland to his Friends at Trebisond, &c. Translated in the year 1756. 8vo. London, 1757."

This latter is rather a curious work, giving a satirical account of the Irish Houses of Lords and the judges, &c. At p. 137, a visit to the Lakes Commons, the University, the bench of bishops, of Killarney appears to be described; and at p. 98, the then prevailing evils of the system of middlemen are given as follows:

CAT O' NINE TAILS.-Where can I find the origin of this term, as well as the earliest use of this instrument of punishment? In James's Military Dictionary, the cat, &c. is described as "A whip with nine knotted cords, with which the British soldiers and sailors are punished. Sometimes it has only five cords."

As there appears to be some uncertainty about the number of cords, or tails attached to this whip, it may be a question whether, like its namesake the animal, it did not originally commence by having only one tail, and in course of time or fashion increase to nine, the number of lives proverbially allotted to our domestic friend "Pussy." According to the Talmudists (Maccoth, iii. 10) the Jews, in carrying out their sentences of Scourges, employed for that purpose a whip which had three lashes (Jahn's Arch. Biblica, p. 287), and it is stated in the Merlinus Liberatus, or John Partridge's Almanack for 1692, that in "May, 1685, Dr. Oates was whipt," and "had 2256 lashes with a whip of six thongs knotted, which amounts to 13536 stripes." Sir John Vanbrugh, moreover, in the prologue to his play of the False Friend (written A.D. 1702), alludes to this scourge in these words: :

"You dread reformers of injurious age, You awful cat o' nine tails of the stage."

It may therefore interest your readers, as well as myself, to ascertain, if possible, the probable history and introduction into this country of the "cat o' nine tails." MR. GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA may perhaps kindly help us out of this difficulty, as the following passage occurs in his work of Waterloo to the Peninsula, vol. i. p. 119: "A Dutch king, they say, introduced the cat-o'-ninetails in the British army; ere the Nassauer's coming, the scourge had three thongs."

ARTHUR HOULTON.

bishopric by King Louis XVI., confirmed at Rome by Pope Pius VI. on April 2, 1781, and consecrated on the 22nd of the same month. He was one of those French prelates who refused to resign their sees in obedience to the Concordat of 1801; and he signed the protests against that measure, along with the other "évêques anticoncordataires of the church of France then in exile in 1804. His death occurred in London, during the emigration.

""

66

In the Bibliothèque Sacrée of Richard and Girand (edit. 1827, tom. xxix. p. 116), and also in La France Ecclésiastique, his name is given as follows: "64, N. de Seignelay-Colbert de Gastle-Hill, né en 1736"; while in the Notizie per l'anno 1786 (et seq.), published by authority at Rome, he is entered as Segeleo Colbert de Castlehill, nato nella Diocesi di Muray, in Scozia, nel 1737." My query, therefore, refers to his place of birth as well as date of death: for he appears to have been, undoubtedly, a native of Scotland, and apparently born at Castlehill (not "Gast-lehill," an evident misprint or error), which is the name of a place near Inverness, and in the diocese of Murray, or Moray. It would be interesting to ascertain the particulars of the ecclesiastical career of this Scoto-French bishop; but there is some obscurity as to his Christian name, which makes his affiliation difficult: though there can hardly be a doubt as to his having belonged to the wellknown family of Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, the celebrated finance minister of Louis XIV. The family of Colbert certainly claimed a remote Scottish descent, though on doubtful grounds; still this will not account for the Bishop of Rodez having been "born in the diocese of Muray, in Scotland," as stated above: and this fact is given sufficient for doubting its correctness. with such precision, that there are hardly grounds A. S. A.

Allahabad.

Conservative Club.

COLBERT, BISHOP OF RODEZ, IN FRANCE.-The bishop of the ancient see of Rodèz, in Guienne, at the period of the first French revolution, was Mgr. Colbert, who was nominated to that

FULLER “HOLY WAR.”- Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." furnish facts relative to the name, residence, or profession of the author of the following lines, which I find written in a very scarce volume of Dr. Thomas Fuller's, i. e. The Historie of the Holy Warre, second edition, sold by J. Williams at the sign of the Greyhound in Paul's Churchyard, 1640? Any information upon the subject will greatly oblige. It begins thus:

"On the Title and Author.

"Shall warr, the ofspring of rebellious pryde,
Disturber of heuens peace, be glorifyed
With a sacred epithite? tis a iarr
That it should have the tearme of Holy Warr;
It is not surely meant the very thing
Is holy, but the holy cause doth bring
A holy stile to a distructive game.
A Turk may haue an honorable name!
Yet warr is not unlawful though it kill,
The Circumstance doth make it good or ill;

What is known of the origin and precise meaning of this rite? This question was asked in Blackwood's Magazine (vol. i. p. 236), but it has not met with any reply. I may be allowed to transcribe the following, which may be interesting to the readers of "N. & Q.":·

:-→→→→

"In the Records of the Presbytery of Edinburgh, Sept. 20, 1586, the following account is given of an oath required from Scots merchants trading to the Baltic, when they passed the Sound:Certan merchants passing to Danskerne, and cuming neir elsinnure, chusing out ane quhen they accompted for the payment of the toill of the goods, And that deposition of ane othe in forme following, viz. Thei present and offer breid and salt to the deponer of the othe, whereon he layis his hand, and deponis his conscience, and sweiris.'" J. MANUEL.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

LORD RABY'S DRAGOONS, ETC. What regiments were the following: Lord Raby's Dragoons; Brigadier Ross's Dragoons; and Murray's Foot? They were engaged in Flanders 1702-4, but do not appear to have any representative in our pre

sent army. SEBASTIAN. SEALY FAMILY. Can any of your correspondents give me any information, or refer me to some source whence such information can be obtained, relating to the family of Sealy? Firstly, as to the origin or derivation of the name, whether Norman or Anglo-Saxon. Secondly, as to the distinction of the three different ways of spelling the name-Sealy, Seely, or Seeley. Thirdly, as to what is known historically of "Sir Benet Seely," mentioned in the last Act of Richard II. as concerned in a rebellion at Oxford.

WALTER EDGINTON, JUN. SILVER MEDAL OF THE MERSEY BOWMEN. In Gore's General Advertiser of July 16, 1795, are these words:

"On Thursday, the 2nd instant, the Mersey Bowmen held their annual meeting, when the silver medal was shot for, at one hundred yards, and won by William Nicholson, Esq., of Braze-nose College, Oxford."

Can you inform me who now possesses this silver medal? BOWMAN.

SKELETONS AT WALTHAM ABBEY.- In the month of June some workmen engaged in excavating for the basement of a building to be erected on the east side of the Harp Inn, Waltham Abbey. disclosed several human skeletons, some of which were buried in so peculiar a manner that I wish to know if any of your readers can give the probable reasons for such mode of sepulture.

The massive foundations of the south boundary wall of the abbey grounds abutting on the main road were laid bare and shewed that the Harp Inn and the buildings just taken down were within the boundary of the ancient cemetery belonging to the abbey, the remainder still forming the churchyard. The buildings recently taken down, it is believed, were standing for more than two hundred years, and covered the ground where these remains were buried. About six feet from the foundations of the south wall, at the depth of about seven feet in the native soil, a workman turned up a dagger-blade about seven inches long, slightly curved, the thickest part of the blade being at the inner edge. This blade was subsequently broken and lost. On removing the earth just below the same spot a perfect skeleton was uncovered, lying nearly due east and west. It was surrounded with lime, retaining its whiteness and friableness. About twenty feet from this spot, towards the abbey, a new well has been dug. When about six feet six inches deep the workmen came upon three stakes, when, proceeding cautiously, they

discovered that these stakes had been driven through three bodies which were lying almost entirely within the circumference of the well, the heads towards the north-west. The bodies were buried something in the form of an open letter V; and the third in the position of the angle of the V, i. e. two heads just out of the circle of the well, the limbs of the two inclining in towards the centre body. Two of the stakes were rough unhewn pieces of oak about four inches in diameter, with the bark on; the other was a piece of wood about three inches by two inches, sawn square, all well pointed. The lower parts of the stakes that had been driven through the bodies into the clayey soil were sound, while the upper parts were decayed. The ground where these three bodies were found appeared to have once been a made path or road through the cemetery towards the south entrance of the abbey church. Other skeletons were also found beneath the site of the demolished buildings, and within the boundary wall; but there were no traces of coffins or anything to indicate the period of interment.

EDMUND LITTLER.

Rendlesham Road, Clapton.