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" Neither school authorities nor district courts are constitutionally required to make year-by-year adjustments of the racial composition of student bodies once the affirmative duty to desegregate has been accomplished and racial discrimination through... "
From Brown to Bakke - Página 350
por J. Harvie Wilkinson - 1981
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United States Reports: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at ..., Volumen439

United States. Supreme Court, John Chandler Bancroft Davis, Henry Putzel, Henry C. Lind, Frank D. Wagner - 1980 - 1224 páginas
...affected by natural human migration as well as by official discrimination, the Swann court observed: "Neither school authorities nor district courts are...through official action is eliminated from the system. . . . [I]n the absence of a showing that either the school authorities or some other agency of the...
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Hearings

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare - 1972 - 1442 páginas
...removed that a school district is not required to reintegrate continually due to de facto changes. "Neither school authorities nor district courts are...year-by-year adjustments of the racial composition duty to desegregate has been accomplished and racial discrimination through official action is eliminated...
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Equal Educational Opportunity: Hearings, Ninety-first Congress ..., Parte11

United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity - 1971 - 136 páginas
...temporarily achieve. And there was no constitutional duty, the Court added, "to make year-by-year adjustmnts of the racial composition of student bodies once the...affirmative duty to desegregate has been accomplished." Arguably it follows that the possibility or even the probability of resegregation cannot excuse failure...
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Equal Educational Opportunity: Hearings Before the Select Committee on Equal ...

United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity - 1971 - 786 páginas
...does not ir.:ply that it will make "ycar-by-yesr adjustments of the racial composition of stur.cnt bodies once the affirmative duty to desegregate has...through official action is eliminated from the system." Sv;ann , supra, at 575. The parties will draw and submit an order to the Court within fifteen (15)...
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School Busing: Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session ...

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee No. 5 - 1972 - 722 páginas
...beyond retrieve." This is particularly true in the light of the dictum in Swann to the effect that "neither school authorities nor district courts are...through official action is eliminated from the system." Put another way, the easy way out for this Court and for the Board would be to order a massive "fruit...
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Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1972, Hearings Before the ...

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare - 1972 - 1512 páginas
...few will do so. Neither school authorities nor district courts are constitutionally required to nuke year-by-year adjustments of the racial composition...through official action is eliminated from the system. This does not mean that Federal courta are without power to deal with tatare problems ; but in the...
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United States Reports: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at ..., Volumen402

United States. Supreme Court, John Chandler Bancroft Davis, Henry Putzel, Henry C. Lind, Frank D. Wagner - 1972 - 922 páginas
...many factors, but probably with none more than the age of the students. Pp. 29-31. Syllabus 402 US 8. Neither school authorities nor district courts are...adjustments of the racial composition of student bodies once a unitary system has been achieved. Pp. 31-32. 431 F. 2d 138, affirmed as to those parts in which it...
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Selected Court Decisions Relating to Equal Educational Opportunity ... March ...

United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity - 1972 - 678 páginas
...will vary with many factors, but probably with none more than the age of the students. Pp. 25-27. 8. Neither school authorities nor district courts are...adjustments of the racial composition of student bodies once a unitary system has been achieved. Pp. 27-28. 431 F. 2d 138 affirmed as to those parts in which it...
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School Busing: Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session ...

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee No. 5 - 1972 - 646 páginas
...of the Nation continues to change, local educational agencies are not required by the Constitution to make year-by-year adjustments of the racial composition...once the affirmative duty to desegregate has been fulfilled and racial discrimination through official action in public schools has been eliminated....
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Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare - 1972 - 1418 páginas
...removed that a school district is not required to reintegrate continually due to de facto changes. "Neither school authorities nor district courts are...year-by-year adjustments of the racial composition duty to desegregate has been accomplished and racial discrimination through official action is eliminated...
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