tracts, and some digressions, have been removed; and the space thus gained has prevented the new matter from swelling the work to an inconvenient size. Many references and other bibliographical details have been added, although the principle of abstinence from unnecessary citation has still been preserved. The labor bestowed on this Edition will, I hope, render it more worthy of public acceptance. To my friend, the Rev. W. G. Clark, of Trinity College, Cambridge, an acknowledgment is due for the kindness with which he permitted me to profit by his accomplished scholarship and taste, in the revision of the proofs; but while thanking him publicly for his many suggestions and corrections, I must exonerate him from every iota of responsibility either as to the opinions or the statements in this volume. The Introduction explains the purpose of this History and the principles of its composition; let me therefore only add here that, although availing myself of the labors of other historians and critics, I have not restricted myself to them. The works of the various philosophers, with rare exceptions, have been studied at first hand, and have furnished the extracts and abstracts; that is to say, I have either collected the passages myself, or have verified them by reference to the originals, in almost all cases. While, therefore, this History makes no pretension to a place beside the many erudite and comprehensive Histories previously published, it claims to be regarded as something very different from a mere compilation. The novelty of its conception made direct acquaintance with the originals indispensable. Having to exhibit the Biography of Philosophy in its rise, growth, and development, I could not always have drawn my In another respect also I have innovated, namely, in The following list comprises some of the many general In French.-Degérando, Histoire Comparée des Sys- XIX Siècle, 1 vol.; Galuppi, Lettres Philosophiques, 1 vol. In German.-Ritter, Geschichte der Philosophie, 9 vols.; Tennemann, Geschichte der Philosophie, 11 vols. ; Hegel, Geschichte der Philosophie, 3 vols.; Zeller, Die Philosophie der Griechen, 2 vols.; Brandis, Geschichte der Griechisch-Römischen Philosophie, 2 vols. Speculations on the Nature of the Universe. CHAPTER I. THE PHYSICISTS.-Thales.-Anaximenes.-Diogenes of CHAPTER II. THE MATHEMATICIANS.-Anaximander of Miletus.-Py- thagoras.-Philosophy of Pythagoras.-Translations from Aristotle's CHAPTER III. THE ELEATICS.Xenophanes.-The Philosophy of Intellectual Crisis.-The Insufficiency of all Attempts towards a Solution of the Problem of Existence, as well as that of Knowledge, produces the Partial Adoption of the Socratic Method. The Megaric School.-Euclid.-The Cyrenaic School.-Aristippus.-The PAGE 87 Complete Adoption and Application of the Socratic Method. PLATO.-Life of Plato.-Plato's Writings: their Character, Object, and Authenticity. Plato's Method.-Plato's Ideal Theory.-Plato's Psy- chology. Summary of Plato's Dialectics.-Plato's Theology and Cosmology.-Plato's View of the Beautiful and the Good.-Plato's CHAPTER I. ARISTOTLE.-Life of Aristotle.-Aristotle's Method.- Philosophy allies itself with Faith: the Alexandrian Schools. CHAPTER I. RISE OF NEO-PLATONISM.-Alexandria.-Philo......... 807 CHAPTER II. ANTAGONISM OF CHRISTIANITY AND NEO-PLATONISM.-Plo- tinus.-The Alexandrian Dialectics.-The Alexandrian Trinity.- FROM PROCLUS TO BACON.-Scholasticism.-Life of Abelard.-Philosophy |