speaking of the place where matter is, they assume that the boundary of impenetrability is the same as the boundary of colour; a thing not only unproved, but from several circumstances, unlikely. [See REFLEXION.]

2. We have those who would substitute pure hypothetical causes, such as Newton declines entering into, to explain the phenomenon of attraction. One writer requires no more than that all bodies should be composed of two distinct sets of particles, the one set of water, the other of some volatile fluid from which he thinks he deduces attraction; another is satisfied with an efflux and reflux of a fluid from and to the sun, to cause what he denominates the centripetal and centrifugal forces: evidently confounding the nature of the two in a manner which could not have been done by any person who had read Newton. A third fills the whole universe with streams of matter which are always passing through every point in every direction. On all these we shall only observe, that, in their attempts to produce an explanation of the phenomenon, they admit the phenomenon itself, which is all that Newton contended for; but as their motto is that of the Templars, Semper feriatur Leo, they must have Newton on the other side, which is done by making him the advocate of what we have called physical

attraction.

3. We have those who leave out of view the main fact, that Newton explains phenomena as they really are, and who treat the results as hypothetical, as well as the principle. 'Let the idea,' says one writer, of particles of matter attracting each other be impressed upon the mind, and it will then dilate upon their mutual actions, calculate the density of substances composed by them, whirl them at pleasure in empty space, and show in what manner their motions will be disturbed by the actions of each upon the other.' But it is here forgotten that the whirls alluded to were not made at pleasure,' but they were 'whirls' actually taking place which were examined, in order to see how they did whirl. Newton laid by his theory of attraction for years, as a forgotten thing, because he found that, with the received notions of the earth's magnitude, it would not give the moon the motion which she is actually found to possess: it was only when he received the more accurate measurement of Picard that he resumed his inquiry. Did he whirl his planets at pleasure?'

4. Another class of objectors cannot conceive how attraction can be, and therefore they reject it. This argument is wholly unanswerable, because it is impossible to see on what part of the subject it bears, or how it is shown to be unreasonable to admit nothing as proved, except what can be conceived and accounted for. Nothing, except an absolute contradiction in terms, can be rejected on this ground. 5. All the above objections have been at one time or other advanced by men of knowledge: there remains one class more, namely, that of men who, being ignorant of mechanics, deduce from wrong reasonings results which are not found in the heavens, on which they deny the truth of the principle. To this class, we are happy to say, personal aspersion, and imputations of intentionally misleading others, have been for the most part confined. The common mistake is a confusion between the words velocity and force, being much the same as if they confounded the drops which are pouring into a cistern for the time being, with the whole body of rain in the cistern itself. We quote another instance. A certain traveller remarks that it cannot be that the sun attracts a planet, at the very time when the planet is flying off from it. What more could it do, if it were really repelled?' He does not see that the same argument applies to a stone thrown up into the air; and moreover, that what it could do more, if really repelled, would be to describe a convex curve, instead of one always concave towards the centre of force. To those who have any acquaintance with mechanics it is unnecessary to say anything upon such objections: to others who have not, we recommend, if they form an opinion upon this question, which it is noways necessary they should do, to follow either those who have studied it, or those who have not, whichever they have found most advantageous in the common business of life.

The history of attraction, independently of that of astronomy, consists in some scattered hints upon the principle, to be found in writers of all ages, previous to the time of Newton; sometimes as a mere word expressive of an unknown cause, but more frequently upon the assumed principle that like things must always move towards like.

Mention of something of the kind is found m Aristotle, Plu tarch (who records it as a very antient opinion that the moon's centrifugal tendency was balanced by her weight), Lucretius, and other antient writers. Roberval, Kepler, Galileo, Borelli, and others, revived the idea, but without deducing any phenomena, except that of the descent of falling bodies, which was explained by Galileo. Bouillaud suggested that the law of attraction must be the inverse square of the distance; but without any substantial reason. Huygens found the law of the centrifugal and centripetal forces of a body moving in a circle; and Hook described the principal phenomena in 1674, in terms remarkably curious [see Hook], but without deducing any of the heavenly motions. The story, therefore, of Newton's being led to the notion of attraction by the fall of an apple, is most probably incorrect; though his thoughts might have been turned to the subject by such an incident. Indeed, here, as in the case of the prismatic spectrum, our idea of Newton's power is enhanced by knowing the fact that the notion, and even the very law, had already been in such hands as those of the men we have mentioned. Newton was the first who showed that Kepler's laws [see ASTRONOMY] were necessary, upon the supposition of an attraction inversely as the square of the distance; and impossible upon any other.

On the continent, the Cartesian doctrines generally prevailed till Maupertius, in 1732, first broached the question, in his Discourse on the Figure of the Stars. For the progress of the application of the principle since that time, see ASTRONOMY.

ATTRITION, from the Latin, means the act of rubbing together. For its effects, see FRICTION, HEAT.

ATTWOOD, GEORGE, was born in 1745, took a distinguished degree at Cambridge in 1769, and afterwards became fellow and tutor of Trinity College in that university. He gave public lectures in experimental philosophy, and died in 1807. He is known by his treatise On the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies, Cambridge, 1784, which continued for some time to be much read in the university; by some papers in the Phil. Trans.; by his tracts on Bridges, 1801 and 1804; and by a contrivance known by the name of Attwood's Machine, the principle of which merits some notice.

When a constant or uniform force acts upon a mass, it produces equal accessions of velocity in equal times, and the whole distances described are as the squares of the times: that is, whatever length is described in the first second, four times as much is described in the first two seconds, nine times as much in the first three, and so on. [See ACCELE RATING FORCE.] That is, the length described during the first second being called 1, that described during the second second is 3, that during the third 5, and so on. Where the weight of a mass is the pressure applied, and the mass itself only is moved, that is, where a body falls freely in vacuo, the velocity created in every second is found to be 324 feet, and the spaces described in successive seconds are 16' feet, three times 16 feet, five times 16, &c. These are distances too great on which to try experiments; and Attwood's machine is a method of contriving systems which shall move under constant forces of less amount, so that the space described during four or five seconds shall not require a very great fall. The principle made use of is one which is well known in mechanics, namely, that if a pressure A, acting uniformly upon a mass B, produce a certain velocity per second, it will only produce half that velocity when acting on a mass twice as great as B, &c., and will produce twice as much velocity in a mass half as great as B, &c. Suppose, for instance, weights of six and seven pounds hang over a pulley, the weight and friction of which we neglect for the present; if both weights were six pounds, the machine would not move therefore, the moving pressure is the one pound by which the one weight exceeds the other This weight, if it had only its own mass to move, or if it feli freely, would generate 324 feet of velocity per second; but before this system can move, 6+7 or 13 pounds must be stirred by 1 pound, and there will only be the 13th part of 32 feet of velocity produced in one second, that is, about 2 feet. Therefore, in one second, the heavier weight will fall only 1 foot; and in 5 seconds, 25 times as much, or 30 feet. And the velocity acquired may be reduced in any proportion, by making the weights more nearly equal.

Attwood's machine is a pulley, the pivots of which, instead of being placed in a block, are sustained on FRICTION WHEELS (which see), to diminish the friction. Two weights

are hung over this by a string, and the mass moved consists of the two weights, the pulley and the friction wheels. But it is proved in mechanics that the effect, both of having the mass of the wheels to move, and of the friction, is a constant retarding force for instance, in the preceding illustration, the machine might be so constructed that the effect should be to make the system move as if the larger weight were 6 pounds instead of 7, and the pulley were without density and friction. The velocity can be so far reduced as to render the resistance of the air insensible.

The length described in any time is measured by a vertical scale of feet, placed close to the line of motion of one of the weights. To measure the velocity acquired at any point, the moving pressure (the excess of one weight above

A'TYA (Zoology), a genus of crustaceous animals, thus characterized by Leach :

Antennæ, interio", furnished with two bristles, inserted in the same horizontal line; exterior, inserted below the interior, about the length of the body, furnished at the base with a great scale which is unidentate, or one-toothed exter nally. Pedipalpi external, the last joint shortest; flagrum elongated.

Feet. The two anterior pairs equal, penultimate joint shortest; last joint divided; lacinia equal, furnished at the apex with long cilia; third pair large, unequal, furnished with a very short nail; two posterior pairs furnished with a moderate-sized nail.

Tail, with the exterior lamella bipartite.

'It forms, says Leach, a peculiar subdivision of the shrimp family, and one species only is known.'

the other) must be taken off, in order that there may be no fresh accession of velocity, or that the system may proceed only with the velocity acquired. This is effected by making the larger weight in two parts, one part equal to the smaller weight, and the other of course to the excess or moving pressure. The latter is so formed that it cannot pass through a certain ring, while the former can. By fixing this ring to any required point of the scale of feet, the moving pressure is taken off when the larger weight passes through it.

Legs fourteen; first and second pair furnished with a small compressed hand, which has a moveable thumb; the other pairs having only a simple claw.

Tail, on each side, with a triple series of double styles; upper part on each side armed with a small spine or style. Body (including the head) composed of twelve joints. Example-Atylus carinatus (Gammarus carinatus.) Fabr.

Attwood's machine is not a very satisfactory proof of the laws of uniformly accelerated motion, because the constancy of the retardation caused by the complicated motion given to the pulleys, and by the friction, is a more difficult experimental fact than the one to be proved. Of the four principles-1. the law of uniformly accelerated motion-2. the constancy of the retardation caused by the having to communicate every acceleration also to the pulley and friction wheels-3. the constancy of the retardation arising from friction-4 the smallness of the resistance of the air to small velocities-this machine may be made to prove any one to a spectator who admits the other three.

[Atylus carinatus..]

AU, or AUE, is the termination of the names of many places in Germany. It signifies, in its restricted sense, meadow, but is often applied to the tract of level and fertile land on the side of a river, in which sense it is used in Scotland and the north of England, in the form of haugh, as in North-haugh, &c. It is also applied to the valley of a river, such as in Scotland is termed a carse, as in the instance of the Wetter-au, or valley of the Wetter, a beautiful and fertile district in Hesse Darmstadt.

AUBAGNE, a small town in France, in the department of Bouches du Rhône. It is not far from the sea-coast, and on the road from Marseilles to Toulon, ten miles from the former place. The country around is pleasant. The trade of the town is chiefly in tiles and wine. Coal is found in

the neighbourhood. The inhabitants amounted, in 1804, to between 5000 and 6000. We have no authority of later date except the Guide des Voyageurs of M. Reichard, which gives the population at 6000. Before the Revolution, there was a nunnery of the order of St. Augustin; and the assembly of the states of Provence was sometimes held here. The Abbé Barthélemi, author of the Travels of the Younger Anacharsis, was born in the neighbourhood of Aubagne Various antiquities have been found in the environs. (Dictionnaire Universel de la France.)

AUBAINE, the name of the prerogative by which the sovereigns of France formerly claimed the property of a stranger who died within their kingdom, not having been naturalized. It also extended to the property of a foreigner who had been naturalized, if he died without a will and had not left an heir; as likewise to the succession to any remaining property of a person who had been invested with the privileges of a native subject, but who had quitted, and established himself in a foreign country. (See Merlin, Répertoire de Jurisprudence, tom. i. p. 523.) It is called, in the French laws, the Droit d'Aubaine. Authors have varied in giving its etymology. Nicot (Thresor de la Langue Françoyse tant ancienne que moderne, fol., Paris, 1606) says it was anciently spelt Hobaine, from the verb hober, which signifies to remove from one place to another; Cujacius (Opera, fol., Neap. 1758, tom. ix., col. 1719) derives the word from advena, a foreigner or stranger; and Du Cange (Glossar. v. Aubain) from Albanus, the name formerly given to the Scotch, who were great travellers. Ménage (Dict. Etym. fol., Paris, 1694) says, some have derived the word from the Latin, alibi natus, a person born elsewhere, which seems the best explanation. (See also Walafridus Strabo, De Vita S. Galli, Ì. ii., c. 47.)

This practice of confiscating the effects of strangers upon their death was very ancient, and is mentioned, though obscurely, in one of the laws of Charlemagne, A.D. 813. (Capitularia Regum Francorum, curante P. de Chiniac, fol. Paris, 1780. col. 507, § 6.

The Droit d'Aubaine was originally a seignorial right in the provinces of France. Brussel, in his Nouvel Examen de l'Usage général des Fiefs en France pendant le xi., le xii., le xiii., et le xiv. siécle, 4to. Paris, 1727, tom. ii., p. 944, has an express chapter, 'Des Aubains, in which he shows that the barons of France, more particularly in the twelfth century, exercised this right upon their lands. He especially instances Raoul, Comte de Vermandois, A.D. 1151.

Subsequently, however, it was annexed to the Crown only, inasmuch as the king alone could give the exemption from it, by granting letters of naturalization.

Various edicts, declarations, and letters-patent relating to the Droit d'Aubaine, between the years 1301 and 1702, are referred to in the Dictionnaire Universel de Justice of M. Chasles, 2 tom. fol., Paris, 1725; others, to the latest time, are given or referred to in the Code Diplomatique des Aubains, par J. B. Gaschon, 8vo., Paris, 1818. The Duc de Levis, in his speech in the Chamber of Peers, when proposing its final abolition, 14th April, 1818, mentioned St. Louis as the first monarch of France who had relaxed the severity of the law (compare Etablissemens de S. Louis, 1. i. c. 3.); and Louis le Hutin as having abolished it entirely in 1315 (compare the Recueil des Ordonnances du Louvre, tom. i., p. 610), but, as it turned out, for his own reign only. Exemption from the operation of the Droit d'Aubaine was granted in 1364 by Charles V. in favour of persons born within the states of the Roman Church. Louis XI., in 1472, granted a similar exemption to strangers dwelling at Toulouse; and Francis I., in 1543, to strangers resident in Dauphiné. Charles IX., in 1569, allowed exemption from it to merchant-strangers frequenting the fairs at Lyons. Henry IV., in 1608, granted exemption to the subjects of the Republic of Geneva. Louis XIV., in 1702, to the subjects of the Duke of Lorraine. (Chasles, Dict. tom. i. pp. 265. 267.) The Swiss and the Scotch of the king's guard had been exempted by King Henry II. (Bacquet, Traité de Droit d' Aubaine, p. i., c. 7.)

Partial exemptions from the Droit d'Aubaine were frequently conventional, and formed clauses in treaties, which stipulated for reciprocal relief to the subjects of the contracting parties; these exemptions, it is probable, continued no longer than the peace which the treaty had procured, and some related to moveable goods only.

In the treaty of commerce between England and France,

|

in 1606, the Jus Albinatûs, as it is termed, was to be aban doned as related to the English: ita ut in posterum aliquo modo jure Albinatûs fisco addici non possint. (Rvm. Foed. tom. xvi., p. 650.) Letters-patent of Louis XIV. in 1669, confirmed in the parliament of Grenoble in 1674, exempted the Savoyards; and this exemption was confirmed by the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. The inhabitants of the Catholic cantons of Switzerland were exempted by treaty in 1715. The particulars of numerous other conventional treaties are recorded in M. Gaschon's work, in the speech of the Duc de Levis already referred to, and in the Rapport' from the Marquis de Clermont Tonnerre to the French Chamber of Peers, printed in the Moniteur for 1819, pp. 96 98. Louis XV. granted exemptions, first to Denmark and Sweden; then, in the treaty called the Family Compact,' to Spain and Naples; to Austria, in 1766; to Bavaria, in 1768; to the noblesse of Franconia, Suabia, and the Upper and Lower Rhine, in 1769; to the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland, in 1771; and to Holland, in 1773. In Louis XVIth's reign, other treaties of the same kind were made with Saxony, Poland, Portugal, and the United States. The abolition of the Aubaine, as it related to Russia, was a distinet article of another treaty; and, finally, by letterspatent, dated January, 1787, its abolition was pronounced in favour of the subjects of Great Britain.

The National Assembly, by laws dated August 6, 1790, and April 13, 1791 (confirmed by a constitutional act 3d of September, 1791), abolished the Droit d'Aubaine entirely. It was nevertheless re-established in 1804. (Moniteur for 1818, p. 551.) The Treaty of Paris, 30th of April, 1814, confirmed the exemptions from the Aubaine as far as they were acknowledged in existing treaties. The final abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine, as already mentioned, was proposed by the Duc de Levis, April 14, 1818, and passed into a law July 14, 1819; confirming the laws of 1790 and 1791. Foreigners can now hold lands in France by as firm a tenure as native subjects.

The Droit d'Aubaine was occasionally relaxed, by the kings of France, upon minor considerations. In the very early part of the 14th century, an exemption was obtained by the University of Paris for its students, as an encouragement to their increasing numbers. Charles V. granted the privilege in 1364 to such Castilian mariners as wished to trade with France. In 1366 he extended it to Italian merchants who traded to Nismes. The fairs of Champagne were encouraged in the same manner; and exemptions to traders were also granted by Charles VIII. and Louis XI. Francis I. granted the exemption to foreigners who served in his army; Henry IV. to those who drained the marshes, or worked in the tapestry-looms. Louis XIV. extended the exemption to the particular manufacturers who worked at Beauvais and the Gobelins; then to the glass-manufacturers who had come from Venice; in 1662, to the Dunkirkers, whose town he had acquired by purchase from England; and, lastly, to strangers settled at Marseilles, that city having become the entrepôt of products from the Levant.

Ambassadors and persons in their suite were not subject to the Droit d'Aubaine; nor did it affect persons accidentally passing through the country. Still it was no small disgrace to the French law that this barbarous custom should have so long remained among a people so highly civilized. Bouteiller, one of their own jurisprudents, who wrote as early as the fifteenth century, calls it 'un Droit hayneux. (Somme Rural, fol., Lyon, 1500, fol. ii.)

That the Droit d'Aubaine existed in Italy, in the papal states, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, seems established by Muratori, Antiq. Ital. Medii Evi. fol. Mediol. 1739, tom. ii., col. 14.

An extensive treatise on the Droit d'Aubaine has been already quoted in the works of Jean Bacquet, avocat de Roi en la Chambre de Thresor, fol., Paris, 1665. See als Memoires du Droit d'Aubaine, at the end of M. Dupuy's Traitez touchant les Droits du Roy très Chrestien, fol., Par 1655; and the Coutumes du Balliage de Vitry en Perthois. par Estienne Durand, fol. Châlons, 1722, p. 254. But the most comprehensive view of this law, in all its bearings. will be found in the Répertoire Universel et Raisonné de Jurisprudence, par M. Merlin, 4to., Paris, 1827, tom. i. p. 523, art. Aubaine; tom. vii. p. 416, art. Heritier. The Moniteurs of 1818 and 1819 contain abstracts of the discus sions while the abolition was passing through the tw Chambers at Paris. See the latter year, pp. 314, 315, 509

The possession of a fortress was at that day the great guarantee of independence.. It instantly raised an officer to political importance, and gave him almost the rank of a grandee. The acquisition of this great privilege was not likely to render so turbulent a personage as D'Aubigné more obsequious or mild. He was in a little time again at variance with Henry, embracing the party of the Huguenots, and openly preferring their interests to court favour. Nevertheless, when it was necessary to confide the Cardinal of Bourbon to a trusty guardian, Henry selected D'Aubigné, notwithstanding the expostulation of his counsellors, adding, that D'Aubigné's word was a sufficient guarantee for his faith.

From the period of Henry's desertion of protestantism, D'Aubigné was one of the firmest supports of the Huguenot interests, always representing them in their assemblies, often in their controversies, and in their negotiations with the court. D'Aubigné asserts that the ruin of the Huguenots and the downfall of their cause were owing to the corruption of their chiefs, who for the most part received bribes or places, and were thus induced to relax in their opposition and independence. Nor does he exempt Sully himself from this charge. As to D'Aubigné, one thing is certain, that he might have been rich, like his comrades, and that he was almost the only one who remained poor. His voice was always raised for Huguenot independence against the insidious proposals of the court. On one occasion he conducted a controversy with Cardinal Du Perron, and engaged for the Huguenots that they would submit to what could be proved to have been the practice of the church for the first 400 years of Christianity. Grant us forty more in addition, said the cardinal, wishing to include the Chalcedonian Council. I will,' replied D'Aubigné. When expostulated with for his concessions, he answered, Does not the cardinal own by his demand of forty more years, that the traditions of the first four centuries are at variance with his propositions? Numerous controversial tracts proceeded from his pen at this period. But the chief fruit of his residence at Maillezais was The History of his own Times, a valuable document for the Huguenots of France. It has been compared to the work of De Thou, and even preferred to it. De Thou, however, wrote a history, and D Aubigné a memoir, his work being a lively picture of passing events, feats of war, and intrigues of court, in which the characters of the personages concerned are sketched by a satiric but lively pen. The Catholics did their utmost, first to prevent D'Aubigné from writing it, then to suppress it when written. The last volume was printed at Maillezais in 1619, and in the following year it was condemned by the Parlement of Paris to be burned. The publication increased the hatred of the queen to D'Aubigné. The ministry had made frequent overtures to purchase the possession of his fortress; and when at last he found it no longer tenable, he gave it up, not to the court, but to the chief noble of the Huguenot party, the Duke de Rohan. Having thus closed his political career, D'Aubigné retired to Geneva. He arrived there in September, 1620, and was most honourably received. He lived in exile ten years, during which he employed his time in study, in writing, and in directing the fortifications raised at that time around the Swiss towns, and among them Berne and Basle, as bulwarks of the protestant interest. The French court ceased not to disturb and persecute him, and, according to his own account, to procure his condemnation to death for making use of the materials of a church in building. It was the fourth judgment of death pronounced against him; such sentences, however, were not always serious in those days. Neither his condemnation nor his age prevented D'Aubigné from espousing a noble lady of Geneva at this period. His last years were imbittered by the scandalous conduct of his son

The works of D'Aubigné are numerous and various. They consist of poems, dramas, controversial tracts, his great history, memoirs of himself, and various satirical writings against his cotemporaries. Of these the principal are, the Confession Catholique de M. De Sancy, and Les Aventures du Baron de Foeneste. The first is directed against De Sancy, finance minister, and against Cardinal du Perron. The latter is supposed to mean the Duc D'Epemas, with whom D'Aubigné had frequent quarrels.

AUBIN, ST., a town in the island of Jersey, situated opposite to St. Helier, the capital of the island. The walk from the one to the other is 3 miles, and is very delightful. On the left is a beautiful view of the bay to which this little town gives a name; on the right is the rich and fertile valley of St. Laurens, abounding with neat cottages and charming landscapes. The air of St. Aubin is preferred to that of St. Helier; house-rent and lodgings are cheaper, and the situation is certainly more retired. The prospect from the adjoining hill, called 'Noirmont,' to the south of this town, is very fine and extensive. St. Aubin consists of one principal street of about fifty houses, with as many more scattered in different directions. There is here a chapel of ease, a good meeting-house for the independent dissenters, which has an endowment; and a Wesleyan methodist congregation. The population of the parish of St. Brelades, in which this town stands, was, in 1831-males, 953; females, 1116; total, 2069;-composing 342 families: of which 128 were employed in agriculture, 101 in trade, manufacture, and handicraft, and 113 not comprised in the two preceding classes. The inhabited houses were 307, uninhabited 9, and 3 building; total, 319. The church is neither adorned with spire nor tower; it was consecrated 27th May, A.D. 1111. The pier is capacious; but its site not having been very judiciously chosen, the depth of water, except in spring tides, will not admit of large vessels entering the harbour; it is however good, and strong-built. There is also a market-place in this town. St. Aubin is defended by a little fortress called 'The Tower, or St. Aubin's Castle, with a projecting pier, within which vessels, even men-ot war, may lie in safety: this fortification is insulated at highwater. The police of St. Brelades is composed of a constable (an officer similar to that of mayor in England), two centeniers, and fifteen police officers, who constitute the jury called Enditement,' and four Vingteniers,' who have the power of seizing on their vingtaine only. (Communication from Jersey.)

AUBREY, JOHN, an eminent English antiquary, was born at Easton Piers, in Wiltshire, on March 12 (accord ing to the memoir prefixed to his Antiquities of Surrey, but according to that prefixed to the second edition of his Miscellanies, on November 3), 1625-6. He was the eldest son of Richard, only son of John Aubrey of Burleton, in Herefordshire, by Deborah, daughter and heiress of Isaac Lyte of Easton Piers, by whom that estate came into his family. (Mem. prefixed to History of Surrey, p. iii,) He received his education in the grammar-school at Malmesbury, under Mr. Robert Latymer, who had also been preceptor to the famous Thomas Hobbes, with whom afterwards, notwithstanding disparity of years, Mr. Aubrey formed a lasting friendship. In 1642 he was entered a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, where he pursued his studies diligently; making the natural history and antiquities of England, at the same time, his peculiar delight. Here he formed an acquaintance with Anthony à Wood, to whose collections for the history of the University and its writers he became a contributor (Life of Wood prefixed to Bliss's edit. of the Athenæ Oxon. p. lx.), as well as to the Monasticon Anglicanum, then recently undertaken by Dodsworth and Dugdale. In 1646 he became a member of the Middle Temple, but the death of his father, in 1652, prevented his pursuing the law as a profession. He now succeeded to several estates in the counties of Wilts, Surrey, Hereford, Brecknock, and Monmouth; and in his Miscellanies he acquaints us that he had also an estate in Kent. In 1656 he became one of the club of commonwealth-men, formed on the principles of Harrington's Oceana, printed in that year. Wood (Athen. Oxon. edit. Bliss, vol. iii. col. 1119.) says, 'Their discourses about