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tralia, New Zealand, and other British possessions in this part of the world are moved as never before, because of their sacrifices in this war and the new light it has brought them, to insist upon court justice in preference to the hold-up methods of the Hun robber.

As the United States, Japan, China, South America, Australia, Russia, and British Canada face one another upon this great highway of the world's commerce the supreme question is not, which nation or group of nations will "master" the Pacific, but, how are these vast world communities going to live together as friendly and sympathetic neighbors? They who talk about the mastery of that which is the common property of all speak the language of Prussianism, and Prussianism as a world force is dead-it died

in the summer of 1914 when it consigned a solemn obligation to the waste-basket, calling it a "scrap of paper."

When has there been a more opportune time than now to rally the moral forces of the world to create a concert of power; to substitute for national ambitions a community of interest; to strive for, instead of the "mastery" of the Pacific, the mastery of international anarchy? Indeed, if this last were accomplished by the Great War, it would mean, in the words of our distinguished President, "a reign of law, based upon the consent of the governed and sustained by the organized opinion of mankind" a consummation dreamed of for long centuries by "forward looking" men and women, and a rich heritage to pass on to our children and our children's children.

The New Humanism

From Wesleyan University Bulletin

THE college will not, for the fu

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ture, teach subjects nor students elect courses merely as training for a particular occupation in life but with the ideal of life-work as a profession and of the graduate's position in life as that of a man of culture, public spirit, and civic leadership whether in the small community or in the large city, whether in the homeland or in foreign climes. College men must fit themselves for something more than a station in life, they must prepare for leadership.

Neither the interests of the propertied classes nor the rights of the working people will be able to conscript the support of educated men. To them has fallen the lot of leadership in the great crusade against horror, crime and autocracy, and right splendidly have they acquitted themselves. On them, too, rests the responsibility of conserving the fruits of civilization, of developing the forces of cohesion in society, and of securing the stability of sound democratic government amid the conflict of classes, as well as from

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the clash of nationalist ambitions. The spirit of the Lord is upon them that they shall discern truth, preach righteousness, and enforce justice. They must save society; if they fail, the future is without hope, for neither in Bourbonism nor in Bolshevism is there salvation.

College training, moreover, can no longer have in view life and service in any single community or nation. In its outlook it must rise above provincialism to grapple with the larger interests of state and nation and above patriotism to promote Christianity and to improve humanity in other lands. Through the four years of world-strife Americans have poured forth to other lands to trade, to minister, and to fight. In the years ahead South America, Russia, China, India and Africa will appeal to the Christian democracy of the United States for the cultured and consecrated men who shall lead them to light, liberty, and life. The field of action for the American college man is no longer the United States alone but the world.

Whether engaged primarily in scientific, scholarly, or business pursuits the American college graduate,

In a New Year's message to America, given to the Associated Press, Pope Benedict said:

"On the eve of the new year, in which humanity is at last to enjoy the blessings of peace, we are glad to send cordial greetings to the American people as the champions of those same principles which have been proclaimed by both President Wilson and the Holy See, insuring for the world justice, peace and Christian love.

"In this solemn moment, when a new era in the history of the world is about to begin, we pray that the Almighty may shed His light upon the delegates who are meeting in Paris to settle the fate of mankind,

to grasp the larger opportunity and to render the fuller service, must possess, besides an expert's command of his chosen field, such ready use of languages, such liberal understanding of letters and thought, such comprehension of historical development and of political and social problems that he can live and lead not merely in any place or position in his own land but, as need requires, among other peoples.

Specialized instruction alone will no longer serve; liberal culture will be indispensable alike to the clergyman and the chemist, to the educator and the electrician, to the physician and the financier, to the lawyer and the trader. Faithfulness and efficiency in routine will suffice for the mechanic and the journeyman, but the college graduate must combine with them strong character, loyal devotion to high ideals, quick-sighted ingenuity, versatile intelligence, eager initiative, ready adaptability, for all these virtues are exactingly required of the generation which is entering upon the greatest age in human advancement-the age not of steel or electricity nor yet of science, but the age of the new humanism.

and especially upon President Wilson as the head of the noble nation which has written such glorious pages in the annals of human progress.

"May the conference be of such a nature as to remove any resentment, abolish forever wars among brothers, establish harmony and concord and promote useful labor.

"Out of the Peace Conference may there be born that League of Nations which, by abolishing conscription, will reduce armaments; which, by establishing international tribunals, will eliminate or settle disputes; which, placing peace upon a foundation of solid rock, will guarantee to everyone independence and equality of rights."

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League of Nations

FFICIALS and members of The World's Court League are enlisted to do all they can for the establishment of a League of Nations, with special emphasis upon those institutions which through mediation and judicial procedure shall insure justice and good will, so that results of victory in the war may be transmuted into terms of a durable peace.

Dr. James Brown Scott went to Paris with the Presidential party, and is attached to the American Peace Commission as an expert adviser on international law. He is a member of the Executive Committee of The World's Court League and the editorial staff of THE WORLD COURT MAGAZINE. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of our Executive Committee and International Council, sailed for Paris this month. Hon. W. L. McKenzie King (Canada) of the International Council plans a European trip for next month for special attention to industrial conditions. Several members of the National Advisory Board of The World's Court League have special work abroad and will take every opportunity to work for the best results from the Peace Conference. Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews represents the United States Bureau of Education at the Peace Conference. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise is representing the Zionist Organization. Professor Philip Van Ness Myers is engaged in educational work of the Y. M. C. A. overseas during demob

ilization. Dr. James L. Barton and President J. H. T. Main of Grinnell College have started for Turkey with the Special Commission of the American Committee for Relief in the Near East.

Below is given the first instalment of responses to a letter of greeting from the General Secretary of The World's Court League which have been received from members of the National Advisory Board. Several larger contributions to this League symposium are published on other pages of this magazine.

ARTHUR CAPPER Governor of Kansas, United States Senator-Elect

I shall not be able to go to Paris during the peace conference, but I am very strongly in favor of the League of Nations and World's Court League idea and shall do everything I can to further the movement. To my mind it is imperative that there be some world-wide tribunal of this kind before which future international questions may be brought for adjudication.

J. H. RALSTON
American Counsel in case of the

Pious Fund at the Hague

I entertain the very sincere hope that out of all of the noise and confusion of the present there will be reached some common ground of action. I am bound to believe that this will take the shape of an international court, resort to which shall be in some sense of the word compulsory

as to all matters incapable of friendly adjustment. If this be so, one of the greatest steps toward a real league of nations will have been taken with the formation of a court of established power whose sentences will carry with them an immense moral force. The way will be facilitated toward international union, legislatively and administratively. No man is wise enough to prophesy as to their details.

MARY E. WOOLLEY

proper. However, I would not be in favor of a League of Nations which would preclude us from adopting at present or in the future what we conceive to be the best economic policy for this nation. All controversies arising between any two or more nations of the earth should be judicially determined and settled, and I think that the plan the League proposes is the only advisable one to be adopted by civilized nations. If we have not reached that stage of de

President of Mount Holyoke College, velopment of civilization and Chris

Massachusetts

It is possible that I shall be in Paris at some time during the Peace Conference and if I am, I will do all in my power to work for the League of Nations. In planning for several talks during this coming month, I find that I have no heart to speak on anything except that subject!

Harold Williams is right when he says: "If the League of Nations is a Utopia, then our spiritual strength is exhausted and civilization will go down in a welter of barbarous slaughter."

The support of the League of Nations ideal seems to me the supreme task of to-day and I pledge to it all that I am able to give.

J. C. PRITCHARD
United States Circuit Judge

Asheville, N. C. I thoroughly agree with you in the statement that the moment has arrived when we may hope to see the results of victory "transmuted into terms of a durable peace." The means proposed to secure this result by our League are, I think, eminently

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tianity where nations are willing to submit their differences to an organized tribunal, it is strong evidence of the fact that Bolshevism, under one form or another, is dominant in the minds of the majority of the peoples of the world. A refusal to arbitrate any controversy is based on the idea that one party to the affair feels that he ought not to come under the law. We have evidence of this spirit in America-much evidence in many

sections. It constitutes the most serious problem that we will have to deal with during the next twentyfive years.

EDMUND J. JAMES President University of Illinois I beg to say that I am afraid that I shall not be able to get to Paris at any time during the Peace Conference, but I do hope that out of this may grow some permanent form of settling international disputes which to an ever-increasing extent will make war unnecessary.

I regret that I cannot share the optimistic views of my most hopeful brethren, that it will be possible to

avoid all future wars, but I do feel that every step forward along the line of policy adopted by The World's Court League will bring us nearer to the time when war will be a

very exceptional method of settling human disputes, and so we may fairly ask all lovers of peace to join with us in the enterprise.

EDWARD A. STEINER

'Grinnell College, Iowa

I thoroughly believe that for us the war has just begun, and that every effort must be put forth to achieve our end. I am willing to do anything, to go anywhere at any cost to myself. Please command me in any way and at any time. I am enlisted.

JAMES F. COLBY Emeritus Professor, Dartmouth Col

lege, New Hampshire

My earnest hope and expectation is that some kind of a League will soon be formed, which will promote permanent peace in the family of nations by discouraging war so effectually that its outbreak will be infrequent. If such a League does not form part of the terms of a treaty of peace between the Allies and the United States on the one side and the Central Powers on the other, it seems to me highly probable that it will be organized independently and shortly after such a treaty of peace. In any event, I anticipate its early formation, and in view of all the difficulties in the way of making it effective and the danger of its early collapse if too much is attempted at the outset, I now am inclined to the

opinion that it will be a wise policy to limit the League at the beginning to the few democratically organized states who unitedly have won this war, with provision for the entrance of such other states from time to time as may be deemed expedient. The question of the abolition of compulsory military conscription throughout Europe, and that of the freedom of the seas are so intertwined with the whole project that until these are settled, both the form, membership and terms of the League, and of course the sanctions which will be available for it, must remain open questions, and my description of what now seems to me the kind of League which should be first adopted is only tentative. It remains for the responsible statesmen who will gather at Paris representing their respective countries, when all the facts are before them, and the limits of their free action are discovered, to assume the responsibility of shaping the first League for permanent peace of the world, out of which, as our own union has developed, there may come in the process of the suns a still more perfect league.

C. A. DUNIWAY President, Colorado College I am glad to have you quote me as believing that now is the most favorable opportunity which the world has ever seen to organize international institutions for the judicial settlement of controversial questions. peace conference ought not to fail to grasp this opportunity of doing a service of overwhelming importance to the future of the world.

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