89; attention as deliberate, 65-6;
opinions on voluntary and involuntary
attention, 66; the measure of attention,
66-7; the focus of attention, 67; atten-
tion as compulsory and equable, 67n;
attention as abnormal, 67-8; the subjects
of attention tend to change, 69; the de-
tails in a subject tend to change, 69-70;
narrowing the normal field of attention,
70-1; expanding the normal field of at-
tention, 71; physiology of attention, 71;
the field of attention, 72; attention
energy and motion energy are one, 72-4;
attention and heredity, 74; attention and
observation, 75-77; attention in habits,
79-80, 95n; attending to habits, 80; at-
tention in the routine of life, 81; memory
as dependent on attention, 81-2; condi-
tions which favour attention, 84-6;
attention as teleologically determined,
86, 505; the education of the attention,
87; factors producing changes in the
field of attention, 87-8; general con-
clusions concerning attention, 88; des-
cription of the process of attention, 88-9;
the liberation of attention in habit, 98-9;
attention determines the process of com-
bination or thought, 165-6; re-develop-
ment is attention to surviving traces,
191-2; attention and re-collection, 217,
226-7; attention in interest and effort,
250; attention and moods, 279; aware.
ness and attention, 317; its place in
psychology, 320; partial withdrawal of
the attention, 420; attention in average
thought, 422; attention to what we at-
tend is easy, 424; attention argues
bodily adjustment, 428; attentional tone,
428; engrossment of the attention as in-
tensifying vividness, 455; inattention
leads to sleep, 457; minimal attention
and spiritualism, 461; attention in
animals, 462-3; æsthetics as attention-
determined, ch. 11; variety,
plexity, and unity in the beautiful as
requirements of the attention, 470-1;
the Comic as attention-determined, 492-
5; imagination as attention-determined,
496-9.
Attitude, as tending to actualise itself,
258-9.
Audile, meaning of the term, 195-7; the
place of auditory systems in the memory,
197-205.
Automatic; does a habit ever become auto-
matic? 99-101; automatic association,
152.
Average thought, its imperfection, 225,
422-5.
Awareness, meaning of the term, 82-3n;
mentioned, 243, 266, 295, 504; aware-
ness and bodily processes, 249; aware-
ness and needs, 297; awareness and
attention, 317.
Awe, mentioned, 270; awe and effort,
317.
BEAUTY, in visual forms, 468-79; defini-
tion of the beautiful, 468; the beautiful
as rudimentary curiosity, 468n; effort and
the beautiful, 469; disinterestedness, use-
fulness and pleasure and the beautiful,
470; variety, unity, and gentle effort in
the beautiful, 470-2; familiarity and the
beautiful, 473; size and novelty and the
beautiful, 473, 483-4; things which are
æsthetically indifferent, 477; the ques-
tion of taste, 477; children and savages
and the beautiful, 478; the borderland
of the beautiful, 479; inference and the
beautiful, 479-81; impressionist and
realistic art, 479; misleading beliefs and
the beautiful, 481-2; education and
fashion and the beautiful, 482-3; skill,
associations, interests and organised re-
action and the beautiful, 484-5; the
æsthetic standard, 485-6; the beautiful
in prose and poetry, 487-91; the beauti-
ful in the orator's art, 491; the beauti-
ful in music, 491-2; the sense material
in the beautiful, 492; the beautiful in
the widest sense, 492; beauty in thought,
496-9. (See also Esthetics.)
Belief, meaning of the term, 83n; men-
tioned, 164, 217, 312, 504; belief and
possibility of achievement, 283, 287; its
place in psychology, 320; misleading
beliefs, 481-2.
Binocular and monocular vision, described,
211-3.
Bodily movements as independent of sen-
sations, 57; bodily movements and
ideas, 137; bodily movements and feel-
ings, 233; bodily processes apart from
awareness, 249; bodily activity and the
nervous system, 309; the relation of
mind and body, 323-4, 333-4; the ex-
amination of the body can tell us nothing
about the outer world, 360; thought is
impossible apart from bodily movements,
448.
Brain physiology, some of the more impor-
tant facts of, 25-8.
CAPACITY, as distinguished from emotions,
inclinations and disturbances, 268-70,
280; capacity and effort, 314; capacity
in genius, 417; development in capacity,
Caricature, nature of, 493.
Cause, mentioned, 326, 365; cause and
effect, 349-51.
Central activity, nature and place of, 429-
300.
Certainty, meaning of the term, 83n,
mentioned, 217.
Change, as essential to sensing, 55; motion
as change, 326; change as independent
of selves, 355-
Character in the individual, 403-7, 417;
character as a necessary product, 407;
character as perennial, periodic, personal,
peculiar, political and passing, 407-9.
Chickens do not peck and run on emerging
from the shell, 465n.
Child, psychology of the child referred to,
3, 120, 165, 196; sensations in the child,
51, 56, 57; early education and the
child, 107-8, 299; the evolution of habits
in the child, 109, 110, 117; a child
learning arithmetic, 115; childhood's
memories, 186; evolution of memory in
the child, 205-7; there is in the child a
strong tendency to repeat, 206; child
and adult as regards the memory, 229-
30; callousness in children, 278n;
imitation in the child as dependent on
development, 293; the child and peri-
odic needs, 294; the child and habits,
315; the child and the problem of mind,
332; the notion of space in infants, 338,
347; the notion of cause and effect in
children, 349; childhood and originality,
397; plasticity of childhood, 404, 408;
character in the child, 407-8; the de-
velopment of the child's mind, 409-12; a
method of studying the child mind, 412;
children's attitude towards toys, 427;
children and play, 429, 498, 499;
hallucinations in children, 435; dreams
in children, 444, 452; instinct in child
life, 465; reason in children, 466; love
of food in infants, 469; children and the
beautiful, 478, 480, 482n.
Choice, mentioned, 266, 273, 279, 310,
318; choice, as defined by Wundt, 291;
choice from weaker motive, 305-7; de-
liberate choice, 308; choice and char-
acter, 408.
Cognition, mentioned, 320.
Combination, meaning of the term, 39, 41,
504; combination as modified by the
processes of attention, economisation
and memory, 165-7.
Combination feeling, meaning of the terms,
41; mentioned, 58, 197, 207, 233, 311;
combination feelings are easy to re-de-
velop, 198-9.
Comfort and localised sensations of pain, 242.
Comic, the, as rudimentary malice, 468n;
the nature of the Comic, 492-6; de-
finition of the Comic, 493; the Comic in
Shakespeare, 493; the Comic reflects a
likely situation, 493-4; malice and
humour, 494; humour as explosive and
not contemplative, 494; the Comic as
attention-determined, 494-5; secondary
factors in the Comic, 495.
Comparison, nature of, 161-3; comparison
in dreams, 438.
Complementary image, described, 211.
Complication, meaning of the term, 39, 41,
504; complication of ideas, 141-3;
primary and secondary complications,
143-4; relative age of complications,
144; complications in thought, 155-9;
socially determined complications, 159;
complications in the re-development of
the unlike, 286.
Compound, meaning of the term, 39,
41, 504; compound and unit, 122n;
percepts and ideas are compounds,
Conation or willing, as defined by Hamil-
ton, 289; mentioned, 320.
Connection, meaning of the term, 39, 41,
207, 504.
Consciousness, meaning of the term, 82-3n;
acting with and without consciousness,
100; consciousness and habit, 118;
mentioned, 311, 504; consciousness and
phenomena, 369.
Contemplation, as rudimentary curiosity,
468n.
Contiguity, association by, 141-52; men-
tioned, 285, 424.
Contrast, association by, 143-4.
Counter-connection, meaning of the term,
Cross-classification of memories is thought,
167, 420.
DARK field of vision, mentioned, 222n.
(See also Vision.)
Death, as the end of life, 363.
De-development, the nature and process
of, 190-1.
Definition, of hypotheses, 11; of experi-
ment, 34-5; of psychology, 38, 296;
of Weber's law, 53; of feeling, 59; of
attention, 64, 89; of sub-consciousness,
82n; of knowing, 82-3n; of habit, 121;
of the process of complication, 144, 146,
149; of thought, 151; of apperception,
by Wundt, 152; of a need, 160, 297;
of generalisation, 165; of effort, 166, 315;
of need-satisfying reaction, 172; of sen-
sation, perception and image, by Sully,
174-5; of sensation, percept, image and
idea, 175; of mood, by Sully, 179n; of
recency, 181-2; of knowing and con-
necting, 207; of primary and secondary
systems, 209; of positive and negative
after-images, by Helmholtz, 21on; of
memory, by Gratacap, 215n; of the
Present, 223; of feeling, by Sully, 243;
of a disturbance or pleasure-pain, 251,
256; of the object of pleasure and
pain, 275; of willing or volition, 288,
312; of choice, by Wundt, 291; of
deliberation, 300; of desire, 302;
of intellection or interconnection, 321;
of systems or developments, 321; of
force, 326; of motion, 326; of space,
337; of time, 348; of object, 367; of
genius, 401; of a definition, 416; of
hallucination, by Baldwin, 436; of
dreams, 448, 456; of dreams, by
Sully, 456n; of aesthetic gratification
in general, 468; of the beautiful, 468;
of the Comic, 493; of imagination, 497,
498; of play, 500.
Deliberation, mentioned, 266, 295, 312;
nature of deliberation, 299-301; defini
tion of deliberation, 300; deliberate
action, speech and thought, 421-2; the
place of deliberation, 429.
Desire, as idea, 125, 243, 323; its place
in association, 145-6; our desires are
guided and determined by functional
tendencies and capacities, 247; desire
for pleasure and fear of pain are not
universal factors, 278; desiring and
willing, 287; mentioned, 298, 503;
the nature of desire, 301-2; desires do
not normally precede an act, 302; will-
ing and desiring distinguished, 302; de-
finition of desire, 302; the place of
desire in psychology, 320.
Detail, its relation to general fact, 23-5.
Development of ideas and sensations,
144-6; definition of a system or a de-
velopment, 321.
Discomfort and localised sensations of
pain, 242.
Discovery, the process of, 11-2.
Discrimination and sub-consciousness, 420.
Distribution of systems, meaning of the
phrase, 42.
Disturbance, meaning of the term, 42,
280; re-development of disturbances,
200; pleasure and pain are neither sen-
sations nor feelings, 240-6, 276, 303;
pleasure-pain is to be identified with
a central nervous disturbance, 242, 253,
275-6, 506-7; the nervous system and
disturbances, 246.50; the antecedents
in a disturbance, 250-1; disturbances
and aptitudes, 251; definition of a dis-
turbance, 251, 256; process of dealing
with disturbances, 253, 277; points of
view in relation to disturbances, 254;
optimism and pessimism, 254-5; dis-
turbances not connected with normal
needs are ignored, 254n; outward ex-
pression in disturbances, 255: the
nature of pleasure, 255; undisturbed
activity, 256; disturbances are not
always present, 256; the suppression
of disturbances is hereditarily deter-
mined, 258; minimal disturbances are
indifferent, 258; methods of allaying
disturbances, 259-62; the suppression
of disturbances through the diversion
of the attention, 261; mistaken inter-
pretations of disturbances, 262; habit
largely decides what shall be regarded
as a disturbance, 263-4; inference as a
factor in disturbances, 264; normal de-
fensive activity is free from disturbances,
265-6; normal thought and action are
neutral as regards disturbances, 266-7;
disturbances and their relations to the
emotions, 267-71; inability and dis-
turbances, 267; disturbances as distin-
guished from emotions, inclinations and
capacity, 268-70; feeling pained, and
imaged pain, 271-3; the nature of grief,
272; principles of action are superior to
disturbances, 273-6; the object of plea-
sure and pain defined, 275; conclusions
as regards disturbances, 279-80; dis-
turbances and the process of willing,
283, 302-5; difficulties in tracing the
disturbance factor, 305; choice from
weaker motive, 305-7; action from
special motives, 307-8; the place of
effort in disturbances, 317; the nature
of disturbances, 320; disturbances as
imaged, 323; disturbances in animals,
464.
Division of labour, and monotony, 427.
Doubt, meaning of the term, 83n; nature
of doubt, 163-4; mentioned, 217, 301,
312, 504; doubt, as imaged, 323.
Dozing, the state of, 68.
Dreams, nature of, 13, 456, 504, 505;
sense of position whilst dreaming, 56,
447; the state of dreaming, 68; men-
tioned, 74, 156n, 202, 204, 209, 221,
223, 225, 226, 428n, 500, 503; dream-
disturbances, 254; whether dreaming or
waking we dwell in our own world, 431;
experiments in dreams, 433-6, 446-7;
the oneness of waking and non-waking
images, 433; the nature of dream-
pictures, 433; dreams as forming the
lowest plane of thought, 436; extra-
organic stimuli in dreams, 436-8; why
do not dream about important
matters, 437-8; dreams and our waking
life, 438; intra-organic and efferent
stimuli in dreams, 438-41; dreams of
tastes and odours, 440; dreams by day
and night, 440n; the place of reason in
the dream-state, 441-3; influencing the
dream-state, 443-7; the ethics of dream-
life, 445; dreams reflect the waking
condition, 445; on the loss of muscular
power and sensibility in dreams, 447,
466-7; the source of dreams, 448-51;
the place of effort in dreams, 448-9;
do we always dream in sleep? 450, 451;
the creation of settings in dreams, 450-1;
the possible tends to become actual in
dreams, 450-1, 456; the history of
dream-life, 452; the rapidity of dreams,
452-3; the inanity of dreams, 453-4;
why most dreams are forgotten, 453;
dreams as prophetic and symbolic, 454;
dream books, 454; a misinterpreted
dream, 454; vividness of dreams, 454-
6; dreams as mainly visual, 455; dis-
tinction between images and dream-
pictures, 455; memory, reflection,
reasoning and moralising in dreams,
456; provoked dreams and related
facts, 456-62.
Dualism, the problem of, 367-70; dualism
and duality in unity, 369.
Duration, as implied in sensing and in
memory, 174.
ECONOMISATION, meaning of the term,
42; science as due to the process of
economisation, 121n; some results of
economisation, 152-3; economisation
qualifies the process of combination,
166-7; economisation determines in part
the nature of thought, 201-2.
Effect and cause, 349-51; effect, men.
tioned, 365.
Efferent activity, nature and place of,
428-9; efferent stimuli in dreams, 438-
41, 456.
Effort, nature of, 61; occasions when
effort is present, 61; limitations to our
efforts, 61; effort as exercised in habit,
950, 103, 109, 314; reduction of effort
in habit, 97; effort as exhausting work,
166; effort without awareness, 166;
effort is an essential in re-collection,
224-7; a great effort defeats itself, 232;
mentioned, 246; limits of effort, 247-8;
effort tends to be dismissed, 250; the
attention is concentrated when we are
making an effort, 250; effort and will,
285; effort of will, 311; the absolute
value of felt effort, 313-5; effort and
thought, 314, 418-25, 466; the sense
of effort, 315-8; normal thinking re-
quires an effort, 316; special effort in
speech, 415, 421-2; complexity__in
thought and effort, 416, 421-2; effort
in average thought, 422-5; thought as
impossible without effort, 426, 429-30;
effort as dependent on attentional tone,
428; effort in the waking state and in
dream-life, 448-9, 452, 456, 500; ab-
sence of effort leads to sleep, 457;
effort and the beautiful, 469; genial
and tiring effort, 499; effort and imagi
nation, 500.
Ego, the, as thinker, 120; meaning of the
term, 243, 253; meaning of "I," 309-
11, 328-30; subject and object, 359-
61, 369.
Elementary system, meaning of the terms,
41; nature of, 58-9, 503.
Emotile, meaning of the term, 195-7; the
place of emotile systems in the memory,
197-205.
Emotion, as idea, 125; the emotional
factor in association, 148; emotional
interest, 149; the nature of emotion,
261; the relations of the emotions to
disturbances, 267-71; emotion distin-
guished from inclination, capacity and
disturbance, 268-70, 280; emotions as
unconnected with disturbances, 270; the
motor aspect in emotion, 270; emotions
as persisting, 274; emotions as absent
from absorbing pursuits, 275; emotions
as imaged, 323; emotions in animals,
464.
Energy, mentioned, 64, 326, 353, 365, 504.
Engrossment as producing vividness, 455.
Ennui, nature of, 86.
Environment, its relation to the individual,
373, 417; its relation to thought, 426.
Ethics, as a science, 400; ethics and
æsthetics, 501.
Evolution, the, of the senses, 356-7.
Excitement, persistence of, 74; excite-
ment and the development of ideas,
144-6; neural excitement, 178-9; neural
excitement implies neural momentum,
182-3; mentioned, 196, 274, 299;
action under excitement, 197; excite-
ment as absent from absorbing pursuits,
275; the place of excitement, 278, 280,
505.
Exercise, with accompanying effort, 97,
248; the place of exercise in the forma-
tion of habits, 102-3; special features in
exercise, 103; exercise and the growth
of the memory, 103; superiority of
judgment over exercise, 103-5; exer-
cise memory, 205-6.
Exhausted system, meaning of the terms,
41, 367, 504; mentioned, 176, 322, 324,
330, 331, 332, 351, 360, 366.
Existence, the unity of, 361.
Expectancy, the influence of, 263.
Experience, meaning of the term, 333.
Experiment, definition and description of,
34-5; experiment as essential in psycho-
logical inquiries, 35; as applied to
pleasure-pain and volition, 35-6; a
number of experiments suggested, 37;
experiment and general fact, 211; ex-
perimental introspection as applied to
the problem of free will, 285-6; ex-
perimental fallacies, 305; experiments
during dreams, 433; experiments as
essential in the study of dreams, 438,
443, 446-7; experiments as essential in
the study of spiritualism, 462; experi-
ments with animals, by Thorndike, 465.
Explanation, the nature of the process of,
365.
Extension, what has only extension is
difficult to re-develop, 230-1.
Extensity, the nature of, 53.
FACULTY, mentioned, 365.
Fainting, mentioned, 68.
Faith cures, mentioned, 257; the influence
of faith cures, 258-9.
Familiarity and novelty, nature of, 217-8.
Farce, the nature of, 493.
Fascination, the nature of, 302.
Feeling, definition of, 59; feeling as a
connecting link between ideas, 159;
circumstance alone determines the in-
terpretation of a feeling, 163; neural
feelings, 175; feelings and images,
177-8; the place of feeling in the
memory, 197-205; feelings in the
muscles of articulation, 204-5; feelings
as compared with bodily processes, 233;
pleasure and pain are neither sensations
nor feelings, 240-6, 276, 303; feelings
as generally understood, 242-3; feeling
as indifference, 243-6; feelings and the
nervous system, 246-50, 423; feelings
do not develop when the attention is
diverted, 248; theory of innervation
feelings, 293; feeling and willing, 305;
warmth of feeling is no guide to the
strength of a motive, 306; the "sense
of effort, 315-8; feeling as a department
of psychology, 319-21, 503; the feeling
of resistance and the thing which re-
sists, 325; the bodily aspect of feelings,
334; the feeling of resistance as the unit
of existence, 354; feeling and thought,
424; a single feeling as representing a
thought, 425; feeling as present in
sleep, 438; feelings as suggesting rapidity
in dreams, 452.
Feeling tone, mentioned, 53; the nature
of feeling tone, 242-3.
Felt strain, the nature of, 61-2.
Force, the nature of, 326; force, as de-
fined by Clifford, 353n.
Forgetting, the nature and process of,
190-1.
Four-dimensional space, the problem of,
342-3.
Free will, the problem of, experimentally
investigated, 285-6; the problem of
freedom discussed, 351-2.
Functional readjustment, mentioned, 152.
Functional tendencies, the influence of,
249-50, 284; functional tendencies as
equivalent to needs, 247, 280, 321;
functional tendencies as motives, 307.
Fury, the nature of, 270.
Future, the, as imaged, 356.
GENERAL facts, their relation to details,
23-5; as an aid to memory, 237; gene-
ral facts and primitive science, 302.
General ideas, the nature of, 128-9, 193.
Generalisations, the nature of, 164-5, 365;
their place in observation, memory and
thought, 237, 463.
Generic ideas. (See General Ideas.)
Genius, obstacles to, 393-7; inherent limi-
tations of genius, 393-4, 505; genius and
precocity, 394; the genius theory as a
useful social convention, 396; organised
reaction in genius, 396; needs and
genius, 396-7; men of genius, 397-405;
genius in painting, architecture, ma-
chinery, astronomy, scientific method,
religion and morality, 397-400; the
ability of the man of genius, 400-1;
genius and environment, 400-2; men
of genius and imbeciles, 401; definition
of genius, 401; insanity and genius,
402-3; the nature of genius, 417;
congenital susceptibility in genius,
465.
Grief, the nature of, 256, 272.
HABIT, its nature yet unexamined, 8-9;
mentioned, 74; the history of a habit,
91-2; equivalent terms for the word
habit, 91n; memorising the facts in
establishing a habit, 92-3; casual diffi-
culties, 92-3; the memorising of efforts,
93; the process of simplification in the
formation of a habit, 93-7; the place
of appropriate exercise in habit, 97; the
liberation of attention energy in habit,
98-9; does a habit ever become auto-
matic? 99-101; the absence of sensations
in habit, 100; habit and memory, 101-2;
the place of judgment in habit, 103-5;
the slow growth of habit, 105; why it
is difficult to influence a habit, 105-7;
the prevention of bad habits, 107; early
education and habit, 107-8; each habit
is based on other habits, 108-10; the
growth of ability, 110; each habit forms
a basis for other habits, 110-1; the
nature of a habit, 111-4, 505; transitory
habits, 112n; the place of repetition in
habit, 113; all thought partakes of the
nature of habit, 114-20; habits divided
into specific and non-specific, 118-9;
habits as yielding insight into the nature
of thought, 119-20; habits and the
method of inquiry in psychology, 120;
the scope of habits, 120; the explanation
of habits, 120-1; science is due to the
process implied in habit, 121n; habits
as the basis of thought, 167-9; organisms
exemplify bundles of habits, 168; re-
cency as a habit, 181-2; habit controls
desires, 247; habit partly determines
our lines of activity, 249; a mistaken
interpretation of habits, 262; habit
largely decides what shall be regarded
as a disturbance, 263-4; habit as re-
tarding and assisting activity, 267-8;
inhibition as organised, 274; habit,
needs, excitement and thought, 278;
habit, belief and possibility, 283; the
effect of our volitions is determined
organically, 287; subtle thought and
simple acts are both organised, 293;
particular actions are a sign of particular
habits, 299; habits and motives, 306,
307; habits as unreal, 311; habit and
effort, 313; habits and responsibility,
314-5; the place of habit in psychology,
320; habit and character, 329, 404,
417; habit and genius, 396; organised
reaction and language, 413-7; the place
of habit in æsthetics, 484-5.
Hallucinations, experimentally induced,
433-6; the natural history of hallucina-
tions, 435; hallucinations and the state
of wakefulness, 435-6; hallucinations in
dreams, 449, 456; hallucinations dis-
cussed, 456-62.
Heredity and attention, 74; heredity and
evolution, 168; heredity and the pro-
cesses implied in disturbances, 275;
inherited inclinations, 280; hereditary
tendencies and needs, 297, 431.
Horror, the nature of, 270.
Humour. (See Comic, the.)
Hypnagogic hallucinations, mentioned,
433.
Hypnotism, mentioned, 68, 433.
Hypotheses, the uses and the limitations
|