(c) The titular sovereign of Hindostan issues a warrant, empowering the Company to collect and administer the revenues of Bengal, Orissa and Bahar.

Note 14. By this deed the Company became the real rulers of thirty millions of people, yielding a revenue of four millions sterling.

Suggestion 15. What pecuniary benefit did Clive derive from his second administration in British India?

h. The Close of Clive's Career.

(1) Persecution by his personal enemies.

Note 15. Every civilian whose illicit gains he had cut off, every officer whose conspiracy he had foiled, every proprietor or director, like Sulivan, whose selfish schemes he had thwarted, now sought their opportunity.-Encyclopaedia Britannica.

(a) Clive's parliamentary tactics.

(2) The House carried the motion that Clive had, by means of the power he possessed as commander of the British forces in India, obtained large sums from Meer Jaffier. Refusing to express an opinion on the fact, the House passed unanimously the second motion that Lord Clive had at the same time rendered great and meritorious services to his country.

(3) Clive's death.

Suggestion 16. Describe "Nabobs." What effect had the unpopularity of this class of Englishmen upon Clive's case? How did the famine in India affect Clive's position? Study carefully the construction of paragraphs one hundred twenty-nine and one hundred thirty. Notice the character, the variety, and the arrangement of material. Notice the effective use of the figure antithesis. Study the paragraph on the Famine in India. It is one of the remarkable passages of the essay. The skillful leading up to the topic sentence through a long series of details is characteristic of the author's style. Define Dilettanti and Maccaroni.

3. Conclusion.

a. Summary of Clive's services to England.

b. Conclusion reached by the essayist.-His name stands high on the roll of conquerors. But it is found in a better list, in the list of those who have done and suffered much for the happiness of mankind.

C. SECOND READING.

PASSAGES TO RE-READ IN CLASS: COLLATERAL STUDY SUGGESTED BY THE ESSAY: QUOTED CRITICISMS OF THE ESSAY.

I. PASSAGES TO RE-READ IN CLASS.

1. Paragraphs 20, 22, 37, 45, 56, 81, 82, 83-86, 103, 119, 125, 148-150.

II. COLLATERAL STUDY SUGGESTED BY THE ESSAY.

1. The wealth of Bengal.

2. The native government of India.

3. Identify Dupleix, Mahommed Ali, Pitt, Burke, Lawrence, Wolfe, Sulivan, Baber, Watson, Bussey, Surajah Dowlah, Holwel, Omichund, Meer Jaffier.

4. Define Mussulman, Mahratta, sepoy, nabob, mogul. 5. The great Mohammedan Festival. (Par. 407.)

6. The Indian Empire of the British East India Company. (See Note 2.)

7. British India.

a. Main divisions of the Indian Empire.

(1) Madras (Fort St. George, Arcot, Trichinopoly,

Vellore, Tanjore).

(2) Bombay (Poonah).

(3) Bengal (Calcutta, Orissa, Plassey).

(4) United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (Lucknow).

(5) Central Provinces (Gualior).

(6) Eastern Bengal and Assam.

(7) Burma (Ava).

(8) The Punjab (Delhi on the banks of the Jumna, Guzerat).

(9) Northwest Provinces (Rohilcund).

b. Some Indian States more or less under the control of

the British Government.

(1) Hyderabad (Berar).

1.

(2) Mysore.

(3) Travancore.

(4) States in Rajputna (Golconda).

Note 16. The Deccan is the name given to the peninsula of India lying south of the river Nerbudda. The Carnatic was the central portion of what is now Madras. Pondicherry was and is a seaport belonging to the French, south of the city of Madras.

III. QUOTED CRITICISMS OF THE ESSAY.

Whatever his subject, Macaulay pours over it a stream of illustration drawn from the records of all ages and countries. His essays are not merely instructive as history, they are freighted with the spoils of all the ages.

2. Macaulay has a wonderful style, glittering with rhetorical riches and exhibiting the last degree of literary finish. In ease, purity, grace, force, and point, he rivals those who have made felicity of style their chief study.

3. The peculiar merit of Macaulay is that his facts are always interesting, and his thought not too profound; his sentences are short and easy to follow; his diction and grammar are uniformly correct; his paragraphs are lucid and admirably balanced.

4. "I learned from Macaulay that if I wished to be understood by others, or indeed by myself, I must avoid, not always long sentences-for long sentences may often be perfectly clear-but involved, complicated, parenthetical sentences. I learned that I must avoid sentences crowded with relatives and participles; sentences in which things are not so much directly stated as implied in some dark and puzzling fashion. I learned, also, never to be afraid of using the same word over and over again, if by that means anything could be added to clearness or force."

D. SUPPLEMENTARY WORK.

TEST QUESTIONS: THEME SUBJECTS.

I. TEST QUESTIONS.

1. What are the essential characteristics of the Essay as distinguished from other forms of prose writing? What class of subjects did Macaulay choose for his essays? What is the subject of the essay under discussion?

2. Divide Clive's career into three periods. Make a list of his achievements in each. Show how little of promise there was in the early life of Clive. With what tribute to him does Macaulay close his essay?

3. State the geographical divisions of British India. Give the location of the Deccan, the Carnatic, the Indus, the Jumna. What part of the Indian peninsula was, in Clive's day, occupied by the French Company?

4. Describe the East India Company of 1760, its formation, its powers, its influence. Of 1840. What change in the government of the British possessions in India has been made since 1840?

5. Name the three greatest viceroys of the Great Mogul after the death of the Emperor Aurangzeb. Describe the siege of Arcot. Quote Major Lawrence's tribute to Clive. How old was Clive at this time?

6. By what name was Clive always known to the natives of India?

7. Describe the Omichund affair. What was Macaulay's opinion regarding it? What was the opinion of Lord Clive himself? What is your opinion?

8. In what connection does Macaulay mention the conquest of Mexico, the fall of the Carlovingians, the career of Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte, Caesar's Tenth Legion?

9. Re-write paragraph 20, using abstract instead of concrete terms. Re-write in the same manner the last sentence of paragraph 22.

10. Describe the condition of the Mogul Empire when Dupleix conceived the idea of conquest. State in general terms the idea conveyed by the question, Was the Mussulman or the Mahratta to be the Lord of India?

11. Make a list of the important events of each of Clive's visits to England.

12. Relate all the events connected with the tragedy of "The Black Hole of Calcutta." Show the manner in which this atrocity was avenged.

13. Describe in detail the Battle of Plassey. Where is Plassey? What did this battle accomplish?

14. Under what circumstances does Macaulay say, (1) "English valor and English intelligence have done less to extend and to preserve our Oriental empire than English veracity"; (2) Clive walked between heaps of gold and silver, crowned with rubies and diamonds, and was at liberty to help himself? What point does Macaulay make by the latter sentence?

15. Identify Admiral Watson, Lawrence, Sulivan, Omichund, Meer Kaffier.

16. Write a brief history of the career of Surajah Dowlah; of Dupleix.

17. Discuss the pecuniary transactions made between Meer Jaffier and Clive and the criticism of these transactions by Parliament. State your own views on the subject. What extenuating circumstances does Macaulay admit?

18. Write a short paper on the statement: "Yet such is the injustice of mankind that none of those acts which are the real stains of his life has drawn on him so much obloquy as this measure, which was in truth a reform necessary to the success of all his other reforms."

19. After reading this essay, what facts stand out most prominently in your mind?

20. Describe the proceedings against Clive on his final return to England. With what motion did the inquiry close? Write a history of the last year of Clive's life.

21. Explain all the allusions in the statement: "The fame of those who subdued Antiochus and Tigranes grows dim when compared with the splendor of the exploits which the young English adventurer achieved at the head of an army not equal in numbers to one-half of a Roman legion."