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The number of cattle, calves, hogs and sheep slaughtered in the three years 1863-65, inclusive, according to the U. S. Assessors' return, was as

follows:

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The receipts of cattle and general returns of beef packing for four years,

as given in the report of the Chamber of Commerce were as follows:

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The returns for 1865 are defective, and as to the number of cattle slaughtered the Commercial, as compared with the Assessor's report is short by 2,628 head.

The total shipments of provisions from Milwaukee for the same years are shown in the following:

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1864.

67,933

5,927 11,634 36,866 5,871 6,557

7:07

5,255 249

1865..

2,487

927

43

34,013 2,713 5,000 10,427 5,528 1,929

The following table shows the equivalent in barrels of pork and beef products exported in fifteen years:

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Pork,

Beef,

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bbls.

Pork, Beef, bbls. bbls.

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The receipts and shipments of butter, wool and hides for seven years are shown in the annexed:

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85,409 32,941 69,743 17,991 32,042 852,596 986,826 1,355,879 110,849 21,807 1,386,317 1,749,755 1,957,601 1,993,372 144,834 44,961 1,200,381 1,263,740 1,787,268 2,277,850 134,019 31,449

......

The receipts of hides includes hides taken off by city butchers and packers which numbered for the six years above given 12,873, 12,306, 17,876, 21,381, 26,471, and 18,925 respectively. The difference between the receipts and shipments gives the number of hides tanned or on hand. at the end of the year. The shipments of leather in 1864 was 8,726 rolls, and in 1865, 8,993 rolls.

The Lumber Trade of Milwaukee is extensive, but by no means as large and regular as it otherwise would become had the city more direct communication with the consuming regions of Illinois and Iowa. Such a

communication, however, is about to be made in the construction of a railroad from the city to a junction with the Western Union Railroad, which traverses Northern Illinois to the Mississippi Jiver, and it is estimated by those qualified to judge that this will increase the trade a hundred per cent within a year after its completion. The following table shows the receipts for ten years:

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The falling off in the lumber trade since 1856 and 1857, in which years it received its highest development, has been owing to the completion of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad to the lumber region. By this line the lumber formerly carried into Milwaukee, and thence by water into Chicago, is now carried directly to the latter port.

The principal receipts of Eastern merchandise by lake and the Detroit. and Milwaukee Railway steamers for these years are shown in the following statement:

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The total amount of Eastern merchandise, exclusive of coal, railroad iron and plaster, received in 1865, was 50,444 tons, of which 36,390 tons arrived by lake and 14,054 tons by the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad. A very considerable amount was also received by the Chicago and Milwaukee Railroad, of which no account is recorded.

From the records of the Custom House it appears that the total value of articles imported directly from foreign countries in 1865 was $160,806, and the value of produce exported to foreign countries, mostly Canada, $2,129,988. In 1864 the imports were only $16,628, but the exports amounted to $3,778,820. Among the exports in 1865 were: flour 155,521 bbls., wheat 1,355,899 bushs., pork 2,034 bbls., and 27,450 lbs., &c.

The total number of arrivals at the Milwaukee Custom House in 1865 was 3,099 vessels, and 1,359,962 tons. The number of departures was 3,085 and 1,358,819 tons. The arrivals and departures in 1865, and the three previous years were as follows:

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Besides the articles of commerce named in the above statements there are a number of others which enter into the trade of Milwaukee, the products of Wisconsin or the manufactures of the city itself. Among the former are the lead of Southern and the iron of Northern Wisconsin, the ales and beer of the city, and the high wines. The receipts of lead in 1865 were 4,636 pigs, or 348,000 lbs. and of pig-iron 1,785 tons. The total of high wines made in the city was 3,046 barrels, and of beer and ale 58,666 barrels. There are probably a greater number of breweries in Milwaukee than in any other Western city, and the famous Milwaukee lager is a favorite beverage far and near. These breweries are also among the largest in the country.

SUPPLY OF COAL AND OTHER FUELS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.*

An important question has commanded attention on both sides of the Atlantic, but chiefly in Great Britain, as to the yield of the coal fields at present known, and whether it will long suffice for the growing demand? It has been asserted that at no very distant day the coal mines of the United Kingdom will fail to supply fuel enough for the constantly increasing requirements of local consumers and exporters; and the allegation is met by another, coming from Mr. Hussey Vivian, to the effect that, at the present rate of consumption, the collieries of the British Islands will yet last for a period of 500 years. Another theory is that at the present rate of production-say 100,000,000 tons per annum-exhaustion will follow in 300 years; and still another estimate places the limit at 212 years. As the fuel question is one of considerable interest, it has been thought worth while to collect some information bearing upon it, and present it here in a concise form, with the premise that this is not the place to discuss differences in statements, nor to try to reconcile discrepancies.

COAL FIELDS OF THE WORLD.

The following table (abridged from Daddow & Bannan's volume, entitled, "Coal, Iron, and Oil,") affords a very comprehensive view of the extent of the coal fields in Europe and America. Exceedingly little indeed is known of the other coal formations of the world; it is quite probable, however, that vast coal regions exist in Brazil, Africa, Hindostan and China;

Countries.

Russia in Europe..

Spain..

Belgium

Austria.

France..

Great Britain.

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520

177,781 4,000
11,313
257,830 2,000
203,736 2,000
121,000 12,000

p. acre
to18.

area. sq. m.

100

....

200

510 90,000 800 90,000 1,000 90,000 6,195 45,000 2,200 30,000 .8,120,000 100,000 15,000 30,000 Pennsylvania(Anthracite) 46,000 530 470 90,000

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$26,400 10,000,000
512,000 5,000,000
640,000 10,000,000
3,200,000 90,000,000
1,108,000 500,000
9,600,000 250,000
300,800 10,000,000
do (Bituminous) 46,000 15,000 13,000 45,000 8,320,000 15,000,000
Illinois ..
55,405 40,000 30,000 30,000 19,200,000 1,000,000

British North America .. 100,000 18,000
Australia.

Estimated total available supply

in each country. tons.

30,000,000,000 46,080,000,000 57,690,000,000 144,000,000,000 42,240,000,000 288,000,000,000

27,070,000,000

294,400,000,000

576,000,000,000

Other regions in U. States3,000,000 500,000 200,000 20,000 128,000,0 0 22,000,000 3,748,000,000,000

Prepared by Wm. J. Patterson, Secretary of the Montreal Board of Trade.

The subjoined statement shows the workable areas of the coal fields in various countries, with the quantities produced in 1864:

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The area of all Europe is about 3,758,000 square miles, the coal-producing area being less than 10,000 square miles. The entire area of the United States is about 3,000,000 square miles, the productive coal area being over 200,000 square miles. Great Britain has an area of only 121,000 square miles, yet its productive coal area is 6,195 square miles, or nearly double that of all the rest of Europe. Europe has about one square mile of coal area to every 375 of territory; the United Kingdom has one to every 20 square miles; the United States one to every 15 square miles; and British North America one to every 46 square miles.

COAL FIELDS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

The extent of the British coal fields has been stated thus:

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The subjoined statement is condensed from Dr. Ure's estimate of the workable area of the principal coal fields in the United Kingdom :

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Edward Hull, Esq., of the British Geological Survey, made the following statement of the condition of the principal coal fields of the United Kingdom:

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W. Stanley Jevons, Esq., in his work on "The Coal Question," has tabulated estimates respecting the duration of the Northumberland and

Durham coal field:

Supposed

area of coal

measures

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Bailey.

1801

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Sir William Armstrong remarked in 1863 upon these calculations as follows:

“The estimates are certainly discordant; but the discrepancies arise, not from any important disagreement as to the available quantity of coal, but from the enormous difference in the rate of consumption at the various dates when the estimates were made, and also from the different views which have been entertained as to the prob able increase of consumption in future years. The quantity of coal yearly worked from British mines has been almost trebled during the last twenty years, and has probably increased tenfold since the commencement of the present century; but as this increase has taken place pending the introduction of steam navigation and railway transit, and under exceptional conditions of manufacturing development, it would be too much to assume that it will continue to advance with equal rapidity.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

"The statistics collected by Mr. Hunt, of the Mining Record Office, show that, at the end of 1861, the quantity of coal raised in the United Kingdom had reached the enormous total of $6 millions of tons, and that the average annual increase in the eight preceding years amounted to 24 millions of tons.

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Let us inquire, then, what will be the duration of our coal fields, if this more moderate rate of increase be maintained. By combining the known thickness of the various workable seams of coal, and computing the area of the surface under which they lie, it is easy to arrive at an estimate of the total quantity comprised in our coal-bearing strata. Assuming 4 000 feet as the greatest depth at which it will ever be possible to carry on mining operations, and rejecting all seams of less than two feet in thickness, the entire quantity of available coal existing in Great Britain his been calculated to amount to 80,000 millions of tons-which, at the present rate of consumption, would be exhausted in 930 years; but with a continued yearly increase of 24 millions of tons, would only last 212 years."

It is certain that the annual yield of coal by the 3,268 mines in Great

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