They are chiefly husbandmen and labor- the result of the times and his peculiar ers with miserable habitations. Many families are confined to a single apartment, built with sods, where men, women, children, pigs, fowls, fleas, bugs, mosquitoes and other domestic insects, mingle in society. No less than forty of these huts exist within a mile and a half of Annapolis town. In some of these wretched hovels, the politest clergyman in Europe, were he a missionary, would be constrained to enter, to eat, and perhaps to sleep, or else to neglect his duty."* Jan. 20, 1794, Mr. Bailey was appointed, by Gov. John Wentworth, deputy chaplain of the garrison at Annapolis. He had performed the duties of this office for several years, but another had received the emoluments. The county was his parish, which was called St. Luke's. He died of dropsy, July 26, 1808, at the age of seventy-six, having retained his faculties, both of body and mind, to the last. He was below medium stature, and had a delicate constitution. The frontispiece of this number is an exact reproduction of the only portrait of him. His love of learning assisted him in removing many obstacles in order that he might acquire knowledge and cultivate his mental powers. He had fair natural talents, and was possessed of a large amount of varied information. He was always busy, and well employed in a great variety of matters and lines of investigation. He was a voluminous writer of both prose and poetry. He prepared a manuscript history of New England; a description of New Brunswick, with an account of the sufferings of the American loyalists; some dramatic sketches of a political cast; and two or three manuscript school books. Mr. Bailey was always ardently interested in politics, which was without doubt *From "The Frontier Missionary: A Memoir of the Life of the Rev. Jacob Bailey, A. M.," prepared by Rev. William S. Bartlet, and published in 1853. situation. His visit to England revealed to him the grandeur of the military and naval power of the nation; and the attention and treatment which he received from the dignitaries had less of the distant formality and more of the free and interested republican intercourse than he had anticipated. Moreover the beneficent Church entrusted to him their bounty for the needy people in Maine and Nova. Scotia, reposing full confidence in his judgment and integrity. When enemies rose to speak ill of its sway, all these things tended to draw him more and more strongly to the support of the government under which he was born and had always lived. He also felt the madness and futility of an attempt to make the colonies independent. Moreover the character of the leaders of the revolting colonists in his section rather inspired in him an aversion to rebellion on the principles of right and justice. Excessive immorality and want of religious obligation were fearlessly and openly proclaimed. If argument failed to convert a tory, mob violence was resorted to, even though the object of it was a respected clergyman, and blood was readily shed. This was not, to him, the fruit of an enlightened and honest love of liberty, or the course of its devotees. His temporal condition remained unimproved to the last. He never had an income sufficient for the maintenance of himself and family; yet his hospitality was ever generous. Despite certain strong elements of his character he always retained the personal regard of his acquaintances, and the love of the people of his charge. His wife and six children survived him. Mrs. Bailey died March 22, 1818, aged seventy. Of the children, Charles Percy was so handsome that, when the Duke of Kent (father of Queen Victoria) was commander of the Nova Scotia forces, he saw the lad and was so pleased with his appearance and address, that he took him under his own care and provided for him. He became an officer in the army and was killed in the battle of Chippewa, in Upper Canada. Another son, William Gilbert, was a lawyer. WILL OF GEORGE BROWNE. The will of George Browne of Newbury was proved in the court at Ipswich March 28, 1643. The following copy is taken from the record contained in Ipswich Deeds, volume 1, leaf 5, the original being missing. The laft will & Teftament of George Browne May 26th 1642 In the name of God amen I George Browne being fick & weake in body but pfect in minde &c doe make my last will & Teftament in mann & forme as followeth Impr I bequeath my foule into the hands of god and my body to the earth to be buried It I give to my beloved wife my howse & land with all my howfehold goods except my mufkett & fword my wearing clothes & Tooles Item I give vnto her my kow It I give to my brother Richard Browne my wearing clothes & Tooles It I give vnto Richard Littleale Twenty fhillings to be paid out of the rent of the Mill Item : I give vnto my father & to my brother Michael Twenty fhillings a peece to be paid out of the Mill, but if god by his pvidence bring them into this land. then my will is to give them fix pounds a peece or if but one of them come over then he fhall receive twelve pounds & if afterward the other come then he fhall repay to him fix pounds Item I give to all my brethren & fifters besides Twelve pence a peece my will is that all this fhalbe paid out of my Mill after all my debts are discharged It I give unto Jofeph Browne fonne of my brother Richard Browne my fhare in the Mill at Salisbury with the land belonging to it, to be affigned vnto him when he come to be eighteene yeares of age & in the meane tyme the revenew of it to be imployed for his use & at the Terme aforefaid Provided that my debts be first paid out of it & then thofe legacies before mentioned before any of the revenew goe to him It I make my brother Richard Browne executor of this my will & Teftament And I defire my two frends Richard Knight & Thomas Macye to fe that this my will be pformed according to my plaine intent and meaning pvided that they shalbe fattisfied for whatsoever trouble or charge may come to them about the fame ffurthermore my will is that if my wife be with child that then my former will shalbe voyde I then give vnto my wife my howfe & lande & all ye rest of my eftate to my child to be deliv'ed to it when it come to be eighteene yeares old and that my wife in the meane tyme shall have the use of it toward ye bringing vp of the child and all charges that doe or fhall arife whatsoever to be paid out of the child's porcon This also I defire my two frends aforenamed to overfee. Item I give vnto my wife the fwyne and my fhirts except one and my bands except three & a hatt & a paire of fhoes and my will is that my wife fhall pay thefe debts that which I owe to Richard Littleale John Bishopp & to Henry ffay & to John Lowle & mris. Goodale & mris. Olliver Item I give to my wife my bible Item my will is that if my father & my brother michael come not then my two Nephews Margery & Jofua fhall have that which my father & brother should have. By me George Browne. Wittnes Richard Knight Thomas Macy. THE STATE LOTTERY. There, speak,-speak out,-abandon fear; There, built by legislative hands, James Montgomery. OLD-TIME LOTTERIES. BY SIDNEY PERLEY. The state of public opinion at the present time in reference to all means of obtaining money by chance makes the history of our old-time lotteries interesting. In the first years of the settlement of this region, the chimerical schemes of lotteries were not known here. But towards the close of the seventeenth century they began to develop; and early in the eighteenth century the attention of the public was forcibly drawn to them by the demoralizing influences of that system of money getting,- or money losing. The attention of the provincial general court was drawn to the matter, and Nov. 4, 1719, an act was passed forbidding the existence of lotteries under a penalty of two hundred pounds for each offence, a fine of ten pounds being put upon ticketsellers, etc. Finding that these heavy penalties did not have the effect desired, April 26, 1733, the fine was greatly increased. The promoters of the lottery were doomed to pay a fine of five hundred pounds, and those persons who assisted in printing or writing tickets, notices, and so forth, one hundred pounds, and for exposing for sale or selling tickets two hundred pounds for each ticket so exposed or sold. The preamble to the law of 1719, states that "there have lately been sett up within this province certain mischievous and unlawful games, called lotteries, whereby the children and servants of several gentlemen, merchants and traders, and other unwary people have been drawn into a vain and foolish expence of money, which tends to the utter ruine and impoverishment of many families, and is to the reproach of this government, and against the common good, trade, welfare and peace of the province," and declares all lotteries to be "common and publick nusances." Since the passage of the severe act of 1733, already referred to, it is probable. that no private lottery of any considerable extent has been carried on in Massachusetts. In spite of the severe language of the general court in 1719, and its confirmation in 1733, there came over the legislature in effect at least, an idea that what was obnoxious and utterly wrong for individuals to do was all right if done by the body politic. It was one of a series of instances of perversion of human judgment in which it is deemed that the end justifies the means. The ease of procuring large sums of money by means of lotteries came to be more thoroughly understood, and when the provincial treasury was very much depleted, Feb. 4, 1744-5, an act was passed establishing the "Massachusetts Government Lottery," to raise seventy-five hundred pounds for the service of the province. Twenty-five thousand tickets were issued, and sold for thirty shillings each. There were five thousand four hundred and twenty-two prizes, divided as follows, viz: two of twelve hundred and fifty pounds each; four of six hundred and twenty-five; six of three hundred and seventy-five; eight of two hundred and fifty; sixteen of one hundred and twentyfive; thirty-six of sixty-two pounds, ten shillings; one hundred and fifty of thirty pounds; and fifty-two hundred of three pounds, fifteen shillings each. The total amount of the prizes, thirty-seven thousand, five hundred pounds, equalled the amount of the proceeds from the sale of the tickets. The profit was obtained by every winner paying over to the province twenty per cent of his prize. This, the first public lottery here, was soon succeeded by others. The second of these was one for raising twelve hundred dollars to defray the expense of building and maintaining a bridge over Parker river in Newbury. The act was passed Jan. 29, 1750-1, at the request of the town of Newbury. In this lottery, the amount deducted from each prize was ten per cent. of the same. With the funds thus raised the bridge was built in 1758. More money was needed, however, to meet unforeseen charges, and April 28, 1760, the general court passed another act establishing a lottery to raise six hundred dollars for that purpose. April 21, 1761, The Lords of Trade in London wrote to Governor Bernard, at Boston, stating that several laws had been passed providing for the construction of ferries, roads, etc., by lotteries, and that it "is a mode of raising money that in our opinion ought not to be countenanced, and hardly to be admitted into practice upon the most pressing exigency of the state, more especially in the colonies, where the forms of government may not admit of those regulations and checks which are necessary to prevent fraud and abuse in a matter so peculiarly liable to them." They say they cannot, therefore, but disapprove these laws upon general principles; and when they considered the unguarded and loose manner in which they were framed, the objections were so many and so strong that they should have thought to have laid them before His Majesty for his disapprobation had they not been restrained by the consideration that the purposes for which they were passed, had been carried into full execution; and that it was their duty to desire that the governor would not for the future give his assent to any laws of the like nature. Notwithstanding these objections, the general court extended this lottery for raising three hundred pounds more Feb. 24, 1763. The first lottery to build Parker river bridge was managed by Thomas Berry, John Greenleaf, Joseph Greenleaf and Joseph Atkins, esquires. There were six thousand tickets, at two dollars each, which were sold by the managers and at various stores in Boston. The largest prize was a thousand dollars. The second lottery was managed by Daniel Farnham, Caleb Cushing, Joseph Gerrish, William Atkins, esquires, and Patrick Tracy, merchant. This lottery will be found advertised in the Boston Gazette of May 19, 1760, the announcement being headed by one of the coarsest wood-cuts of a three-arch bridge ever seen. There were five thousand tickets, at the price of two dollars each; and sixteen hundred and fifty-five prizes. The largest prize was five hundred dollars. The lottery for building the Parker river bridge was followed by an act of the province, passed Jan. 11, 1758, establishing a lottery to build bridges over the Saco and Pesumpscot rivers, Sir William Pepperell being at the head of the managers. April 29 following, a lottery was created for raising money to pay the expense of the expedition against Canada. Then followed, in quick succession, other lotteries for various purposes, as for paving Boston Neck and Prince street in Boston, for removing rocks and shoals in Taunton great river, and for rebuilding Faneuil Hall after the great fire of 1761. An act for raising the sum of thirty-two hundred pounds, by means of a lottery, for building a hall for the students of Harvard college to live in, was passed, June 25, 1766, and consented to by Governor Bernard after the Lords of Trade had so permitted. In their communication consenting to it, they state that "they are still of the opinion that lotteries in the American colonies ought not to be countenanced, and are fully convinced that the too frequent practice of such a mode of raising money will be introduction of great mischief; yet, in consideration of the general propriety and utility of the service to be provided for by the bill submitted for approval, we have no objection to your passing it into a law, desiring at the same time that it may be understood that such a permission shall not be drawn into precedent in any other case whatever." Lotteries continued to be established for various public purposes, as for building paper, woolen and cotton mills; academies and schools; for the benefit of Harvard and Dartmouth colleges and Brown University; canals, streets and bridges; houses of religious worship, Congregational, Episcopal and Roman Catholic; the Washington monument; for the improvement of beaches; the assistance of needy individuals, etc. Finding that the lottery idea had been. carried far enough, March 6, 1790, the general court passed an act speedily closing up those already established. The act establishing the last lottery in Massachusetts was passed June 13, 1815. This was for the purpose of building a bridge over Connecticut river, between Springfield and West Springfield. A road in Gloucester was built by the aid of a lottery in 1797. In 1791, the proprietors of the cotton manufactory in Beverly, the first in America, were helped by the gift from the State of seven hundred tickets in two of the State's lotteries. There is always an interest in winners of prizes in lotteries. A few names of such have come down to this generation. In 1786, upwards of a dozen poor widows of Marblehead were the fortunate owners of the ticket that drew a prize of fifteen hundred dollars. A poem on this occurrence, written in Marblehead, was published in the Columbian Centinel of April 24, 1790. *An instance of the Roman Catholics thus raising money occurred in Philadelphia, early in the century. Joseph Hovey of Boxford drew a prize of a thousand dollars in a State lottery in November, 1790. With this money, he purchased the farm which is now the site of the Barker Free School in West Boxford, where he afterward lived and died. In 1817, the capital prize of ten thousand dollars in the Union Canal lottery was drawn by a ticket that had been sold in Newburyport in quarters. The owners of three of the quarters were Samuel Burrill, a tailor, Woodbridge Noyes, a "horse-letter," and Mrs. Bass, widow of Bishop Bass. The name of the owner of the remaining quarter has not come to the knowledge of the writer. ABBOT GENEALOGY. SAMUEL ABBOT, Esq.,4 born in Andover Feb. 25, 1732. He was a merchant in Boston, being an importer from England. He lived in Boston until after the Revolution, when he removed to Andover. He gave a bell and clock for the meetinghouse of his parish in Andover, and valuable plate for the communion service; and also five hundred dollars to the church for its poor. He was one of the founders of the Andover Theological Seminary, and endowed a professorship of Christian Theology, donating in all about a hundred thousand dollars. He married Sarah Kneeland, a widow with three children, but had no children of his own. He died April 30, 1812, aged eighty; and she died Feb. 12, 1816, aged eighty-nine. 130 CAPT. HENRY ABBOT,4 born in Andover Dec. 31, 1724. He was a sadler, and lived with his father in Andover. He married, first, Elizabeth Sibson (pub. Oct. 2, 1750); second, Phebe Abbot (137) March 21, 1765. He died Feb. 21, 1805, aged eighty. Children, born in Andover ::340-I. PHEBE, b. Jan. 25, 1766; m. Jonathan Porter, a merchant of Medford, Nov. 7, 1790. |