having been loosened, an immediate restoration of things to their original state could scarcely be expected.

A spirit is still manifest among us, producing an impatience of controul, a reluctance to acknowledge superiority, and an eagerness to call in question the propriety and expediency of established forms and customs.

These effects must be obvious to those, who recollect the state of sobriety in this island before the promulgation of the disorganizing principles of the modern philosophy; and this unfavouràble change in our national habits and sentiments, this tendency to discontent, and disorder, this relaxation of the bonds of civil and religious obligation, may be most effectually counteracted by the judicious exertions of the parochial clergy.

loosened, an immediate restoration of things to their original state, could scarcely be expected.

A spirit is still manifest amongst us, producing a violent temper, which it is necessary to controul; a reluctance to acknowledge any superior authority; and an eagerness to call in question our established forms and customs.

These effects must be obvious, to those who recollect the state of sobriety, in this island, before the promulgation of the disorganizing principles of the modern philosophers; and this unfavourable change, in our national habits and sentiments, this tendency to discontent, disaffection, and disorder, this relaxation of the bonds of civil and religious obligation, may be most effectually counteracted by the judicious exertions of the parochial clergy.

We have not time to dissect all this charge; it would take us a day to do it as it ought to be done. We will expose only some of the errors in the first sentence.

In the second line, there should be a comma, after the neuter verb live; same line, the adverb, justly, should be after the verb be: there should be a comma after kingdom in the fourth line; and, a colon after century in the fifth line. The relative pronoun, which, in the sixth line, was intended, by the Bishop, to stand for principles; but, it does not stand for principles, it stands for time; and the meaning now is, that time will destroy every civil and ecclesiastical establishment. Radicals, Deists, Materialists, you, not one of you, I dare say, was ever in the inside of a school at Oxford or Cambridge! But, you see, the Bishop does not find fault with you, nor your principles; he, wise man, finds fault with time being publicly propagated! This is something new. And we will leave off by acquainting all of you, of the lower orders, that the Bishop's second sentence is worse than his first; and the third is worse than the second; and so on *.

We are too poor to give you any thing towards your heavy fines;

We shall keep a sharp, eye on all Bishops and parsons; and, more particu larly so, if they are, or have been, your persecutors. In any observations that we may have to make, we shall not use such phrases, as " producing an impatience of controul." All phrases like this, are the exclusive property of Oxford and

but, we think, that if you were to publish this through the streets of London, at twopence a copy, the profit would be something towards helping you out of Gaol.

In concluding, we beg leave to inform the public, that what little we know of grammar, we have learned in Mr. Cobbett's grammar which we strongly recommend to all labourers.

We are, Sir, your obedient humble servants,

JAMES HALL.
JAMES GLOVER.

Note by R. Carlile.-The first paragraph is correct, as written by the Bishop, and incorrect, as altered. The principles alluded to were not propagated throughout the world: though, in the Bishop's sense of civil and ecclesiastical ́establishments, those principles certainly tended to destroy them throughout the world; that is, wherever they existed on the earth, The Bishop is here only wrong in his estimate of the value of such civil and ecclesiastical establishments as exist in this country and as existed in France before the revolution. He takes a narrow view: he fancies those establishments are of the same value to every other person as they are to him. This is not the case: the benefits which he receives from the existing establishments are of so much injury to the labouring man, or to the man whose labour is useful to the community.

The foregoing observations are made with reference to the sense of the matter and not to the punctuation. Punctuation is to a certain degree a matter of taste and stile, which may be clearly seen in the Bishop's first paragraph; for, though, its punctuation may be altered, as the Grammarian. with two names has shewn above; yet, I contend, that the first paragraph has but one clear and distinct sense and is correctly pointed.

TO MR. R. CARLILE, DORCHESTER GAOL.

SIR, London, July 7, 1823. I READ Mr. Paine's " Age of Reason," for the first time, in the year 1819. I was so much taken up with the subject, it affected my mind in such a forcible manner, every word was like a dart piercing

Cambridge. We, poor mortals, should say, "producing a violent temper, which it is necessary to controul;" but, then, this is vulgar common language, easily understood.

into my heart, the matters treated of took such hold of my mind, that ́ I read it over three times in the course of the first week; and, I have read it through several times since. This perusing caused me to reflect on the whole of the subjects in the Bible; it caused me to examine every part most minutely; and, after mature deliberation, I am now perfectly satisfied, that the whole book is a perfect monstrous diabolical imposition. That it was, in the first instance, written with an intention to deceive the poor credulous people; to keep them in slavery, and to brutalize them; to prevent them from studying for their own benefit; or for the benefit of their fellow creatures, or from gaining any kind of sound knowledge; to make them believe, solely, in what the parsons tell them; in order that the king, the noblemen, and the priests, may live on the fruits of the earth, produced by the sweat of their (the people's) brow!

I will here refer to the 9th verse of the 38th chapter of Genesis. Now, my friends, you, who think for yourselves; what do you think of this sentence? I am ashamed to put it on paper! Here is a beastly sentence! Here is Divine Revelation talking in such a bawdy manner, as must make every male as well as every female blush!TM Will any father, when he sees this sentence, this notable verse, put this book into the hands of his female child? or into the hands of any child? O! Ignorance! O! Credulity! O! Stupidity! I will say no more, but leave every person to judge for himself.

Our Boroughmongers and Religionists, are constantly recommending this book to the people, under a pretence of taking care of their morals, but in reality, to cheat, and plunder them of their property, under the cloak of piety.

If Judge Bailey has read the Bible through, or if he has only read the parts referred to in your penny list of references, and still says, that he believes, that it is the word of God, then, it must be obvious to every reflecting mind, that he is not fit for a Judge.

The people of England are, generally speaking, too good natured, too unsuspecting of their task-masters; and Doctor Watts appears to have been of the same opinion; for, in his Logic, at page 205, he says, "As for principles of religion we frequently find how they are taken up and forsaken, changed and resumed by the influence of princes. In all nations the priests have much power also in dictating the religion of the people, but the princes dictate to thein: and where there is a great pomp and grandeur attending the priesthood in any religion whatsoever, with so much the more reverence and stronger faith do the people believe whatever they teach them; yet it is too often evident, that riches, and dominions, and high titles, in church or state, have no munner of pretence to truth and certainty, wisdom and goodness."

Every priest gets his livelihood by deception; he has not honesty enough in him to write in this manner, if sober and in his senses; but, notwithstanding that, the man who wrote the above, was a great Doctor of Divinity; he well knew the weakness of man; and, I think, that he must have been disappointed in some promotion, or he wrote it

intending to injure, or to give somebody uneasiness, and this caused him to become an honest man for a few minutes, at any rate, or he never would have put this paragraph upon paper.

And, now Sir, in concluding, I give you joy on your complete triumph, though in prison, over all kings, noblemen, and priests. Had you worked night and day, for fifty years, in the cause of truth and justice, you never could have gained a more complete triumph, than the King of Portugal has given you. He has done you more honour, and the people and the cause of liberty more good, than any king in the world ever did or ever will do.

The next revolution that takes place, in any country, where a king reigns, if it be a hundred or more years hence, away he will be sent to work for his bread; most likely at a tread-mill, or perhaps, I ought to say, that he will be made to tread upon something that may drop from under his feet, and leave him aloft; with all the Noblemen on his right and all the Bishops on his left.

I am only a poor labourer, but, notwithstanding that, I have felt a great deal for you, your Wife, Sister, Mrs. Wright, and indeed all the persons suffering for this noble, just, and virtuous cause.

I am, Sir, your obedient humble servant,

JAMES HALL.

TO MR. R. CARLILE, DORCHESTER GOAL.

SIR, London, July 7, 1823. You must have been astonished, at the stupidity of our Boroughmongers, when they framed and passed the six Acts which abolished all our Liberties. One or two of those Acts were passed to prevent us from meeting; to prevent us from communicating knowledge to each other; to keep us in a state of bondage; to make us cringe and fawn to those ignorant beings calling themselves our superiors. But, after all their craftiness, they will fail in their intention; and it will recoil with tenfold vengeance on their own heads, when the day of reckoning comes.

The Boroughmongers' Tools, the Magistrates, are now working hard to suppress all the Fairs round the Metropolis; under a false hypocritical pretence, that they are injurious to the Peoples' Morals! The guardians of our Ancestors' Morals never attempted to interfere with their little amusements. Here our enemies show their ignorance and fear, both at the same time; because we are all sensible that it is done with an intention to prevent us from assembling together! They think that we should march in a body to demand our rights. They are afraid of their own shadow! They think, that they can see the Soldiers, at these fairs, drinking with the people, who are endeavouring to seduce them: here they let us see their tremulous minds!

Lord Shaftsbury, in his Miscellaneous Reflections, says, that the Noblemen of England are frightened of an honest man! What a life it is, to be afraid of an upright man! You, Sir, have frightened them more, by your straight-forward honesty, than any man ever did before.

They will not allow us to assemble at any time, or in any place, unless we have a great Monk at the head of the party; and, then, we must not, in Ireland, stop out after sunset, if we do they will transport us.

We have had three great meetings this last week. The first assembled at (our great Monk's) the Archbishop of Canterbury's Palace; and marched in grand procession to a field near the Waterloo Road; there the Monk, who has fifty thousand a year to stultify us, laid the first stone of a New Church, which is to be called Saint John's.

There were not less than ten thousand Women; but not more than five hundred men. Women have always been fond of Black and Red coats; but the Black coats have showed us, that they are fonder of the Red coats than they are of the Ladies! The credulity of the Ladies is almost beyond belief!

The second meeting was at Poplar, with the great Monk, LondonBishop at its head, to consecrate a Church or something of that sort.

Not less than one million and a half of money has been expended in building new Churches; and a half a million more has been expended, in buildings for the King, at Pimlico, and for the Courts of Injustice in Westminster. One million has been taken by the Government from the unclaimed dividends. Two millions have been advanced by the Bank to the East India Company. Now, here is a thundering Loan made to the Government, totally unperceived by the people.

There have been more new Churches and Chapels built, in and round London, during the last three years, than there are in the City of Paris all put together.

The third meeting consisted of 500 Noblemen and Noblewomen, and was at Richmond, with the Duke of York at its head. He is the Bishop of Osnaburgh, or some such name, by this you see, that he is a great Monk. He is also Commander in Chief of the English Forces; very pretty employment, indeed, for a Bishop! But, then, this command brings him in sixteen guineas a day, and the keep of sixty horses. This meeting cost between four and five thousand pounds, and was called by that great Boroughmonger the Marquis of Hertford; who and whose Father have received one million one hundred thousand pounds of the people's money during the last forty years. The Morning Post newspaper, boasted, soon after the late Marquis died, of the great Riches that he had left behind. It said that he had laid out seven hundred thousands pounds in Land; and that the present Dowager-Marchioness had four hundred thousand pounds in ready money. The present Marquis was own cousin to Castlereagh, "the mental delusion" man, who cut his throat. This Castlereagh and his Relations, and his wife's Relations,