The diphthong ou, identical with ow, is a compound

of äo. Open the mouth freely in giving the initial

Concert drill exercises on the following table may be given as follows:

1. Preliminary breathing exercise.

2. Concert phonic spelling of the words under each vocal.

3. Concert pronunciation of words, with various degrees of force from the whisper to loud force, and with the rising, the falling, and the circumflex inflections.

4. If time will allow, require each pupil, singly, to take the drill indicated above.

II. TABLE OF VOCALS.

a.—āle, sail, pay, they, vein, gāuģe, breāk, ģāol.
ä.—äh! äre, hälf, läugh, heärth, guärd, äunt, älms.
a, ô.-all, awe, aught, broad, stalk, naught, ôught.
a.—add, ănd, at, băde, plaid, cătch, mặn, hănd.
â, ê.-âir, dâre, beâr, thêre, squâre, êre, hêir, ê'er.
ȧ.-ånt, ȧsk, dance, chance, glass, last, staff, gåsp.
a, Ŏ. was, wand, wasp, what, swap, not, blot, god.
ē.—mē, wē, bee, bean, fierce, niece, seize, kēy, tea.
ĕ.—ĕnd, dread, said, sayş, deaf, feoff, yes, gět, yět.

TABLE OF VOCALS.-Continued.

ẽ, L-err, her, earth, were, verge, myrrh, thirst, work. e, ā.-vein, deign, rein, they, prey, weight, neigh ê, â.-thêre, whêre, âir, êre, bâre, ne'er, câre, e'er. i, ỹ.-ice, pine, fire, lyre, lie, liar, aisle, ayes, eyes. Ĭ.—în, pin, been, hymn, myth, sieve, build, since. i, ẽ.-thirst, first, girl, earn, learn, bird, third, worst. ï, ẽ.—pïque, clïque, ob lïque', pol ïce', ma rïne'. ō.-ōld, ōak, brōke, pōur, ōre, door, tōll, sew, tów. ŏ, ạ.—ŏdd, nõt, dog, god, lõst, off, cough, moss, loss. ọ, ōō, u.—move, moon, rule, do, route, true, grew, you. ô, a.—ôr, nôr, hôrse, quart, wart, côrn, stôrm, bôrn. ó, ŭ.-done, són, doeş, dóth, sponge, blood, flood, run. ọ, oo, u.—wolf, would, wood, should, book, cook, put. ū.—üşe, mūşe, due, few, view, feūd, tūne, cūbe, tūbe. ŭ, ỏ.—tŭb, bŭt, dust, trust, done, does, bomb, crumb. u, oo, o.-rule, rude, truth, youth, spoon, move, prove. û.—ûrge, pûrge, bûrn, tûrn, fûr, bûrr, cûr, cûrl, fûrl. ụ, 00, ọ.—put, pull, push, bush, puss, book, took. oi, oy.—oil, boil, toil, boy, joy, cloy, roil, coil, foil. ou, ow.-out, our, ounce, flour, power, sour, owl.

III. CONCERT DRILL.

In concert drill on the following table, observe the following directions.

1. Read the columns vertically.

2. Repeat with slow movement; moderate; fast.

3. Repeat in a forcible whisper.

4. Repeat with gentle force; moderate; loud.

IV. VOWEL SOUNDS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.

There are many delicate shades of sound in unaccented vowels which must be learned from the lips of the living teacher, or by noticing carefully the pronunciation of educated and critical people.

I. Final unaccented ar, er, ir, or, yr.

The vowels a, e, i, o, u, y, preceding r in final unaccented syllables, have the sound of e as in her.

běğ'gar

al'der

är'mor

sulphur

III.

Words having a or o unaccented.

In words like the following, a or o in unaccented final syllables has a slightly obscured sound of short u.

IV. Final unaccented a.

Unaccented a, at the end of a word, has the sound of intermediate a, verging towards short u, as com ́må or com'mů.

v. Sound of a in unaccented final syllables.

In words like the following, a has the sound of short

e; as, -age=ěj, and -ate = ět.

VI. Unaccented a as an initial syllable.

In the first syllable of words like the following, the vowel a, when unaccented, has nearly the sound of short a a little obscured, or of a as in ask, verging towards short u; as a bout', à bove'; or à bout', à bove. Avoid the common error of giving a the long sound; as ā bove ́, mã chïne'; also that of short u, as u bout', u bove'. In the dictionary this sound is unmarked.

VII. Silent e and o.

In the following words and some others, e and o are silent before n or 7, thus-heaven = hěvn, evil = ēvl.