JULY CONGRESS. July 4, 1776.
of human event it becomes necessary for one people to dipolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to
oporre among the pavers of the earth, the separate and fisten to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle then, a deant respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they
fromil declare the causes which impel the dhe jepre
We hold there with tobe felf-ordent, that all mon are created equal, that they are endowed by their Create
with certain unalunatie Rights, that ning there we fi. Liberty and the porosid of Happiness- - That to focure there rights, Governments are emotitiated among Men, during their just
Porres from the comment of the ground.
Form of Govern
unment becomie destuctive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to attic or to abolish it, and to institute new
Boommmend laying its foundation on each principle and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall som most likely to effect their safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed,
will stictats that Governments long established theed not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all reperience hath theron, that mankind are: disposed to suffer, whet
code are suffurable, than to right thomatis trishing the forms to which they a as accustomed. But when along train of abuses and ufurpations, purnung invariably the same Object
design to reduce them under absolute Despotion, it is their right, it is there duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their
future fanity - Such has
been the patient fiftfrance of these colonies; and fuck a is now the necefity which constans them to ater the former Systems of Government. The history of the proment King of Great
Britain is at history of repeated injuries and rescupations, all having in sored byed the establishment of an absolute Tyranny & over these States. To prove this, let Brits be submitted to a conde
He has refined his Apsont to Laws, the most wholesome and necesary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate
and peeping importana, unless fuspended in their operation till his Afsont should be stained; and when sosiopended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to
pop other Low for the accommodation of large district's of people, unlife those preoph would relinquch the right of Representation on the legislature, aright eneste bite to them and formidable
to Apants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them rat
compliance with his measures. He has deported Repetitative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmnes his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for
along time, after such dipolitions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative flowns, incapable of Annihilation, have caturned to the Prophe at large for their remain, the take.
my in the mean time expond to all the dangus of invasion from withoud, and convulsions within. He has endeavoured to piwent the population of these dixter for that prespace obstine.
ling the Lown for Naturaligation of Foringnus; refusing to pass others to menaage their migestions hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
Administration of Justice, by refusing his Absent to save for establishing Jadiciary powers- He sais morde Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their
and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and ant hither juvams of Offions to hangs one people, and cat out there substance.
• time of peace, standing Armes without the Consent of our legislatures. He has apjected to nudes the Military independent of and superior to the livil pouve
with others to subject to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and und
un acknowledged b
by
our laws; giving
hes Apent to their Acts of prolinded Segustation.
armed troops among ui-
For protending them, by a mock trial.
1. from. punishment for any Murders which they should commut on the Inhabitants of these Stixtes:
our Frade with all posts of the world. _. For imposing Taxes on us with out our Comment!
For depriving
Ires to be tried for prentended offences.
us in many arses, of the benefits of Trial by Jury,
For abolishing the per Systern of English daws in a nuighbrung Prounce, establishing theun an Arbitrary, government, and enlarging ito Brandin
so as to render it at one an example and fit inftrument for introducing the same absobité inte into theme Colonies. ikiling our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laurs, and
othering fundamentally the form of our Governments.
For suspending
Leguntatures, and declaring themselves invested with frown to legislate, for us in all case whatever