not be repeated; ordinarily, it is sufficient to give them once for all. I. COMMON SUBJECT. 503. 'He came yesterday, and went away today.' The subject 'he' is common to the two statements. The community may be presented to the eye, thus: He came yesterday (A), and went away to-day (B). The conjunction 'and' connects A and B. It forms no part of either of the connected sentences. 'The man neither did the work himself nor allowed me to do it.' Re-arranged thus: S(neither) did the work himself (A); The man (nor) allowed me to do it (B). The double conjunction 'neither-nor' connects A and B. The sentences should be exhibited also in complete separation. Thus : (1). A. He came yesterday; (2). and B. He went away to-day. Neither A. The man did the work himself. nor B. The man allowed me to do it. In negative cases like this last example, the pupil may be asked to incorporate the negation with the sentences; as thus: A. The man did not do the work himself; and B. The man did not allow me to do it. EXERCISE 424. 1. The king took the hand of his earliest friend and pressed it to his heart. 2. He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain. 3. Cæsar came, saw, and conquered. 4. The boy was forbidden to go, yet disobeyed, and went. 5. The wounded soldier tried to rise, but was unable. 6. They neither saw his face nor heard his voice. 7. We condemn the sin, but pity the sinner. 8. The watchman both knew of their intentions and helped them to escape. 9. France was taken by surprise, and could give little help. 10. The governor either never heard of your case or has been misinformed. 11. The king is sick, and knows not what he does. 12. Logic neither observes, nor invents, nor discovers, but proves. II. COMMON PREDICATE. 504. 'I take this, you that.' The predicate is common to the two sentences; which may be shown thus: Council of York, were swept away.' That is: A. The Star Chamber B. The High Commission C. The Council of York were swept away. The same predication is to be expressed about each of the three subjects, and by the form now given, this is done once for all. Otherwise we should have to give the predicate three several times. Thus: A. The Star Chamber was swept away; B. The High Commission was swept away; 'Either you or I must go. In full: Either you must go, or I must go.' In separation: or B. I must go. In some examples, as in the first and second just given, the pupil will note the absence of a conjunction. The plural involves the singular. When the singular subjects take their several predicates out of the common predicate, there is a necessary change of the verb, from plural to singular. EXERCISE 425. 1. The dew, the blossom on the tree, With charms inconstant shine. 2. Suns, moons, and stars, and clouds, his sisters were; Rocks, mountains, meteors, seas, and winds, and storms, 3. Some praise the work, and some the architect. 4. Harling stood by Harling, and Billing by Billing. 5. The Lord Keeper, the Primate, the Lord Lieutenant, were impeached. 6. Every plant and every animal is adapted by nature to the position it occupies. 7. The cutting of the nerves, or the destruction of the nerve centres, renders the muscles flaccid. 8. The sea is their school of war, and the storm their friend. 9. Each throb of his pulse, each thought of his heart, was directed towards the signal. 10. Neither witch nor warlock crossed his path. 11. The dignity of Charlemagne's person, the length of his reign, the prosperity of his arms, the vigour of his government, and the reverence of distant nations, distinguish him from the royal crowd. 12. Darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people. And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. 13. A flower from a lady's hand, a nosegay, a ribbon, or a lock of hair, is certainly in all cases better than an empty nut. 14. Each purple peak, each flinty spire, Was bathed in floods of living fire. 15. How pale each worshipful and reverend guest III. COMMON OBJECT. 505. Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed.' The placing of the common object with the first verb is a poetical arrangement. A. Their welfare pleased him. and B. Their cares distressed 'Not only has he already proved, but the men now admit, that they are wrong.' A. (Not only) he has already proved B. that they are wrong. Not only A. He has proved that they are wrong; EXERCISE 426. 1. The needy sell it (freedom), and the rich man buys. 2. I have declared, and I will declare, his glory. 3. All desire, but not many attain, a happy old age. 4. The mothers nurse it, and the sires defend. 5. Does he intend, does he at all wish, to go abroad? 6. I do not understand, neither can I imagine, what the statement means. 7. Either nobody asked, or everybody was supposed to know, why the change was made. 8. The boy suspected, and the man knew, what had become of the money. 9. I foresaw, yet I could not prevent, these sad consequences. 10. Yes! let the rich deride, the proud disdain, These simple blessings of the lowly train. IV. COMMON ADJECTIVAL ADJUNCT. 506. The young men and women of the village assembled.' In full: 'The young men of the village [assembled], and the young women of the village assembled.' Ör thus: The young { men of the village assembled. A. The young men of the village assembled; and B. The young women of the village assembled. 'The Normans rapidly acquired all the knowledge and refinement which they found in the country. In full: The Normans rapidly acquired all the knowledge which they found in the country (A), and [the Normans rapidly acquired] all the refinement which they found in the country (B). Or thus: The Normans rapidly acquired all the { knowledge and refinement which they found in the country. The examples given here sometimes show other points of community besides the Adjectival Adjunct. Such common parts may be noted in a subordinate way, as by being enclosed in brackets, the special attention being required for the common Adjectival Adjuncts. EXERCISE 427. 1. Such was the intelligence, the gravity, and the selfcommand of Cromwell's warriors. 2. Nine-tenths of the miseries and vices of mankind proceed from idleness. 3. Nor did his adverse fortune ever deprive him of the respect and confidence of his soldiers. 4. Latimer and Cranmer, who were charged with a share in the usurpation, were thrown into the tower. 5. She possessed wonderful readiness and ingenuity. 6. Various were the hopes and fears excited by the news. 7. He had neither influence nor energy sufficient for the task. 8. Not only the improvement but the very existence of such institutions depends upon reform. 9. Both the officers and the men appointed to the expedition were carefully selected. 10. There was a patience, a reasonableness, a good nature, a good faith, which nobody had anticipated. 11. My manors, halls, and bowers, shall still V. COMMON ADVERBIAL ADJUNCT. 507. 'He goes and comes every day.' In full: 'He goes every day (A), and [he] comes every day (B).' Otherwise represented: A. He goes and B. He comes every day. 'Whether will he go abroad or stay at home, now he is free?' Re-arranged: A. (Whether) will he go abroad, now he is free? Whether A. Will he go abroad, now he is free? or B. [Will he] stay at home, now he is free? The main attention here being due to the Adverbial Adjunct common to the united clauses, the other points of community may be content with secondary notice. They may be bracketed. EXERCISE 428. 1. From the day of his death, Bacon's fame has been constantly and steadily progressive. 2. After residing at Cambridge two years, Temple departed without taking a degree, and set out upon his travels. 3. Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place. 4. And when the Lord raised them up judges, then the Lord was with the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies. 5. As soon as we had heard these things, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more courage in any man, because of you. 6. To Elizabeth, these problems were not only unintelligible, they were a little ridiculous. 7. The ship having struck on a rock, the waves washed over her, and all hands were lost. 8. Before you decide to settle there, either go to see the place for yourself, or get fuller information about it. 9. You or I would go if we had an invitation. 10. When two are stript, long ere the course begin, VI. ELLIPSIS of CONJUNCTION. 508. The link between sentences is often omitted when the nature of the connection is obvious. There is frequently considerable rhetorical advantage in bringing the statements close together, the suggestion of the connective being left to the meaning. The omission is common |