was captured, the slave received the reward. 4. I walked beside him over the dark wintry sands towards the old boat, while the wind sighed around us mournfully. 5. When their meal was over, they at once proceeded on their way. 6. Now that supper was on the table, Mrs. Abigail ate very heartily. 7. When Susan had thus been silenced, the mistress proceeded to other matters. S. Some were thrown into prison, while others went into exile. 9. When you have done that, repair to Pompey's statue. 10. Now that those bad institutions have fallen, we must hasten to prop the edifice which it was lately our duty to batter.

Adverbial Clause of Cause into Participial Phrase
(Absolute).

418. As plants have no power of locomotion, their food must be placed near them''Plants having no power of locomotion, their food must be placed near them.'

'All defence was useless, for the judges had already decided the matter among themselves' = All defence was useless, the judges having already decided the matter among themselves.'

EXERCISE 354.

1. Corruption was necessary for the Tudors, for their Parlia ments were feeble. 2. Since these men could not be convinced, it was determined that they should be persecuted. 3. Nothing came of this secret embassy, for Egmont's heart and fate were already fixed. 4. The dog could not enter, because the hole was too small. 5. Defence was unthought of, for the mortal enemy had passed from the mind. 6. This extreme zeal on both sides is ill-placed; for poetry and criticism are by no means the universal concern of the world. 7. The sailors refused to proceed to sea, because the ship was overloaded. 8. As there was no hope of escape, they resigned themselves to their fate. 9. The Protector was glad to make peace, for his position was daily growing more perilous. 10. Since there is no longer fear of invasion, the army may be reduced.

419. When these two great revolutions had been effected, our forefathers were by far the best governed people in Europe'=' These two great revolutions having been effected, our forefathers were by far the best governed people in Europe.'

'Now that the Parliament was even obsequious, the king could not fail to obtain what he wanted' ='The Parliament now being even obsequious, the king could not fail to obtain what he wanted.'

In addition to the meaning of Cause or Reason, the meaning of Time is more or less prominent.

EXERCISE 355.

1. Now that their distress was over, they forgot that he had returned to them. 2. When Solon was chosen Archon, the chaos of state was soon reduced to order. 3. As you can no longer resist, you had better surrender. 4. When the sentence of death was pronounced, the prisoner fainted. 5. Since the expected succours had not yet arrived, the whole body thought of flight. 6. When the sun rises, darkness flees away. 7. Now that there is no more use for these things, you may remove them. 8. While the pirates were still hovering about the coast, the citizens kept constant guard. 9. Now that the prisoner has contrived to escape, our suspicions are confirmed. 10. When you have once attained your object, will you be satisfied?

3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE replaced by INFINITIVE.

Adverbial Clause of Cause into Infinitive.

420. 'I am comforted since (or because, as, that, &c.) I find your strength is not impaired''I am comforted to find your strength is not impaired.'

'Sir Anthony will stare when (and because) he sees the Captain here'=' Sir Anthony will stare to see the Captain here.'

EXERCISE 356.

2. He

1. We were very sorry that we had to part with him. was ashamed that he was unable to excuse himself. 3. Why weep ye not when ye think upon my wrongs? 4. I am happy that I have lived to see this day. 5. He is most imprudent as he still persists in his error. 6. My hair doth stand on end when I hear her curses. 7. Thou art not holy seeing that thou beliest me so. 8. He was a fool since he did not hold out longer. 9. You do the author no injustice when you draw this inference.

10.

I grow weary as I behold
The selfish and the strong still tyrannize.

Adverbial Clause of Condition, or Manner, into Infinitive. 421. You would be acting most imprudently if you should go with him' You would be acting most imprudently to go with him.'

They would have been very silly if they had believed such a story''They would have been very silly to believe such a story?

EXERCISE 357.

1. I should be sorry if I were the cause of his failure. 2. They would have been inhuman if they had not succoured him. 3. We should be too severe if we did not allow much for the traveller's difficulties. 4. The king would be very injudicious were he to enter upon a contest with his people. 5. You would not be acting generously if you did not give him the benefit of the doubt. 6. He would be very thankful were he relieved of this duty. 7. We should be misleading our readers if we did not state the other side of the question. 8. The author would do well if he should reconsider this part of the subject. 9. He thought he should be unwise, were he to force unwelcome changes on them. 10. Were the general to be influenced by these reports, he would be considered very irresolute.

Adverbial Clause of Consequence into Infinitive.

422. He has completed all the arrangements to-night, so that he will be free to-morrow'' He has completed all the arrangements to-night, so as to be free to-morrow.

'He spoke so hesitatingly that we did not believe him,' or 'He spoke with some hesitation, so that we did not believe him'=' He spoke so hesitatingly as to make us disbelieve him, or 'He spoke hesitatingly so as to keep us from believing him.

See note under § 336.

1.

EXERCISE 358.

He swore so loud

That, all amazed, the priest let fall the book. 2. He described everything with the utmost minuteness, so that there were left no doubts as to his identity. 3. The shots cut through the ranks so cleanly and so keenly that a clear lane could be seen for a moment through the square. 4. He behaved very

rudely, so that he was dismissed. 5. The boy loitered so long on the way that he was afraid to go in. 6. We will work most diligently so that we shall at least deserve a prize. 7. The ship got well before the wind, so that she made a very short passage. 8. The tree had fallen right across the road, so that it barred our way. 9. The steamer went down when they were in bed, so that they had no chance of escape. 10. I was not so young when my father died but that I perfectly remember him.

423. What has he suffered that he should be so much pitied?'='What has he suffered to be so much pitied?'

'Who are they that we should trust them implicitly?'' Who are they to receive our implicit confidence?'

EXERCISE 359.

1. What have we done that we should be thus thrown into the back-ground? 2. Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary? 3. What circumstances have occurred that our proposals should be withdrawn? 4. Am I a child that I should be thus dictated to? 5. What common sense can they possess, that they should ever have supposed the project feasible? 6. Who is the Lord, that I should obey his voice? 7. What has happened that you all turn away from me? 8. What duty has he neglected that he should be dismissed? 9. What have they done that you should be so deeply offended? 10. What am I that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?

4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE replaced by GERUND.

Adverbial Clause of End or Purpose into Gerund. 424. Some of the cargo was thrown overboard that the ship might be lighter'='Some of the cargo was thrown overboard to lighten the ship.'

'Charles and Buckingham undertook a journey in disguise, in order that the prince might see his bride elect-in order to let the prince see his bride elect.' 'In order that' and 'in order to' are strengthened forms.

'You must go away, lest they should suspect something, or You must go away, that (so that, to the end that) they may not suspect anything'='You must go away, (in order) to prevent their suspecting something so as to prevent suspicion on their part—not to excite their suspicion.

EXERCISE 360.

1. Let my people go that they may serve me. 2. Constantius had separated his forces that he might divide the attention and resistance of the enemy. 3. Come into the light that we may see you. 4. I closed mine eyelids lest the gems should blind my purpose. 5. I came that Marco might not come. 6. They let alone the Princess Mary lest they might provoke a war with the Emperor Charles. 7. The children were brought to his room that he might take leave of them. 8. I inform you of this fact lest I should seem to arrogate to myself the merits of others. 9. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge.

10. Then give me leave that I may turn the key,
That no man enter till my tale be done.

Adverbial Clause of Degree replaced by

Infinitive or Gerund after 'too,' 'enough,' 'so-as,' &c. 425.There is no art or science that is so difficult that industry cannot attain to it. Another form is-There is no art or science that is so difficult as not to be attained to by industry.' Clarendon says 'There is no art or science that is too difficult for industry to attain to.'

'The line is so long that it will reach the bottom.' The phrase forms are much more elegant: The line is as long as to reach the bottom,' 'the line is long enough to reach the bottom."'

He was not so brave that he would enter the house alone. Otherwise: 'He was not so brave as to enter the house alone'; 'he was not brave enough to enter the house alone. Another neat equivalent