told that St. Anne had been a saint before he was born and would be one after he was hanged. 8. There has not been a lawsuit in the parish since this clergyman settled in it. 9. After he had enjoyed many triumphs and suffered many reverses, Dryden at last reached eminence.

10. A time there was, e'er England's griefs began,

When every rood of ground maintained its man.

403. As soon as Louis XIV. was dead, the whole court unmasked.' Two other forms are exceedingly common : No sooner was Louis XIV. dead, than the whole court unmasked,' and ' Hardly was Louis XIV. dead, when the whole court unmasked.' The same meaning is given thus: Immediately on (or after) the death of Louis XIV., the whole court unmasked.'

EXERCISE 337.

1. They shall have no sooner achieved the exploit, than we'll set upon them. 2. No sooner was the first pressure of military tyranny felt, than the nation began to struggle fiercely. 3. The moment I cast my eyes upon him, I determined not to give him a single penny. 4. As soon as we received the news, we set out. 5. Hardly had he set foot on shore, when he was arrested. 6. William had just entered his sixteenth year when he joined the army. 7. My heart smote me the moment he shut the door. 8. I no sooner saw this venerable man in the pulpit, than I very much approved of my friend's choice. 9. Sir Roger's back was no sooner turned than honest Will began to tell me of his adventures. 10. I will praise thee as long as I live.

EXERCISE 338.

General examples.

1. When we expressed a wish to go into the forest, he kindly volunteered to accompany us. 2. Watch me as I advance. 3. When Richard died John became King. 4. As Sir Roger was going on with his story, the chaplain came up to us. 5. When my friend arrived at his country seat, his servants were all delighted. 6. The East-Angles had sorely hated the Mercians ever since their king Æthelberht had been treacherously killed by Offa. 7. I recognized him the moment I saw him. 8. We had no sooner come to the Temple Stairs than we were surrounded by a crowd of watermen. 9. While this ballad was reading, she gave great attention. 10. As soon as the sermon is finished, nobody presumes to stir till the knight has gone out of the church.

R

Adverbial Clause of Degree into Prepositional Phrase.

404. He went to work so vigorously that he astonished everybody. The clause of degree and the adverb 'vigorously' modified by 'so,' may be combined in a shorter expression: 'He went to work with astonishing vigour.

'He studies more diligently than ever (he studied before)'=' He studies with increased diligence.'

The boy ran as fast as he could (run)'=' The boy ran at the top of his speed.

EXERCISE 339.

1. The orator speaks so fluently that nobody can be compared with him. 2. They have defended their cause as ably as they could (defend it). 3. On this occasion he seemed to speak more earnestly than he usually spoke. 4. You must act as cautiously as becomes your position. 5. He does his work more skilfully than almost anybody else could (do it). 6. The count's visits were made so secretly that suspicion was aroused. 7. They have acted more discreetly than most people would have done. 8. The king fled as fast as a fleet horse could carry him. 9. She strolled through the splendid rooms and giddy crowd so abstractedly that she did not appear to notice anybody or anything.

10. I bore thee like the quiver on my back,

Fleet as the whirlwind hurries on the rack.

405. The higher we ascend into the air, the colder it becomes''The air becomes colder in proportion to (or according to) the height (of "our ascent).'

The population probably declined as the estates of the landed proprietors grew larger'=' With the increase of the estates of the landed proprietors the population probably declined.'

The question is so complicated that it cannot be settled immediately' may be given thus: 'The question is too complicated for immediate settlement.

EXERCISE 340.

1. The greater his difficulties are, the more energy he dis plays. 2. It was only as the weary fight went on that the colonists

learned little by little the greatness of their leader. 3. He was so indolent that he could not be successful. 4. And ever as night wears more and more new groups throng into the mill. 5. The more intense the effects, the more fruitful would be the example of this great execution. 6. He was so weak that he could not under

take a public career. 7. As the schism yawns, more and more ominously, throughout Christendom, the Emperor naturally trembles. 8. The higher the stake, the more nervous he became. 9. The longer the race is, the better is his chance of winning. 10. He is so clever that you cannot deal with him successfully.

Adverbial Clause of Belief into Prepositional Phrase. 406. As I think, we have a good case'' In my opinion, we have a good case.'

Keep peace, as you value your lives' = 'Keep peace, upon your lives'; or, 'at peril of your lives.'

The note in small type under the corresponding § 318 is again applicable here.

EXERCISE 341.

2. I

1. Now, as thou lovest me, do him not that wrong. answered his objections, and, as I thought, brought him over to my opinion. 3. But pardon't as you are a gentleman. 4. Now, as you are a Roman, tell me true. 5. But, as thou lovest thy life, make speed from hence. 6. We rowed, as I computed, about three leagues. 7. As I judged by the noise I heard, their numbers had increased. 8. As far as I observed, none of our friends were present. 9. As sure as I'm a magistrate of this county, I'll commit you. 10. The spiritual attendants of the dying slaveholder regularly adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren for whom Christ died.

Adverbial Clause of Cause into Prepositional Phrase.

407. They were thrown into prison, because they refused to answer these questions'' They were thrown into prison for refusing to answer these questions.'

'He resigned his office, as he had been discourteously treated'' He resigned his office on the ground of (or owing to) discourteous treatment— from having been discourteously treated.'

'The Suevi were proud that they had no neighbours''The Suevi were proud of having no neighbours.'

EXERCISE 342.

1. He was severely reprimanded because he was late. 2. They were dejected as their position was hopeless. 3. Since you are acquainted with the facts, you can judge for yourself. 4. As the weather was bad, we remained indoors. 5. The Batavians were justly proud that they paid no tribute to Rome. 6. Because he was reckless in his youth, he is miserable now. 7. Since you have repeatedly asked me to come, I must at length consent. 8. No man ought to be severely censured because he is not beyond his virtue. 9. Ali's partisans abandoned him, because they hated his cruelty and tyranny.

10. By being seldom seen, I could not stir

But like a comet I was wonder'd at.

EXERCISE 343.

age in

1. The young king was struck with remorse because he had appeared in arms against his father. 2. As the society had been in trouble, there had been no valid election of members in that year. 3. I am right glad that he's so out of hope. 4. We are now as little disposed to admire a man because he can write such lines, as because he can write his name. 5. The English Parliament expressed great indignation that they should even be suspected of evil designs on their king. 6. The father of Cadijah made some opposition to the match, because Mahomet was poor. 7. We may congratulate ourselves that Goethe has left us so much criticism. 8. As he persisted in refusing help, I left him alone. 9. The ships were in extreme peril, for the river was low. 10. One feels pleased and satisfied that the man finds such a biographer; one feels pleased and satisfied that the father owned such a son.

408. The King was vexed when (and because) he found his well-meant counsels thrown away': 'The King was vexed at (or on) finding his wellmeant counsels thrown away.'

'After a protracted litigation had been carried through, the sentence was affirmed '=' After (and as the result of) a protracted litigation, the sentence was affirmed.'

There is here mixed up with the meaning of Cause or Reason the additional meaning of Time.

EXERCISE 344.

1. Some of the domestics could not refrain from tears when they saw their old master. 2. He is very much irritated when unjust attacks are made upon him. 3. As he continued to speak, the audience became uproarious. 4. When I informed him that the inquiry was unsuccessful, he seemed greatly surprised. 5. When they refuse to obey, they are at once dismissed. 6. As everything was in confusion, the little boy was forgotten. 7. I was surprised when I saw that our cousin had been pitched upon for this office. 8. We were very good friends as long as there was no chance of rivalry. 9. The good-natured girl let fall a tear when she heard this account. 10. After he had been treated so harshly, he would not remain.

Adverbial Clause of Condition into Prepositional Phrase. 409. 'He would have paid dearly for his fraud, had he not escaped across the sea'= 'He would have paid dearly for his fraud, but for his escape across the sea.'

·

Unless the proprietor permit us, we may not enter the grounds'=' Without the proprietor's permission, we may not enter the grounds.'

'Had he been absent, the motion would have been carried''In his absence, the motion would have been carried'; but for his being present, the motion would have been carried.'

EXERCISE 345.

1. If our consternation would have permitted, we might have retreated with great order. 2. The king could impose no tax unless his Parliament consented. 3. If you assume indifference, you may escape suspicion. 4. He would have perished, had this stranger not shown him kindness. 5. If this be so, we must be on our guard. 6. Unless the neighbouring tribes are well disposed, we can make little progress. 7. If I had not been better acquainted with the facts, he would have led me into a great error. 8. No one could leave his shire unless its alderman permitted him. 9. The king had done what, had an unforeseen accident not happened, would probably have produced a bloody conflict round the Speaker's chair. 10. The prince cannot raise more troops unless he first raise more money. 11. If you exert yourself strenuously, you may still gain your object. 12. If you associate with bad people, you will become bad.