I. ADVERBIAL PHRASE into ADVERB.

293. The general remarks under § 214, where the interchange was presented from the other side, are again applicable here.

The Prepositional Phrase is the chief phrase form represented in the instances of this substitution. The very important cases where a phrase consisting of a Relative Pronoun and a Preposition is replaced by a Relative Adverb, have been already exemplified (§§ 125-159).

Adverbial Phrase of Place into Adverb.

294. 'Rizzio was murdered in this place—in this city-in this room'=' Rizzio was murdered here.'

'What do you see in that place?—in that book? &c.'='What do you see there??

'He went to Paris, being invited to Paris-to that city, &c.-by the king'='He went to Paris, being invited thither by the king.'

EXERCISE 243.

1. I bade him put the ball in this drawer, and in this drawer it is. 2. When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea, he was afraid to go to Judeu (or to that country). 3. Landing at Syracuse, we tarried in it (or at Syracuse) three days. And from it (or from Syracuse, from that port, town, &c.) we came to Rhegium. 4. David put his hand in his bag, and took from it (or out of the bag) a stone. 5. He seldom lives in this part of the country. 6. Remove from this place to yonder place. 7. What place do you come from? and what place are you going to? 8. Do you see anything in yonder quarter? 9. When he came to the fig tree, he found nothing on it (or on the fig tree) but leaves. 10. On the first day of the first month thou shalt set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. And thou shalt put. into it the ark of testimony. 11. And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode upon it. 12. And the angel swore by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that in it are, and the earth, and the things that in it are, and the sea, and the things which are in it, that there should be time no longer.

Adverbial Phrase of Time into Adverb.

295. 'The magazine is published every month'; -'monthly.'

'Pray without ceasing'='Pray unceasingly— constantly—ever—always.'

'State your case, and on your doing so I will advise you''State your case, and then I will advise you.'

EXERCISE 244.

2. I will be

1. A new election took place every three years. with you before many days. 3. None of the men has been found out up to the present time. 4. He arrived at an early hour this morning. 5. The method is quite useless at this time of day. 6. Various valuable collections have appeared of late years. 7. The question is debated even to this day. 8. He was hanged, and after being hanged he was quartered. 9. He struck me, and on his striking me I knocked him down. 10. We parted at that time, and we have on no occasion seen each other since our parting. 11. After this event, he intended to come at regular intervals, but before long he changed his mind of a sudden, and came on one occasion at an earlier time, | on another occasion | at a later time, than he was expected.

12.

Upon the word,
Accoutred as I was, I plunged in.

Adverbial Phrase of Degree into Adverb.

296. That report was satisfactory in every respect' 'That report was quite — altogether · entirely satisfactory."

=

=

'He is so ill as to be beyond hope of recovery' = 'He is hopelessly ill.'

EXERCISE 245.

1. The scene was in a singular degree romantic. 2. The ship is as near the shore as to be in danger. 3. The room was filled in every corner. 4. He has been supported with great energy. 5. This work is so bad as to be inexcusable. 6. He is studying German with the greatest enthusiasm. 7. The weaver submitted without (making any) resistance. 8. I'll tent him to the quick. 9. He is so clever as to surprise one. 10. I love you even to madness. 11. How did he become to such an astonishing extent a recognized farmer's friend? 12. Bentley was beyond measure superior to all the other scholars of his time.

N

Adverbial Phrase of Belief into Adverb.

297. To a certainty, the report is true'=' The report is certainly true.'

In all probability, your request will be granted' ='Most probably your request will be granted.'

EXERCISE 246.

1. His brother will, in all probability, succeed him. 2. Of a surety the fear of God is not in this place. 3. He will hit the mark with unerring aim. 4. Beyond doubt, the ship is lost. 5. He will win the prize to a certainty. 6. Joseph is, without doubt, rent in pieces. 7. Beyond all question, you are entitled to damages. 8. In all likelihood, the Queen will open Parliament in person. 9. To confess the truth, thither I had thought to go. 10. On the face of it, the plan is impracticable.

Adverbial Phrase of Cause and Effect into Adverb.

298. He worked judiciously, and by that means -by doing so he gained the prize'=' He worked judiciously, and thereby (or thus, so, &c.) he gained the prize.'

The road is dangerous; for that reason-on account of the danger of the road-be cautious' = 'The road is dangerous; therefore be cautious.'

EXERCISE 247.

1. Some reviewers are of opinion that a lady who dares to publish a book renounces by that act the franchises appertaining to her sex. 2. He suddenly advanced in the night, and by suddenly advancing in the night he surprised the enemy. 3. Owing to these causes, it is impossible to avoid war. 4. For what reason art thou come? 5. On these grounds, we were refused admission. 6. I will not hear thee; for this cause, speak no more. 7. He was liberal, and by being liberal he gained the hearts of people. 8. He is very great in knowledge, and from being very great in knowledge he is valiant. 9. The ancient kings of Judah had been judges. In accordance with this precedent, the Jews invited Christ more than once to undertake the office of a judge.

10.

If thou conquer Rome, the benefit

Which thou shalt by conquering Rome reap, is such a name
Whose repetition will be dogg'd with curses.

Adverbial Phrase of Manner into Adverb. 299. 'He fought with the utmost bravery'=' He fought most bravely.'

He speaks so as not to be heard'='He speaks inaudibly!'

"They behave without considering the consequences in a reckless manner''They behave recklessly.

EXERCISE 248.

1. He waited with the utmost anxiety. 2. He speaks with great force. 3. The poet executed his plan with great ability and success. 4. The motion was carried without a dissentient voice. 5. He does take remonstrance in good part. 6. This corporation had been treated with the utmost insolence and injustice. 7. He spoke in some excitement. 8. The editor performed his part with diligence and judgment, and without the slightest ostentation, 9. Should your people in tragedy always talk to be understood? 10. He praised his friend with great liberality, and indeed with more liberality than sincerity. 11. With what speed and with what certainty will those hundred years come to their termination! 12. Speaking so as not to be understood, and writing so as not to be read, are among the minor immoralities.

II. ADVERBIAL PHRASES interchanged.

300. The MUTUAL INTERCHANGE of Adverbial Phrases is perhaps hardly so important as the mutual interchange of Adjective Phrases. Still it is of much value. The greatest interest attaches to the Prepositional Phrase, which interchanges with all the verb forms successively. These, although interchanging with the Prepositional Phrase, do not interchange with each other to an extent worth exemplification.

The conventional distinction between Infinitive and Gerund is here acted on, although it is not in all cases so sharp as it might be. Perhaps there is little reason, beyond convenience and custom, for keeping these two forms separate from the Prepositional Phrase. It will be remembered that the Prepositional Adjective Phrase covered the Gerund form (§§ 279, 281).

1. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE into OTHER ADVERBIAL PHRASES.

Prepositional Phrase replaced by Participle (Simple). 301. He went abroad with the intention of visiting his brother'' He went abroad intending to visit his brother.'

Napoleon made his escape in the dress of a workman'='Napoleon made his escape dressed like

a workman.'

1.

EXERCISE 249.

At his control,

Despair and anguish fled the struggling soul.

2. She refused to come, on pretence of nursing a sick relation. 3. I awoke in struggles. 4. Here let me sit in sorrow for mankind. 5. He still works on in the vain hope of success. 6. Virginius rode off to the camp with the dreadful_news. 7. Camillus came from Veii at the head of an army. 8. Younger men would have willingly acknowledged his precedency, in the confidence that he would seldom make a serious mistake. 9. Some persons bend to the world in all things, from an innocent belief that what so many people think must be right.

10. In dreams, in study, and in ardent thought,

Thus was he reared.

Prepositional Phrase replaced by Participle (Absolute). 302. 'The city at length fell after a siege of ten years'='The city at length fell, the siege having lasted ten years.

'On (account of, because of, after, &c.) the third failure of his plans, he determined not to try again' His plans having failed a third time, he determined not to try again.'

EXERCISE 250.

1. He went on his way without hindrance from anybody. 2. Little progress had been made owing to the continued bad weather. 3. After ten months of assiduous toil, the Houses, in September 1641, adjourned for a short vacation. 4. He was sentenced to death, without hope of mercy. 5. Upon Hermione's going off with a menace to Pyrrhus, the audience gave a loud clap. 6. The boats had great difficulty in landing, on account of the