FORT GOWER-named for Earl Gower-a small stockade, was built by Lord Dunmore, at the mouth of the Hocking river in 1774, when on his march against the Indians in the Northwest Territory. From this place he marched his troops up the river to an encampment-Camp Charlotte-in what is now called Ross county, on the Scioto river, about seven miles south of the present city of Circleville. Here a treaty of peace was concluded with the Indians, and the army returned to Fort Gower, and then to Virginia.

FORT LAURENS-named in honor of the first President of Congress, was erected in the fall of 1778, by a detachment of one thousand men under command of General McIntosh, commander at Fort Pitt, to act as a check on the Indians who were at that time hostile to the Americans, and who gave the western settlements no little cause for alarm. After its completion a garrison of one hundred and fifty men was placed therein, under charge of Col. John Gibson. The Indians attacked the fort in the winter following and gave the garrison much trouble, killing some of the soldiers who ventured outside the walls of the stockade. The Indian siege lasted until late in February, reducing the garrison to close straits. Couriers were sent to General McIntosh, who brought provisions and aid. The fort was evacuated in August, 1779, being untenable at a such a distance on the frontier.

The fort stood

a little below the mouth of Sandy Creek," on the west bank of the Tuscarawas river, half a mile south of the present village Bolivar. The walls were octagonal in shape, enclosing about an acre of ground. The palisades were split tree trunks, inside of which were the soldiers' quarters. Col. Charles Whittlesy visited the spot about the time the canal was made and traced the old embankment now almost obliterated.

FORT HARMAR was built by Maj. John Doughty in the autumn of 1785 at the mouth (right bank) of the Muskingum river. The detachment of United States troops under command of Maj. Doughty, were part of Josiah Harmar's regiment, and hence the fort was named in his honor... The outlines of the fort formed a regular pentagon, including about three quarters

of an acre. Its walls were formed of large horizontal timbers, the bastions being about fourteen feet high, set firmly in the earth. In the rear of the fort, Maj. Doughty laid out fine gardens, in which were many peach trees, originating the familiar "Doughty peach." The fort was occupied by a United States garrison until September 1790, when they were ordered to Fort Washington (Cincinnati). A company under Capt. Haskell continued to make the fort headquarters during the Indian war of 1790-95. From the date of the settlement at Marietta across the Muskingum in the spring of 1778, the fort was constantly occupied by settlers, then rapidly filling the country.

FORT STEUBEN was built in 1789, on the site of the present city of Steubenville. It was built of block houses connected by a row of palisades and was one of the early American out-posts in the Northwest Territory. It was garrisoned by a detachment of United States troops under command of Col. Beatty. The post was abandoned soon after Wayne's victory in 1794.

FORT WASHINGTON was built by Maj. John Doughty, who was sent with a detachment of troops from Fort Harmar in September, 1789, to build a fort for the protection of the settlers in the "Symmes Purchase," between the Miami rivers. It was completed during the winter following, and under date of January 14, 1790, Gen. Josiah Harmar wrote that "It is built of hewn timber, a perfect square, two stories high, with four block houses at the angles. The plan is Maj. Doughty's and on account of its superior excellence I have thought proper to honor it with the name Fort Washington." This was an important post during the Indian war of 1790-1795, being headquarters for all military operations.

FORT HAMILTON, built in September, 1791, by Gen. Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory and commander of the troops raised to pursue and punish the Indians who the year before broke out in open hostility to the young American settlements. The army under St. Clair had rendezvoused at Fort Washington, and after being divided into three military organizations had started northward into the Indian country. Fort Hamilton, built principally as a depot for supplies, stood

on the east bank of the Great Miami river, on the site of the present city of Hamilton, Ohio, at the east end of the bridge connecting Hamilton and Rossville. The fort was a stockade, somewhat triangular in shape, with four good bastions and platforms for cannon. The officers' quarters were near the river. Eastward stood the soldiers' barracks and southward was the magazine. The next summer an addition to the north was erected by General Williamson, commander of the army. The fort was occupied until the close of hostilities and was almost the equal of Fort Washington in importance.

FORT JEFFERSON. This post was erected in 1791 by General St. Clair, forty-four miles north of Fort Hamilton. It stood in a rich tract of country about six miles south and a little west of the present city of Greenville. It was used chiefly as a depot of supplies, and hence was not a fortification nor a place to harbor troops. No plan of this fort is known to exist, but examinations have shown it was probably erected somewhat square within, with projecting corners, these being protected by block house defenses.

FORT ST. CLAIR was built about a mile north of the site of the present town of Eaton, in Preble county, in the winter of 1791-92, by a detachment of Gen. Wilkenson's troops under command of Major John S. Gano. Gen. William Harrison, then an ensign, commanded the guards each alternate night. During its building no fires could be built, hence the soldiers suffered greatly from the cold. The fort was a stockade, used for storage and supply purposes. On the 6th of November, 1792, a severe battle was fought near the fort between a corps of riflemen and a body of Indians under command of Little Turtle, the latter attacking the former about runrise. After severe fighting the Indians were defeated and driven away, having suffered disastrously in the action.

FORT GREENVILLE, on the site of Greenville, Ohio, was built in December, 1793, by Gen. Anthony Wayne, while on his march to the Indian country on the Maumee river. The fort occupied a large part of the town site, and was an irregular fortification. It was occupied as a storage place for supplies