SOURCES AND NOTES The derivation of the data in tables E-5 through E-14 is described below, including a detailed description of the original data sources. In order to conserve space the references are cited by the numbers in parentheses which refer to the bibliography provided at the end of this section. Table E-5-Gross Product Originating The estimates of constant dollar gross product originating were constructed from a variety of basic data sources. These basic data provided estimates for the various one-digit sectors of some net output measures such as gross product originating, income originating, or value added in current dollars. The only gross product originating data directly available were for the years 1947-57. These 1947-57 data were originally obtained by adding to each sector's income originating its appropriate share of national capital consumption and indirect business taxes. The net output data for other years were adjusted to conform with the GPO concept by a linking procedure: relative changes in each net output series for the one-digit sectors were applied, directly or indirectly, to the 1947 value of GPO in the one-digit sector to obtain a GPO measure for each of the indicated preceding years. Indirect linking was necessary since the initial data over the entire interval since 1799 were derived from different sources. In general, although with some exception, internally consistent data for the one-digit sectors could be found for each of the following intervals: 1799-1909, 1909-19, 1919-29, 1929-47, 194757, 1957-59. Therefore, linking the data was possible in the "overlapping" years 1909, 1919, 1929, 1947, and 1957. Having obtained a current dollar series of GPO for one-digit sectors between 1799 and 1959 it was necessary to state this series in 1959 dollars. For the years 1947-57, the current dollar GPO in each onedigit sector except manufacturing, mining, and utilities was inflated to 1959 prices by use of the implicit GNPdeflator; for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities sectors the GPO in 1959 prices was derived as the summation of two-digit GPO's in 1959 prices which, in turn, were derived by use of separate price deflators for each of the major components of GPO as shown in the notes to table E-8. For other years the price indexes used were derived by linking the following price indexes and shifting the base to 1959=100: 1799-1899, the Snyder-Tucker index as shown in (17) pp. 231 ff; 1899-1929, derived implicitly from the constant and current dollar GNP shown in (8) pp. N-1 and N-2; 1929-55, the implicit GNP index shown in (22), p. 222; 1955-59, the implicit GNP index shown in (24), p. 32. The specific statistical adjustments made and the initial data source can now be further described. 1799-1909: The initial net output data came from the following sources: Agriculture, mining, manufacturing and construction sector data for the years 1799-1839, 1899-1909 came from (10), pp. 58 ff.; for the years 1839-99 came from (7), p. 43. Utilities, transportation and communication, finance and real estate, and services sector data came from (10), p. 58 ff. Trade sector data for the years 1799-1869 came from (10), p. 58; for the years 1869-1909 from (1), p. 331. Government sector data came from (10), p. 87. An adjustment was made to allocate the government enterprise GPO to the private sectors. A rough estimate of the share of government enterprises in the government GPO was made and then allocated in the proportion of 0.9 and 0.1 to services and transportation, respectively. "Other" sector data for the years 1799-1839 came from (13), pp. 600, 621; for the years 1869– 99 from (16), pp. 700-705. The "other" sector GPO refers to GPO originating abroad. Specifically, the net interest received from foreign countries for the years 1799-1819 and the sum of net interest and dividends received from foreign countries for the years 1829-99. No attempt was made to link the two series in 1819. For the years 1899-1909 the other sector GPO was computed as a residual from the total GNP so that it includes not only GPO originating abroad but also the statistical discrepancy. Gross national product data for the years 17991889 derived as a sum of the GPO in the 12 onedigit sectors. For the years 1899-1909, data came from (12), p. 97. 1909-19: The net output data for all one-digit sectors except the agriculture, trade, government, and "other" sectors came from (10), p. 58. Trade sector data came from (1), p. 331. Agriculture sector data came from (22), p. 138. Government sector data came from (22), p. 138. An estimate of GPO in government enterprises was deducted and then allocated in the proportion of 0.9 and 0.1 to services and transportation, respectively. "Other" sector data was obtained as the residual from the total GNP. GNP data came from (12), p. 97. 1919-29: The net output data for all one-digit sectors except the agriculture, government, and other sectors came from (9). Agriculture and government sector data came from (22), p. 138. An allocation of estimated government enterprise GPO was made in the proportion of 0.9 and 0.1 to services and transportation, respectively. Other sector GPO was computed as a residual from GNP which, in turn, was obtained from (12), p. 97. 1929-47: Income originating data for all one-digit sectors came from (22), table I-10. Specifically, the data were obtained from the following lines in table I-10: Agriculture-income originating from line 2 plus indirect business taxes and capital consumption allowances from lines 11+14-15 of table VII-9. Mining-line 5. Manufacturing-line 12. Utilities-lines 62+63 plus 10 percent of government enterprise income originating found in lines 80+82. Construction-line 11. Transportation-line 51 plus 10 percent of government enterprise income originating found in lines 80 and 82. Communications-lines 60 plus 61. Finance and real estate-line 44. Services-line 64 and 80 percent of government enterprise income originating found in lines 80 and 82. Government-lines 79 plus 81. Other-derived as a residual from GNP. 1947-57: Gross product originating data were available for all one-digit sectors (except the agriculture, services, government, and other sectors) from (14) and (15) and supplementary worksheets to these reports. An adjustment was necessary to allocate the GPO in government enterprises among the utilities, transportation, and services sectors. This was done by distributing government enterprise income originating in the proportions of 0.1, 0.1, and 0.8, respectively. The services sector GPO was derived by adding to the national income originating in services, as shown in (22), the indirect business taxes and capital consumption allowances of the services sector as estimates in the supplemental worksheets to (14). Government GPO is equivalent to government income originating, as shown in (22), since there are no government payments of indirect business taxes or allowances for capital consumption. The other sector GPO was derived as a residual from the GNP which, in turn, was obtained from (12). Agriculture GPO was obtained by adding to the national income originating in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries as shown in (22) estimates of capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes and then subtracting government payments to farm landlords. Agriculture capital consumption and indirect business taxes were estimated by subtracting from the total of U.S. capital consumption and indirect business taxes as shown in (23), the capital consumption and indirect business taxes for all other sectors as estimated in the supplementary worksheets to (14). Government payments to farm landlords are shown in (22), table VII-9. 1958, 1959: The GPO for each sector was extended forward to 1958 and 1959 by assuming that the 1957 GPO in each sector changed to these years at the same rates as the national income originating in each sector as shown in (22). Table E-6-Civilian Employment in One-digit Data on civilian employment in each sector were so constructed as to be consistent with the Bureau of Census definition of total civilian employment. Because of changing definitions in the historical employment data it was often necessary to link the data in overlapping years for a greater consistency in meas uring changes over time. In particular, the sources and data used were as follows: 1819-99: The number of gainful workers in census years are shown by sector in (6-A), p. 42. The relative decennial changes implicit in these data were derived and then applied to total and sector civilian employments in 1899 as estimated below. 1899-1929: Census year gainful workers data are shown by sector in (6-A), p. 42. The relative decennial changes implicit in these data were applied to sector civilian employments in 1929 as estimated below. Total civilian employment for each census year, as distinct from total gainful workers is shown in (12), p. 101. The sum of the sector employments, as derived by using relative decennial changes, did not equal the total civilian employment. Therefore, the difference (plus or minus) was distributed proportionately among the sectors. 1929-47: Total civilian employment data for each year since 1929 are shown in (6), p. 146. Civilian employment by sector was derived from data shown in (12), p. 101. However, these data are not consistent in coverage with the sector civilian employment data for 1948-58. Two sets of data for the overlapping year 1948 are shown in (12) so that the employments shown for 1929-47 could be linked to the later data by the ratios of the two alternative estimates of employments as shown for 1948. 1948-59: Total civilian employment data are given in (6), p. 146. Civilian employment data for each one-digit sector were obtained from (12), p. 113. 1959: Total civilian employment data are given in (6), p. 146. Civilian employment data for each one-digit sector were estimated by computing relative changes between 1958 and 1959 from data given in (18), pp. 207 ff., and by applying them to the civilian employment data for each one-digit sector in 1958 as derived above. Table E-7-Gross Product Originating Per 1819-1959: Constant dollar gross product originating in each sector and for the national economy as a whole divided by employment estimated for each sector and total civilian employment, respectively. That is, each cell element in table E-5 was divided by the corresponding element of table E-6. Table E-8-Gross Product Originating in Constant dollar estimates, in 1959 prices, of gross product originating were obtained by inflating the major components of current dollar GPO by the following price indexes: Compensation of employees, which includes wages and salaries and supplements, was adjusted for price changes by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures as given in (22), p. 228. Net property income, which includes corporate profits, proprietor income, rental income and net interest was adjusted for price changes by the implicit price deflator for business gross product as given in (22), p. 226. Capital consumption allowances were adjusted for price changes by the implicit price deflator for producer's durable equipment as given in (6), p. 132. Indirect business taxes were adjusted for price changes by the implicit price deflator for government purchases of goods and services as given in (6), p. 133. The current dollar GPO for each industry was derived from the following sources: Manufacturing 2-digit industries 1947-58: Data shown in (15). 1959: The 1958 GPO was moved forward by the relative change between 1958 and 1959 in national income originating in each sector as obtained from (24). Mining 2-digit industries Compensation of employees data shown in (22) and (24) for each of the two-digit mining industries. Net property income in solid fuels, metals, and earth and stone minerals is derived by subtracting compensation of employees as derived above from national income shown in (22) and (24). Net property income in oil and gas is derived by subtracting net property income originating in solid fuels, metals, and earth and stone mining as derived above from total mining net property income as derived in (14) for the years 1947-57. The total mining net property income for the years 1958 and 1959 were derived by moving forward the 1957 net property income by the relative change in mining corporate profits before taxes as shown in (24). Capital consumption allowances for solid fuels, metals, earth and stone minerals were derived as the sum of corporate amortization depletion and depreciation for these industries as reported in (31) for the years 1947-57. For the years 1958-59 the 1957 capital consumption estimate was moved forward by the relative change between 1957-59 in all mining corporate depreciation changes as shown in (24). Capital consumption allowances for oil and gas were derived by subtracting capital consumption allowances for solid fuel, metal, and earth and stone mining, as derived above, from total mining capital consumption allowances as shown in (14) for the years 1947-57. Capital consumption for the years 1958 and 1959 were derived by moving forward the 1957 estimate by the relative change in all mining corporate depreciation changes, as shown in (24). Indirect business taxes for all mining is shown in supplementary worksheets to (14) for the years 194757. The 1957 estimate was moved forward by the relative change in mineral production between 1957 and 1959 to obtain the 1958 and 1959 estimates. These mining totals were distributed among two-digit mining industries according to each mining industry's share of total mineral production as derived from (26). Utilities 1947-57: Data as shown in supplementary worksheets to (14). 1958-59: Compensation of employees data shown in (24), p. 28. Net property income derived by subtracting employee compensation from national income as shown in (24), p. 13. Capital consumption allowances obtained by moving forward the 1957 estimate by the relative change between 1957-59 in corporate depreciation changes for utilities as shown in (24), p. 31. Indirect business taxes obtained by moving forward the 1957 estimate by the relative change between 1957-59 in the gross output of electric power and gas utilities as shown in (20), pp. 129 ff. Table E-9-Civilian Employment in Two-digit Industries Civilian employment in the one-digit manufacturing, mining, and utilities sectors are shown in table E-6. Historical data on civilian employment for two-digit industries are not directly available. However, data are available on a two-digit industry basis, for wage and salary workers and self-employed. These are fairly close, in concept, to civilian employment. Thus, the one-digit civilian employment, as derived was distributed among the two-digit industries in the proportions of the two-digit wage and salary worker and self-employed distribution. The wage and salary worker and self-employed data were derived from the following sources: 1947-50: (29), p. 40 ff. 1951-53: (27), pp. 50-54. 1954-57: (28), pp. 64-69. 1958-59: (18), pp. 209 ff. Table E-10-Gross Product Originating Per 1947-59: Gross product originating in each sector and industry (table E-8) divided by employments estimated for each sector and industry (table E-9), respectively. Table E-11-Gross Output in Two-digit Industries The value of gross output for each year since 1947 was derived by assuming that a base year (1959) constant dollar value of gross output for each twodigit industry changed at the same rate as its index of production. Thus, the index of production for each two-digit industry, as shown in table E-13, was applied to the value of gross output in 1959 as estimated below. In deriving the value of gross output for the subtotals of durables and nondurables, the one-digit totals of manufacturing, mining and utilities, and the total for all industrial production we added up the estimated values of gross output for the corresponding two-digit industries. Gross output in 1959 for each two-digit industry was estimated by first deriving the 1959 value of sales and then adjusting this estimate by the 1947 ratio of sales to gross output. Manufacturing: Data on manufacturer's sales and inventories for 1959 are shown in (21), pp. 6 and 9. Similar, but unpublished, data for 1947 can be obtained from the Office of Business Economics. These sales data, however, are not classified on an SIC basis so that adjustments were required. The 1947 OBE data show, separately, the sales of iron and steel, nonferrous metals, machinery, and miscellaneous durables. On an SIC basis these groups include the |