Cognitive Grammar: A Basic IntroductionOxford University Press, 2008 M02 4 - 584 páginas This book fills a long standing need for a basic introduction to Cognitive Grammar that is current, authoritative, comprehensive, and approachable. It presents a synthesis that draws together and refines the descriptive and theoretical notions developed in this framework over the course of three decades. In a unified manner, it accommodates both the conceptual and the social-interactive basis of linguistic structure, as well as the need for both functional explanation and explicit structural description. Starting with the fundamentals, essential aspects of the theory are systematically laid out with concrete illustrations and careful discussion of their rationale. Among the topics surveyed are conceptual semantics, grammatical classes, grammatical constructions, the lexicon-grammar continuum characterized as assemblies of symbolic structures (form-meaning pairings), and the usage-based account of productivity, restrictions, and well-formedness. The theory's central claim - that grammar is inherently meaningful - is thereby shown to be viable. The framework is further elucidated through application to nominal structure, clause structure, and complex sentences. These are examined in broad perspective, with exemplification from English and numerous other languages. In line with the theory's general principles, they are discussed not only in terms of their structural characterization, but also their conceptual value and functional motivation. Other matters explored include discourse, the temporal dimension of language structure, and what grammar reveals about cognitive processes and the construction of our mental world. |
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Página 19
... instance, tall tale represents an adjective + noun combination, bury the hatchet consists of a verb and its noun phrase object, while A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush is a full sentence. Rather than being syntactic atoms ...
... instance, tall tale represents an adjective + noun combination, bury the hatchet consists of a verb and its noun phrase object, while A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush is a full sentence. Rather than being syntactic atoms ...
Página 23
... instance, the bipolar schema defining the noun class can be written as [[THING]/[...]], where [THING] specifies that ... instances. Since grammatical rules are patterns in the formation of symbolically complex expressions, they are ...
... instance, the bipolar schema defining the noun class can be written as [[THING]/[...]], where [THING] specifies that ... instances. Since grammatical rules are patterns in the formation of symbolically complex expressions, they are ...
Página 24
... instance, Vc XP the Nb (where Vc is a verb of contact) would also subsume such patterns as kiss X on the cheek, grasp X by the wrist, chuck X under the chin, and grab X around the waist. These examples further show that the different ...
... instance, Vc XP the Nb (where Vc is a verb of contact) would also subsume such patterns as kiss X on the cheek, grasp X by the wrist, chuck X under the chin, and grab X around the waist. These examples further show that the different ...
Página 25
... instance, schemas can be posited representing what is common to the high front vowels of a language, the front vowels, or the vowels in general. Each schema characterizes a natural class of segments. Similarly, the schematic template ...
... instance, schemas can be posited representing what is common to the high front vowels of a language, the front vowels, or the vowels in general. Each schema characterizes a natural class of segments. Similarly, the schematic template ...
Página 26
... instance moonless, cordless, and toothless. These are permitted by clause (i), the N+less pattern by (ii), and their categorization as instances of the pattern by (iii). For moonless, we see this formulaically in (8)(a)–(c) ...
... instance moonless, cordless, and toothless. These are permitted by clause (i), the N+less pattern by (ii), and their categorization as instances of the pattern by (iii). For moonless, we see this formulaically in (8)(a)–(c) ...
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abstract actual adjective adverb anaphoric apprehended basic basis categorization characterization clausal clitic cognitive cognitive linguistics complement complex component structures composite structure conceptual content configuration constitute construal constructional schema construed contrast correspondence count noun definite article described diagram discourse distinct domain elaborate entity epistemic evoked example expression’s finite clause focal prominence focused function giraffe grammatical grounding element higher level identified immediate scope indicates instance instantiation interaction interpretation invoked jar lid Jill landmark language level of organization lexeme lexical items linguistic Luiseño mass noun meaning mental access mental space metonymic modifier morpheme nature notions object occur onstage particular path pattern pertain profiled relationship pronoun proposition prototype reference point reification relation relative clause represents respect role scanning schematic semantic sentence shown in figure simply single spatial speaker specific speech act status symbolic assemblies target temporal thing tion trajector units usage events verb