Berting.

the only Inftrument of Govern ment that Tutors generally know,

or ever think of, is the noft unfit of any to be us'd in Education, because it tends to both those Mischiefs; which, as we have fhewn, are the Scylla and Charybdis, which on the one Hand or the other ruin all that mifcarry.

9, 48. . This Kind of Punishment contributes not at all to the Maftery of our natural Propenfity to indulge corporal and prefent Pleafure, and to avoid Pain at any Rate, but rather encourages it, and thereby ftrengthens that in us, which is the Root, From whence fpring all vicious Actions, and the Irregularities of Life. For what other Motive, but of fenfual Pleafure and Pain, does a Child act by, who drudges at his Book against his Inclination, or abftains from eating unwholfome Fruit, that he takes Pleasure in, only out of Fear of Whipping? He in this only prefers the greater corporal Pleafure, or avoids the greater corporal Pain. And what is it, to govern his Actions, and direct his Conduct by fuch Motives as thefe? What is it, I fay, but to cherish that Principle in him, which it is our Business to root out, and deftroy? And therefore I cannot think any Correction ufeful to a Child, where the Shame of fuffering for having done amifs, does not work more upon him,. than the Pain.

§. 49.

. 49. 2. This Sort of Correction naturally breeds an Averfion to that, which 'tis the Tutor's Bufinefs to create a liking to.. How obvious is it to obferve, that Children come to hate Things which were at first acceptable to them, when they find themfelves whipp'd, and chid, and teas'd about them? And it is not to be wonder'd at in them, when grown Men would not be able to be reconcil'd to any Thing by fuch Ways. Who is there that would not be difgufted with any innocent Recreation, in it felf indifferent to him, if he fhould with Blows or ill Language be bal'd to it, when he had no Mind? Or be conftantly fo treated, for fome Circumftances in his Application to it? This is natural to be fo. Offenfive Circumftances ordinarily infect innocent Things, which they are join'd with; and the.very. Sight of a Cup, wherein any one ufes to take naufeous Phyfick, turns his Stomach; fo that nothing will relish well out of it, tho' the Cup be never fo clean and well-fhap'd, and of the richest Materials.

§. 50. 3. Such a Sort of flavish Difcipline, makes a flavish Temper. The Child fubmits, and diffembles Obedience, whilft the Fear of the Rod hangs over him; but when that is remov'd, and by being out of Sight, he can promise himfelf Impunity, he gives the greater Scope to his natural Inclination; which, by this Way, is not at all alter'd, but pu the contrary, heighten'd and increas'd in

him;

him; and after fuch Restraint, breaks out ufually with the more Violence; or.

$51. 4. If Severity carry'd to the higheft Pitch, does prevail, and works a Cure upon the prefent unruly Diftemper, it is often by bringing in the Room of it, a worse and more dangerous Difeafe, by breaking the Mind; and then, in the Place of a diforderly young Fellow, you have a low-fpirited moap'd Creature; who, however with his unnatural Sobriety he may please filly People, who commend tame unactive Children, because they make no Noife, nor give them any Trouble, yet, at laft, will probably prove as uncomfortable a Thing to his Friends, as he will be all his Life, an ufe lefs Thing to himself and others.

4

§. 52. Beating them, and all o Rewards. ther Sorts of flavish and corporal Punishments, are not the Dif cipline fit to be us'd in the Education of thofe we would have wife, good, and inge nious Men; and therefore very rarely to be apply'd, and that only in great. Occafions, and Cafes of Extremity. On the other Side to flatter Children by Rewards of Things that are pleasant to them, is as carefully to be avoided. He that will give to his Son Apples or Sugar-plumbs, or what elfe of this Kind he is moft delighted with, to make him learn his Book, does but authorize his Love of Pleasure, and cocker up that dangerous Propenfity, which he ought by all

Means

Means to fubdue and stifle in him. You can never hope to teach him to mafter it, whilft you compound for the Check you give his Inclination in one Place, by the Satisfaction you propofe to it in another. To make a good, a wife, and a vertuous Man, 'tis fit he fhould learn to crofs his Appetite, and deny his Inclination to Riches, Finery, or pleafing bis Palate, &c. whenever his Reafon advises the contrary, and his Duty requires it. But when you draw him to do any Thing that is fit by the Offer of Ma ney, or reward the Pains of learning his Book, by the Pleasure of a lufheous Morfel; when you promife him a Lace-Cravat, or a fine new Suit, upon Performance of fome of his little Tafks, what do you by propofing these as Rewards, but allow them to be the good Things he fhould aim at, and thereby encourage his Longing for em, and accuftom him to place his Happiness in them? Thus People, to prevail with Children to be induftrious about their Gram-mar, Dancing, or fome other fuch Matter, of no great Moment to the Happiness or Ufefulness of their Lives, by mifapply'd Rewards and Pimifhments, facrifice ther Vertue, invert the Order of their Education, and teach them Luxury, Pride, or Covetoufnefs, &c. For in this Way, flattering. thofe wrong Inclinations which they should reftrain and fupprefs, they lay the Foun dations of those future Vices, which cannot

be avoided, but by curbing our Defires, and accuftoming them early to fubmit to Reafon.

53. Lfay not this, that I would have Children kept from the Conveniences or Pleafures of Life, that are not injurious to their Health or Vertue. On the contrary, Iwould have their Lives made as pleasant, and as agreeable to them, as may be in a plentiful Enjoyment of whatfoever might innocently delight them; provided it be with this Caution, that they have thofe Enjoyments, only as the Confequences of the State of Efteem and Acceptation they are in with their Parents and Governors but + they should never be offer'd or bestow'd on them, as the Rewards of this or that particu lar Performance, that they fhew an Averfion to, or to which they would not have apply'd themfelves without that Temptation

ン

grant,

S.. 54. But if you take away the Rod on one Hand, and thefe little Encouragements, which they are taken with, on the other, how then (will you fay) fhall Children be govern'd? Remove Hope and Fear, and There is an End ofcall Difciplines that Good and Evil, Reward and Punishment, are the only Motives to a rational Crea ture: Thefe are the Spur and Reinsy where by all Mankind are fet on Work, and guid ed; and therefore they are to be made Ufe of to Children too. For I advise their Par rents and Governors always to carry this