can do no Good to Children; their Want of Judgment makes them ftand in need of ReItraint and Difcipline; and, on the contrary, Imperioufnefs and Severity, is but an ill Way of treating Men, who have Reafon of their own to guide them, unless you have a Mind to make your Children when grown up, weary of you, and fecretly to lay within themfelves, When will you die, Father?

§. 41. I imagine every one will judge it reasonable, that their Children, when little, fhould look upon their Parents as their Lords, their abfolute Governors, and as fuch stand in Awe of them, and that, when they come to riper Years, they fhould look on them as their beft, as their only fure Friends, and as fuch love and reverence them. The Way I have mention'd, if I mistake not, is the only one to obtain this. We mult look upon our Children, when grown up, to be like our felves, with the fame Pallions, the fame Defires. We would be thought rational Creatures, and have our Freedom; we love not to be uneafy under conftant Rebukes and Brow-beatings; nor can we bear fevere Humours, and great Diftance in those we converfe with. Whoever has fuch Treatment when he is a Man, will look out other Company, other Friends, other Converfation, with whom he can be at Eafe., If therefore a ftrict Hand be kept over Children from the Beginning, they will in that

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Age be tractable, and quietly fubmit to it, as never having known any other: And if, as they grow up to the Ufe of Reason, the Rigor of Government be, as they deserve it, gently relax'd, the Father's Brow more Imooth'd to them, and the Distance by Degrees abated, his former Reftraints will increafe their Love, when they find it was only a Kindness to them, and a Care to make them capable to deferve the Favour of their Parents, and the Efteem of every Body elfe.

§. 42. Thus much for the fettling your Authority over your Children in general. Fear and Awe ought to give you the first Power over their Minds, and Love and Friendship in riper Years to hold it: For the Time muft come, when they will be paft the Rod and Correction; and then, if the Love of you make them not obedient and dutiful, if the Love of Vertue and Reputation keep them not in laudable Courfes, I afk, What Hold will you have upon them, to turn them to it? Indeed Fear of having a fcanty Portion, if they difplease you, may make them Slaves to your Eftate, but they will be never the lefs ill and wicked in private; and that Reftraint will not laft always. Every Man muft fome Time or other be trufted to himself, and his own Conduct; and he that is a good, a vertuous and able Man, must be made fo within. And therefore, what he is to re

ceive from Education, what is to sway and influence his Life, must be fomething put into him betimes; Habits woven into the very Principles of his Nature, and not a counterfeit Carriage, and diffembl'd Outfide, put on by Fear, only to avoid the prefent Anger of a Father, who perhaps may dif inherit him.

§. 43. This being laid down in general, as the Course ought ments. Punish to be taken, 'tis fit we now come

to confider the Parts of the Difcipline tobe us'd, a little more particularly. I have fpoken fo much of carrying a frict Hand over Children, 'that perhaps I fhall be fufpected of not confidering enough, what is due to their tender Age and Conftitutions. But that Opinion will vanifh, when you have heard me a little farther: For I am very apt to think, that great Severity of Pu nifhment does but very little Good, nay, great Harm in Education; and I believe it will be found, that Cateris paribus, thofe Children who have, been moft chaftis'd, feldom make the best Men. All that I have hitherto contended for, is, that whatsoever Rigor is neceffary,it is more to be us'd, the younger Children are, and having by a due Application wrought its Effect, it is to be relax'd, and chang'd into a milder Sort of Government. 5. 44. A Compliance and Supplenefs of their Wills, being by Awe. a fteady Hand introduc'd by Pa

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rents, before Children have Memories to retain the Beginnings of it, will feem natural to them, and work afterwards in them, as if it were fo, preventing all Occafions of Atruggling or repining. The only Care is, that it be begun early, and inflexibly kept to, 'till Awe and Refpect be grown familiar, and there appears not the least Reluctancy in the Submiffion, and ready Obedience of their Minds. When this Reverence is once thus eftablifh'd, (which it must be early, or else it will coft Pains and Blows to recover it, and the more, the longer it is deferr'd) 'tis by it mix'd ftill with as much Indulgence as they make not an ill Use of, and not by Beating, Chiding, or other fervile Punishments, they are for the future to be govern'd as they grow up to more Understanding.

Self-deni

al.

6. 45. That this is fo, will be eafily allow'd, when it is but confider'd, what is to be aim'd at in an ingenious Education, and upon what it turns.

1. He that has not a Mastery over his Inclinations, he that knows not how to refift the Importunity of prefent Pleafure or Pain, for the Sake of what Reafon tells him is fit to be done, wants the true Principle of Vertue and Industry, and is in Danger never to be good for any Thing. This Temper therefore, fo contrary to unguided Nature, is to be got betimes; and this Habit, as

the

the true Foundation of future Ability and Happiness, is to be wrought into the Mind, as early as may be, even from the firft Dawnings of any Knowledge, or Apprehenfion in Children, and fo to be confirm'd in them, by all the Care and Ways imaginable, by thofe who have the Overfight of their Education

§. 46. 2. On the other Side, if

the Mind be curb'd, and bumbl'd Dejected. too much in Children; if their

Spirits be abas'd and broken much, by too ftrict an Hand over them, they lofe all their Vigor and Induftry, and are in a worse State than the former. For extravagant young Fellows, that have Livelinefs and Spirit, come fometimes to be fet right, and fo make able and great Men; but dejected Minds, timorous and tame, and low Spirits, are hardly ever to be rais'd, and very feldom attain to any Thing. To avoid the Danger that is on either Hand, is the great Art, and he that has found a Way how to keep up a Child's Spirit easy, active, and free, and yet, at the fame Time, to restrain him from many Things he has a Mind to, and to draw him to Things that are uneafy to him; he, I fay, that knows how to reconcile these feeming Contradictions, has, in my Opinion, got the true Secret of Edu

cation.

§. 47. The ufual, lazy, and fhort Way by Chaftifement, and the Rod, which is