Tiecessary that a man should begin life with a broad basis of interest in many things which may cultivate his faculties and develope his nature. This multifariousness of pursuit is needed also in the education of the poor. Civilization has made it easy for a man to brutalize himself: how is this to be counteracted but by endowing him with many pursuits which may distract him from vice? It is not that kind of education which leads to no employment in after life, that will do battle with vice. But when education enlarges the field of life-long good pursuits, it becomes formidable to the soul's worst enemies.'—pp. 128-131.

Moral education is but lightly touched on; physical education at more length, in a good spirit

, but without novelty. The • Education of Women' contains excellent matter; we have space only for the following, which is both new and true:

There is a branch of general education which is not thought at all necessary for women; as regards which, indeed, it is well if they are not brought up to cultivate the opposite. Women are not taught to be courageous. Indeed, to some persons courage may seem as unnecessary for women as Latin and Greek. Yet there are few things that would tend to make women happier in themselves, and more acceptable to those with whom they live, than courage. There are many women of the present day, sensible women in other things, whose panic terrors are a frequent source of discomfort to themselves and those around them. Now, it is a great mistake to imagine that hardness must go with courage; and that the bloom of gentleness and sympathy must all be rubbed off by that vigour of mind which gives presence of mind, enables a person to be useful in peril, and makes the desire to assist overcome that sickliness of sensibility which can only contemplate distress and difficulty. So far from courage being unfeminine, there is a peculiar grace and dignity in those beings who have little active power of attack or defence, passing through danger with a moral courage which is equal to that of the strongest. We see this in great things. We perfectly appreciate the sweet and noble dignity of an Anne Bullen, a Mary Queen of Scots, or a Marie Antoinette. We see that it is grand for these delicately bred, highnurtured, helpless personages to meet Death with a silence and a confidence like his own. But there would be a similar dignity in women's bearing small terrors with fortitude. There is no beauty in fear. It is a mean, ugly, dishevelled creature. No statue can be made of it that a woman would wish to see herself like.

* Women are pre-eminent in steady endurance of tiresome suffering: they need not be far behind men in a becoming courage to meet that which is sudden and sharp. The dangers and the troubles, too, which we may venture to say they now start at unreasonably, are many of them mere creatures of the imagination-such as, in their way, disturb high-mettled animals brought up to see too little, and therefore frightened at any leaf blown across the road.'—pp. 146–148.

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In the succeeding essay on · Unreasonable Claims in Social Affections and Relations, there are some opportune remarks ; but on the whole we prefer the analogous essay he formerly gave us ;* and since we have referred to it, we must quote his fine reflection on gratitude which he has there made :

• A little thought will sometimes prevent you from being discontented at not meeting with the gratitude which you have expected. If you were only to measure your expectations of gratitude by the extent of benevolence which you have expended, you would seldom have occasion to call people ungrateful. But many persons are in the habit of giving such a factitious value to any services which they may render, that there is but little chance of their being contented with what they are likely to get in return, which, however, may be quite as much as they deserve.' Here is something noteworthy on Friendship:

Then, as to the complaints about broken friendship. Friendship is often outgrown: and his former child's clothes will no more fit a man than some of his former friendships. Often a breach of friendship is supposed to occur, when there is nothing of the kind. People see one another seldom; their courses in life are different; they meet, and their intercourse is constrained. They fancy that their friendship is mightily cooled. But imagine the dearest friends, one coming home after long sojourn, the other going out to new lands: the ships that carry these meet: the friends talk together in a confused way not relevant at all to their friendship, and, if not well assured of their mutual regard, might naturally fancy that it was much abated. Something like this occurs daily in the stream of the world. Then, too, unless people are very unreasonable, they cannot expect that their friends will pass into new systems of thought and action without new ties of all kinds being created, and some modification of the old ones taking place.'--p. 169.

The essay on ‘Public Improvements’ is excellent; but we have only room for the following passage :

• What then are a nation's possessions? The great words that have been said in it; the great deeds that have been done in it; the great buildings, and the great works of art, that have been made in it. A man says a noble saying: it is a possession, first to his own race, then to mankind. A people get a noble building built for them: it is an honour to them, also a daily delight and instruction. It perishes. The remembrance of it is still a possession. If it was indeed pre-eminent, there will be more pleasure in thinking of it, than in being with others of inferior order and design.'-p. 183.

An essay on History' concludes the volume; it is far from exhausting the subject, but should be read and re-read attentively. It would lead us too far to touch upon its opinions.

Essays Written during the Intervals of Business. 3rd edit. p. 8.

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We have thus taken a cursory survey of the whole volume, and the extracts quoted will render unnecessary any eulogy on its general merits. A more pleasant book we have seldom read. But one parting remark on the style may not be misplaced, when it is considered how careful and accomplished a writer we have to criticise. In one respect we perceive a falling off, as it strikes us, in the style of this book from the sustained excellence of the • Essays written during the Intervals of Business:' we allude to the curtness, sometimes crabbedness, of occasional passages, where the sentences are so short and abrupt as to sound asthmatical. Concision is, doubtless, a great merit. Periods should be so constructed as not to need superfluous words to render them sonorous. But a concise writer is apt to become crabbed; and our author has occasionally sacrificed elegance and euphony to an unimpressive brevity; a fault certainly not discoverable in his other writings. We call his attention to the point, that he may reconsider it. He will understand our objection as springing ont of the very respect we feel for his qualities as a writer-not as the idle carping of one desirous of finding fault.

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Art. VI.—The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury.

Now first Collected and Edited by Sir WILLIAM MOLESWORTH,

Bart. 11 vols. Longman and Co. Thomæ Hobbes, Malmesburiensis, Opera Philosophica, que latine

scripsit omnia. In unum corpus nunc primum collecta, studio et labore GulielMI MOLESWORTH. 5 tom. Apud Longman

et Soc. AMONG the pleasures of an author, who has sufficient vanity to think that his works will live, and yet never become common, we have no doubt that the anticipation of a complete edition, printed in elegant type, and enriched with copious notes, is one that affords peculiar gratification. In past days, when there were fewer readers, and the press was slower in its operations, a sort of foreknowledge of the advancement of society must have given great vividness to the dream of posthumous renown.

Nevertheless, when the author is no more, and his visions are realized, there is, in some cases, good reason for the inquiry, why they were not allowed to remain a shadow? Why he has been reanimated and brought again under the notice of the public? Is he introduced to us afresh, merely on the score of individual taste, or is there a large sympathy ready to welcome him, owing to the profound interest which he has inspired on the great questions of human existence? Is he a writer who was overrated or ill-appreciated while living, and from whose fame posterity is, in the one case, to make the necessary deduction; in the other, to award him ample vindication? And further, among those who own his power and do homage to his genius, is the main bond which unites them to him, that full cordiality of head and heart which makes them one with his principles; or, amidst the confession of his intellectual pre-eminence, does he revolt the better feelings of his readers, and lead them to look upon his doctrines with considerable detestation ? If he wrote on topics of permanent interest, did he, or did he not, take those broad views of mankind, which, rising above the changes of an age, are new in substance whenever quoted, and are applicable to all generations ?

These are some of the questions which we have asked, while musing over the goodly volumes before us; and the most of them will necessarily receive an answer in the course of the present article.

With regard to the censures so freely thrown on Sir W. Molesworth, for becoming the editor of Hobbes, we may be allowed to express our regret that the tone of several of them is anything but Protestant; evincing little confidence in the best of causes, and much more fit for an assembly engaged in the formation of an Index Expurgatorius, than for men having comprehensive views of literature, liberty, and truth.

The motives which prompted the honourable baronet to engage in this work, are partly detailed in the dedication to George Grote, Esq., M.P. for the City of London.

I am indebted,' says he, - to you for my first acquaintance . with the speculations of one of the greatest and most original * thinkers in the English language. It gives me great satisfac• tion to gratify a wish you have frequently expressed, that some person, who had time and due reverence for that illustrious man, would undertake to edit his works, and bring his views again • before his countrymen, who have so long and so unjustly neglected him.'

We cannot suppose that either Mr. Grote or Sir W. Molesworth admires the political principles of the Leviathan, and we should be sorry to think that its moral principles were more to their taste.

We are, indeed, informed that both the editor and his friend regard the publication of this edition not only as an act of justice to the memory of Hobbes, but also to his · Views;' which, having been culpably neglected by his countrymen, are now,

under the patronage of two members of a British House of Commons,

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submitted to us for re-consideration. This is, we confess, somewhat ominous; but, at the same time, we are willing to ascribe it to a philosophical temper, and to their stern sense of literary equity. A wide range of reading in moral and political science

A befits the legislative function, and no reverence that is due to Hobbes, is likely to diminish any man's respect for the English constitution. And when we take into account the relation which the original publication of his works bore to the progress of speculative philosophy, and the clearness, energy, and systematic perfection with which his views were explained, instead of consigning the hoary sceptic to oblivion, or being satisfied for him to exist in fragments, we prefer that he should be viewed as a whole; and have, as far as his genius is concerned, a monument worthy of himself, erected in every sanctuary of learning throughout the civilized world.

We are by no means insensible to the danger which threatens minds of a peculiar cast, if they take part in this work; or, if they pay homage exclusively at the shrine of one author, whose assaults on all truth and piety they unhappily mistake for assaults on superstition, and, regarding the obloquy he has met with as a part of his fame, are prepared to bestow on him a philosophic deification. But this is an evil incident to the votaries of fiction and

poetry, as well as to the worshippers of other divinities. It is impossible to prevent prejudice and one-sidedness in the formation of opinions; and if, while the temple of Truth is visible, and its spacious courts stand open, we find one and another turning aside to lies, no effectual remedy for this evil can be found in shutting up every sanctuary but the true. It would be genuine Hobbism to do so. It would be taking upon ourselves the precise office which it confers on Leviathan, though wherever possessed it must be useless, as false keys would easily be obtained to unlock the recesses of those impure gods, who, until public sentiment be cleansed, will ever find a Pantheon to receive them, and priests to burn incense on their altars.

Believing, therefore, that nothing is more pernicious than the suppression of thought, we have not the least sympathy with those who would commit all sceptical works to the flames. It is an article of our faith, that truth and goodness are immortal; that they are the end of the universe, and that all evil and evil agents are their unconscious ministers.

We look at the latter, therefore, without alarm for the ultimate interests of man, and are prepared to register their history and deeds. These are all that remain to us of other scenes and other days that have for ever vanished from the theatre of time. In so doing, we have, in the present instance, no lack of informa