narcotic; effects of small and large quantities of alcohol; Professor Hodge's experiment on dogs, as to the effects of moderate amount of alcohol in relation to, (a) activity, (b) skill and endurance, (c) nervousness, (d) offspring of the dogs, (e) resistance to disease; effect of alcohol on human beings in relation to, (a) mental activity, (b) muscular activity, (c) manual dexterity, (d) resistance to disease; alcohol and life insurance; business arguments for total abstinence; cost of intemperance. 5. Tobacco: effects, (a) on growth, (b) on mental development; tobacco and athletics. 6. Drugs and patent medicines: opium (morphine, laudanum, paregoric); acetanilid; dangers in the use of patent medicines; pure food and drug law. E. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION. 1. General survey of the digestive system: necessity for digestion; parts of the alimentary canal; digestive glands. 2. Mouth cavity: walls of the mouth cavity; structure and functions of the tongue. 3. Teeth: arrangement, kinds, number of each kind, functions; milk teeth; structure and care of teeth. 4. Saliva and its functions: experimental proof of the digestion of starch by saliva; position and action of salivary glands; uses of saliva. 5. (Optional.) Throat cavity and gullet: structure; functions. 6. Stomach: position, size, shape; lining of stomach and gastric glands; muscles of stomach; digestion in the stomach. 7. Small intestine: position, form, size; (optional) peritoneum ; digestion in the small intestine. 8. (Optional.) Large intestine: position, form, size; vermiform appendix. 9. Absorption from the alimentary canal: necessity for absorption; absorption in mouth, throat, gullet, and stomach; absorption in the small and large intestine. 10. (Optional.) Liver: position, form, size; functions of the liver; functions of the bile. 11. Hygiene of digestion: hygienic habits of eating; prevention of disease; the use of water as a drink; effect of alcoholic drinks on the organs of digestion. F. CIRCULATION OF THE NUTRIENTS. 1. Blood: structure of corpuscles; composition of plasma; hygiene of plasma. 2. Circulation: definition; necessity for; organs of circulation, definition of each. 3. Heart: position, size, shape; chambers, position and structure of each; valves; action of heart. 4. Blood vessels: position and structure of arteries; variations in pulse rate; valves in arteries; position, importance, and structure of capillaries: position and structure of veins. 5. Course of the blood through the body: changes in the composition of the blood. 6. Hygiene of the circulation: effect of exercise on the heart and blood vessels; stopping of blood flow in wounds. G. RESPIRATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN MAN. 1. Necessity for respiration: proofs of oxidation in the human body; examples of energy in the human body; transformations of energy; respiration in plants, in animals, and in man. 2. Adaptations for securing oxygen and for excreting carbon dioxid: course taken by the air; nose cavity; throat and larynx; lining of the air passages; the lungs, their structure and blood supply; function of red corpuscles; change in color of blood after mixing with oxygen; hygiene of red corpuscles. 3. The process of breathing: structure of the chest cavity; (optional) pleura; enlargement of chest cavity; how air is taken into the lungs; breathing capacity of lungs; expiration. 4. Hygiene of respiratory organs: hygienic habits of breathing; effect of exercise on respiration; effect of tight clothing upon respiration; diseases of respiratory organs; suffocation; necessity of ventilation; methods of ventilation. H. (Optional.) ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN HUMAN BIOLOGY. 1. The skin characteristics; uses; layers; glands; importance of bathing; kinds of baths; care of the hair; care of the nails; treatment of burns; clothing; effect of alcohol on body temperature. 2. The skeleton: necessity for the skeleton; skeleton of the neck and trunk; skeleton of the arms and legs; skeleton of the head; joints; food and the skeleton; effect of pressure on the bones; fractures; dislocations; sprains. 3. The muscles: importance of muscle tissue; kinds of muscle; conditions necessary for healthy muscles (food, fresh air, exercise, rest); relation of muscles to posture. 4. The nervous system: the body as a collection of organs; coöperation of the organs; functions of the nervous system; parts of the nervous system; cellular structure of the nervous system; nerve impulses; reflex, conscious, and habitual activities; importance of habit; conditions necessary for a healthy nervous system (food, fresh air, varied activity, rest); effect of alcohol on the nervous system. 5. The eyes: protection for the eyes; structure of the eye; the eye as a camera; sensations of sight; defective eyes; hygiene of the eyes. 6. The ears: the external ear; the middle ear; sensations of sound. I. (Optional.) THE LIVES AND WORKS OF GREAT BIOLOGISTS. 1. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture. Edited by L. H. Bailey. 4 vols.-The Macmillan Co., N. Y. City. $20 net. Vol. I, Farms; Vol. II, Crops; Vol. III, Animals; Vol. IV, The Farm and the Community. We do not hesitate to say that Vols. II and III of this series are the most valuable books of reference known to us for teachers or students in plant and animal biology. Experts on the many subjects treated have epitomized in a readable form a vast amount of information which could only be found by patient search through many volumes. If schools cannot purchase these books, teachers might well urge that they be put on the shelves of the public library, for all four volumes will be found of great value as books of general reference, especially in rural communities. 2. Nature Study and Life, by Dr. C. F. Hodge.-Ginn and Co. $1.20. Contains many suggestions for the teaching of both plant and animal biology. 3. General Biology, by Sedgwick and Wilson.-Henry Holt and Co. $1.75. While mainly devoted to a consideration of the earthworm and the fern (both optional topics), this book will give teachers a clear idea of the biology of a plant and of an animal, and of the composition and characteristics of protoplasm. It also contains an admirable account of yeast, bacteria, Amoeba, and Paramecium. 4. Teaching of Biology, by Lloyd and Bigelow. - Longmans, Green and Co. $1.50. Deals largely with methods of teaching nature study, botany, zoology, and human physiology. PLANT BIOLOGY 5. Practical Botany, by Bergen and Caldwell.-Ginn and Co. $1.30. 6. College Botany, by G. F. Atkinson. - Henry Holt and Co. $1.50. 7. Readers in Botany, by Jane C. Newell.-Ginn and Co. 2 vols. $.60 each. 8. How to know the Wild Flowers, by Mrs. William Starr Dana. -The Macmillan Co. $1.50. 9. How to know the Fruits, by Maude G. Peterson. Macmillan Co. $1.50. 10. Tree Book, by Julia E. Rogers. Doubleday, Page and Co. $4. 11. Primer of Forestry. Vols. I and II. Gifford Pinchot. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 12. New Creations in Plant Life, by W. S. Harwood.—The Macmillan Co. $1.75. 13. Bacteria, Yeast, and Moulds in the Home, by H. W. Conn.Ginn and Co. $1. The 14. Farmers' Bulletins, which can be obtained free by applying to the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. various Bulletins contain many important facts relating to both animals and plants. ANIMAL BIOLOGY 15. Animal Life, by Jordan and Kellogg.-Appleton. $1.20. 16. General Zoology, by Linville and Kelly.-Ginn and Co. $1.50. 17. American Natural History (vertebrates only), by W. T. Hornaday. $3.50. 18. Our Vanishing Wild Life, by W. T. Hornaday.-Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50. 19. Insect Book, by L. O. Howard.— Doubleday, Page and Co. $3. 20. Manual of Insects, by Comstock.-Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N.Y. $3.75. 21. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden, and Orchard, by E. D. Sanderson.- John Wiley. $3. |