the influence of Maupassant that he wrote his own very American and very original series of stories called "Short Sixes".

It may seem like a paradox to say that the influence of a comic journal depends to a certain extent upon its not being exclusively comic. On occasion "Punch" can be nobly serious, as it was when it printed Hood's "Song of the Shirt" and Tom Taylor's apologetic verses on the death of Abraham Lincoln. Bunner never liked to have "Puck" considered as merely a funny paper. His own memorial verses-on Grant and on Longfellow, for example-were dignified and lofty. And when Cleveland issued his message on the tariff, warning us that we were confronted by a condition and not by a theory, Bunner began a series of editorial articles which revealed a new aspect of his ability. He expounded the principles of protection and free trade with the utmost lucidity and with a total absence of heat.

Bunner was the editor of "Puck" for nearly twenty years, during which the paper steadily expanded its circulation and its influence. Keppler died in 1894 and Bunner followed him in 1896, leaving Schwarzmann alone to

carry on the paper. But "Puck" had depended largely upon individuals, upon Keppler and Bunner first of all, and then upon more or less casual contributors. It was edited at one time by Harry Leon Wilson and at another by John Kendrick Bangs. But there was no permanent staff, no loyal organization, no solidarity, like that which has kept alive the traditions of "Punch" for three generations. And when Schwarzmann died in his turn, the torch flickered and soon went out. There was nothing left but a nameonly an empty shell. The paper changed owners two or three times, passing at last into hands so unworthy that its old friends were not sorry to learn that it had ceased publication.

Although "Puck" is no more, "Judge", which was started as its political rival, still survives and still prints its cartoons in color, although they are not now lithographed as Keppler's were for many years. And although "Life" has hereafter to do the best it can without the fostering care of its founder, his associates seem to have imparted his genial ideals and the paper bids fair to round out a career that may be as long as that of "Punch".

I. PRINCETON

On the first day of October at twelve o'clock noon, the newly inducted members of our Princeton Students' Army Training Corps were drawn up in hollow square formation around the historic cannon of the campus; and with right hand uplifted they swore allegiance to the flag of our country and the great cause for which it now stands. At the same hour in some four hundred colleges and universities of the land a similar ceremony took place. It represents the contribution of the educational forces of our country toward the speedy winning of the

war.

The place where the ceremony occurred has a particular interest to all of the sons of Princeton. The cannon about which these young men stood was used in the Battle of Princeton in the War of the Revolution, and the place itself, immediately at the rear of Nassau Hall, was held by the soldiers of the Continental Army as they fired upon Nassau Hall, in which building the British troops had taken refuge. The final act of the Battle of Princeton was the driving out of the British troops from Nassau Hall. Almost a century and a half later these young men take their stand to dedicate themselves to a cause in which they find the old British foes their brothers and allies in the world's struggle for justice and liberty. As they took the oath of allegiance it seemed to me that the ceremony became sacramental. Before this body

of young men there is the way not only of service but of sacrifice. They themselves feel the seriousness of these days of preparation, and they are giving themselves to their tasks with a spirit of enthusiasm and earnestness which is possible only for those who have their country's call in their hearts and the vigor and courage of youth in their blood.

The War Department has asked the colleges and universities of our country to cooperate with them in furnishing to the nation at this time as rapidly and as efficiently as possible a body of young men fit to fight and worthy of the traditions of the American people. We have felt it a rare privilege at Princeton to be able to respond to the government's call and to place at the disposal of the War Department all the resources and equipment of the university, in carrying out an educational program which seeks at once to train men for their duty in war and at the same time to enable them to lose as little as possible of the mental drill and discipline which they ought to receive during those formative years-devoted in the past exclusively to academic studies.

Therefore, Princeton has become wholly what it has been to a large extent since the day after the dismissal of the German Ambassador-a war camp and school. It has always been the tradition of Princeton that it is our highest privilege to train men for the service of the state, for the promotion of civilization in times of

peace and for the preservation and protection of our nation in times of war. We are beginning the new college year under conditions probably without precedent in the history of education. The old-time free life of our campus, with its characteristic customs and traditions, will give place to the rigor of military control and discipline. Our dormitories have been turned into barracks, the upperclass clubs have been closed, and our undergraduates instead of taking their meals in the clubs and boardinghouses are now gathered together in a common mess in the university dining halls.

While the military discipline and instruction of these young men have been made prominent and primary in our program of studies, nevertheless there has been reserved by the War Department a sufficient time for the pursuit of certain academic courses as well, which will give our students that intellectual development and resourcefulness so essential to the equipment of the young officers of our army and navy. The body of our students has been divided into three groups: those who were twenty years of age or over on the twelfth of September, the date of registration, will be called into service the first of January; those nineteen years of age at the same date will be called April the first, and the eighteen-year-old men about the first of July. The War Department requires all of the colleges to give instruction, for twelve weeks out of the three periods into which the academic year is divided, in purely military studies. For the men who go out in January we will give this schedule of military studies and nothing else, concentrating all of our efforts upon the intensive preparation of these men for active service. Those who leave Those who leave

in April naturally will have twelve weeks of academic studies as well, and those who are called to service in July will have twenty-four weeks of academic studies. Each group, however, must finish the military program before leaving. This military program running for twelve weeks consists of four courses-a course in military law and practice, one in hygiene and sanitation, one in surveying, mapmaking and map-reading and general topography, and finally a course designated as the course on the issues of the war, which is to cover a discussion on the remote and immediate causes of the war and on the underlying conflict of points of view as expressed in the governments, philosophies and literatures of the various states on both sides of the struggle. The purpose of this course is to enhance the morale of the members of the corps by giving them an understanding of what the war is about and of the supreme importance to civiliza tion of the cause for which we are fighting. This course is to be given three hours a week as are the others, and is to be conducted by the members of our faculty in the departments of history, government, economics, philosophy and modern literature. In connection with this course there is to be also under the supervision of the English department a drill in English composition. The written work is to be connected with the subject-matter of the course as given in the lectures and recitations, with the double purpose of giving the men training in English composition and at the same time of making them think out more carefully the problems which have been suggested in the course on the issues of the war.

In addition to the Students' Army Training Corps, which is under the

command of Colonel J. A. Pearson, there has been established here in Princeton a Naval Training Unit under command of Admiral C. F. Goodrich. The naval program is of much the same nature as the military, with the exception that special emphasis is placed upon the main naval course in navigation.

While the Army and Naval Units form the main body of our undergraduates, there is a small group of young men upon our campus who are not privileged to enlist in either corps, some for one reason and others for another, but in all cases, I am sure, for good and sufficient reasons. Most if not all of these young men so situated have offered themselved for war service but have been refused. Theirs is not an easy task, and they are pursuing their studies here because they feel it is their duty to prepare themselves as adequately as possible to serve their country, if not in arms, at least in the line of their obligation and opportunity. All of us who have passed beyond the draft age can fully appreciate the burden which these young men are carrying, urged by a strong desire to enter the war service and yet not permitted to do so. We of the older generation carry constantly the same burden, and therefore we feel that these young men should be regarded always with a sympathetic understanding and appreciation of their situation and of their noble endeavor to conduct themselves as true patriots under such trying circumstances.

During the last year and a half we have also had associated with the university the School of Military Aeronautics in which young men from all parts of our country have been sent to prepare themselves for the service of the air. This school is under the in

direct supervision and control of the university. We have also offered the hospitality of our Graduate College buildings to the Navy Department, and there has been established there at the beginning of this academic year a Naval Training School for Paymasters. The university, however, has no responsibility for the conduct of the school, as this is wholly in the hands of the Navy Department.

With our own undergraduates and these adjuncts of our military and naval life we will have in and about our campus during the year some 2,300 young men wearing the uniforms of the Army or Navy of the United States.

All who are entering Princeton at this time for war service under the age of twenty-one belong to the new army of the draft. By their entrance here or to any of the colleges or universities of our country these young men are not exempted in any sense from the draft itself, but they will be called from their studies in the various educational centers at the same time when the men of their own age may be called generally throughout the country. Our undergraduates at Princeton this year, therefore, will have no privilege of exemption, but the privilege merely of fitting themselves to be of special service in the organization of the drafted army. Everyone who is a member of this army should regard it as a great and peculiar honor, for the call of duty always invests with honor the one who responds to it gladly. Every drafted man is in a very true sense a volunteer soldier if his response to the call is willing, eager and whole-hearted. The spirit of loyal service, the will to win and to endure every hardship and suffer every sacrifice in order to winthis lends a double value to obedience.

If all the men entering this army of the draft are imbued with such a spirit the end is already assured-the complete triumph of our arms and the permanent peace of the world. I have great confidence that the college men of our country will receive in the next few months such a training of mind and heart that they may point their comrades to the goal and lead the way.

While emphasizing the need of preparedness for war we have not forgotten also the corresponding need of preparedness for peace, and we are consequently bringing to the attention of our students who are facing the possibilities of direct and immediate war service the fact that they owe a duty to their country to prepare themselves in every possible way for the obligations of citizenship when the day of peace shall come.

The young

men of our land who have had the advantage of a college course, however brief that course may have been, owing to the interruption of the war, have resting upon them a peculiar responsibility to make the country for which their comrades have died a land in which a nobler standard of thought and action shall prevail. The future is in the keeping of the coming generation and the colleges of our country have indeed the rare privilege of giving power and direction to the thought of those who are in their day to be the leaders of men in the building of a new people and a new world.

II. CORNELL

About 550 American colleges and universities are now (in October of 1918) submitting themselves to a transformation which is without precedent in their experience. Under the stress of war, they are bending their

energies to the single task of training hundreds of thousands of young men for service in the army and navy as officers or technicians. At the government's summons they have, within a few weeks, remodeled their departments of instruction, reorganized their staffs, revised their courses of study, and adopted a prescribed academic calendar and a dictated daily program. Changes that in normal times would have required months or years of debate in faculties and boards of trustees have been made instantly and without discussion-in response to letters or telegrams from Washington.

Two events have effected this change, namely, the extension of the draft to include virtually all the men of college age, and the coincident establishment by the War Department of the Students' Army Training Corps. This corps, of which the commencement assemblies last June heard only a rumor, is in October the one absorbing subject of conversation and deliberation in the colleges. The initials "S. A. T. C." are on the tongues of teachers and students every waking hour of every day.

The extension of the Selective Service Law to include men of eighteen, nineteen and twenty years of age would almost have emptied the colleges of students; the establishment of the S. A. T. C. enables the colleges to utilize their personal and physical equipment in the training of their students for military service. The new order of things does not help them to maintain their regular work. On the contrary, it interferes with and, in many instances, wholly displaces the old order. But the curriculum of the new training corps provides employment for many of the teaching staff and gives the college the means of pre