 | United States. Supreme Court, John Chandler Bancroft Davis, Henry Putzel, Henry C. Lind, Frank D. Wagner - 1964 - 972 páginas
...concededly the basic aim of legislative apportionment, we conclude that the Equal Protection Clause guarantees the opportunity for equal participation...such as race, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483, or economic status, Griffin v. Illinois, 351 US 12, Douglas v. California, 372 US 353. Our constitutional... | |
 | United States. Supreme Court, John Chandler Bancroft Davis, Henry Putzel, Henry C. Lind, Frank D. Wagner - 1964 - 980 páginas
...concededly the basic aim of legislative apportionment, we conclude that the Equal Protection Clause guarantees the opportunity for equal participation...such as race, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483, or economic status, Griffin v. Illinois, 351 US 12, Douglas v. California, 372 US 353. Our constitutional... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary - 1968 - 1430 páginas
...In a recent searching re-examination of the Equal Protection Clause, we held, as already noted, that "the opportunity for equal participation by all voters in the election of state legislators" is required.8 Reynolds v. Sims, supra, at 566. We decline to qualify that principle by sustaining this... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary - 1968 - 1332 páginas
...In a recent searching re-examination of the Equal Protection Clause, we held, as already noted, that "the opportunity for equal participation by all voters in the election of state legislators" is required.8 Reynolds \. Sims, supra, at 566. We decline to qualify that principle by sustaining this... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Judiciary - 1968 - 1834 páginas
...In a recent searching re-examination of the Equal Protection Clause, we held, as already noted, that "the opportunity for equal participation by all voters in the election of state legislators" is required.8 Reynolds v. Sims, supra, at 566. We decline to qualify that principle by sustaining this... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity - 1970 - 746 páginas
...Justify unequal districting on the basis of various geographic factors, the court declared: "Oiluting the weight of votes because of place of residence...impairs basic constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amend, ment Just as much as invidious discriminations based upon factors such as race [citation] or... | |
 | United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity - 1971 - 892 páginas
...attempts to Justify unequal districting on the basis of various geographic factors, the court declared: "Diluting the weight of votes because of place of...invidious discriminations based upon factors such as race [citation] or economic statua, Orlffln v. Illinois, 351 US 12, Douglas v. California, 372 US 353. .... | |
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Since the achieving of fair and effective representation for all citizens is concededly the basic aim of legislative apportionment, we conclude that the Equal Protection Clause guarantees the opportunity for equal participation by all voters in the election... 
