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they prefer any thing to reform.-Let us hope, however, that the Freeholders of Essex will reflect a little upon their situation; that they will feel the deep shame of having been so long made the tools of interested factions; and that they will, at last, act as becomes men sensible of their rights and alive to the interests and honour of their country. They will, at the next election, have an opportunity of doing this; and, if they neglect it, the fault will be their own.

WM. COBBETT. State Prison, Newgate. Friday, 11th October, 1811.

P. S. A Correspondent asks me, where I have read of the use of Horse Chesnuts as food for Merino Sheep. I stated, in my Preface to Mr. Livingstone's Book (to which Preface my Correspondent refers) that I had read of it in Lasteyrie's History of the Introduction of the Merinos into the different States of Europe; and, if my correspondent cannot come at the French, he will find a Translation of that very useful and interesting work at Mr. Harding's in St. James's Street, and at page 156 he will find the passage that I particularly allude to. I beg him to excuse me for not answering his question sooner. mislaid his letter.

KING LAMBERT.

I had

ment, I constitute my individual self the sole proprietor of the above-mentioned islands, grounding my right and claim on the rational and sure principles of absolute occupancy, and as such, holding and possessing all the rights, tiles and imimunities properly belonging to proprietors by the usage of nations.

In consequence of this right and title by me thus assumed and established, I do further declare, that the said islands shall for the future be denominated the islands of Refreshments, the great island bearing that name in particular, and the landing place on the north side, a little to the east of the Cascade, to be called Reception, and which shall be the place of my residence. The isle formerly called Inaccessible shall henceforward be called Pinterd Island, and that known by the name of Nightingale Island, shall now be called Lovell Island.

And I do further declare, that the cause of the said act set forth in this instrument, originated in the desire and determination of preparing for myself and family a home where I can enjoy life without the embarrassments which have hitherto constantly attended me, and procure for us an interest and property, by means of which a competency may be ever secured, and remain, if posssible, far removed beyond the reach of chicanery and ordinary misfortune. -For the above purpose I intend paying the strictest attention to husbandry, presuming when it is known in the world that

The following account of the establishment of refreshments may be obtained at my resi

Ame-dence, all vessels of whatever description, and belonging to whatever nation, will visit me for that purpose, and by a fair and open traffic, supply themselves with those articles of which they may be in need. And I do hereby invite all those who may want refreshments to call at Reception, where by laying by opposite to the Cascade, they will be immediately visited by a boat from the shore, and speedily sup plied with such things as the Islands may produce, at a reasonable price. And be it

a New Kingdom is taken from the rican Newspapers of July, 1811. Know all men by these presents that I, Jonathan Lambert, late of Salem, in the state of Massachusetts, United States of America, mariner, and citizen thereof, have this 4th day of February, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and eleven, taken absolute possession of the islands of Tristan de Cunha, so called, viz. the great island, and the other two known by the name of Inaccessible and Nightingale islands solely for myself and my heirs for ever with the right of conveying the whole, or any part thereof, to one or more persons, by deed or sale, free gift, or otherwise, as I or they (my heirs) may hereafter think fitter or proper. -And as no European, or other power whatever, has hitherto publicly claimed the said islands by right of discovery, or act of possession, therefore be it known to all nations, tongues, and languages, that from and after the date of this public instru

further known, that by virtue of the aforesaid right, and authority above mentioned, I have adopted a flag* which shall

*This flag is formed of five diamonds, transversely from corner to corner, and four half diamonds, placed on the center of the top, bottom and both sides. The two upper and two lower diamonds are blue next the staff or halyard, and red on the uppermost side; the centre white, the four half diamonds bear the letter W.

for ever be the known and acknowledged standard flag of these islands. And that a white flag shall be known, and considered as the common flag for any vessel or vessels in the merchants service, which may now, or hereafter, belong to any inhabitants of these islands. And lastly, be it known, that I hold myself and my people, to be bound on the principles of hospitality and good fellowship and the laws of nations (if any there are) as established by the best writers on that subject, and by no other law whatever, until time may produce particular contracts or other engageJ. LAMBERT.

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mission of the Cortes. Don Fernando VII. is declared by the Cortes King of Spain, and after his decease, his legitimate descendants shall succeed to the throne.*-The King shall be a minor until he has completed the age of 18 years.-The eldest son of the King shall be called Prince of the Asturias, and, as such, shall, at the age of 14, take an oath before the Cortes, to maintain the Constitution, and to be faithful to the King. During a minority, a Regency shall be formed, which shall superintend the education of the young Prince, according to the orders of the Cortes. The Regency shall be presided by the Queen Mother, if she be in life, and shall be composed of two of the oldest Deputies of the Cortes, who shall be replaced from year to year, and of two Counsellers of the Council of State, chosen in the order of their seniority.-The Cortes shall fix the salary proper for the support of the King and his Family, and shall point out the places destined for his recreation, &c.

Witness to this signature,

ANDREW MIller.

OFFICIAL PAPERS. SPAIN.Heads of the New Constitution. August, 1811.

(Concluded from page 448.)

The King.

The person of the King is inviolable and The Infantes may be appointed to all em

sacred. He shall sanction the Laws enacted by the Cortes. He may declare war and make peace. He shall appoint to Civil and Military Employments on the proposal of the Council of State.-He shall direct all diplomatic Negociations-He shall superintend the Application of the Public Reve

nue, &c.

Restrictions on the Kingly Authority.

The king shall not obstruct the meeting of the Cortes in the cases and at the periods pointed out by the Constitution, nor embarrass or suspend the Sittings, &c.-All who may advise him to any such proceedings shall be holden and dealt with as traitors. He must not travel, marry, alienate any thing, abdicate the crown, raise taxes, nor exchange any town, city, &c. without having first obtained the per

ployments, but cannot be Magistrates, nor Members of the Cortes, and must not of the said Cortes.-There shall be eight leave the kingdom without the permission Secretaries of State, including two for South and North America; they shall be responsible for the affairs of their respective departments, and the remuneration which they shall receive, shall be determined by the Cortes.-A Council of State shall be formed, consisting of forty Members: four of this number are to be Grandees of Spain, of acknowledged merit and virtue; four Ecclesiastics, of which two shall be Bishops; twelve Americans; the remaining twenty Members to be chosen from among the most respectable Citizens of the other classes of the community. This council shall meet every year on the 1st of March, and shall sit during three months. This period can only be extend

reason of great urgency. In such cases the Session may be prolonged, but not beyond one month.-The election of the Cortes shall take place conformable to the mode prescribed by the Constitution, and one Deputy shall be chosen for each 70,000 souls.-The Sittings of the Cortes shall be opened by the King, or in his name, by the President of the Deputation of the

Note.-Captain Lovell observes, that hav-ed on the request of the King, or for some ing left the above mentioned Jonathan Lambert, accompanied by two persons from Rio de Janeiro, on Trista de Cunha Island about the 1st of January, he proceeded on his voyage, and on his return to the island, after the space of 34 days, Mr. Lambert had cleared about fifty acres of land, and planted various kinds of seeds, some of which, as well as the coffee tree and sugar cane, were furnished him by the Americau minister at Rio de Janeiro. The above seeds had sprung up, and looksd very promising.

* The particular Regulation of the Succession appears to be, for the present, reserved by the Cortes.

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treachery? He published a proclamation, and forged the signature of Captain General O'Donnell,-an act till then unheard of and unknown. But this treason, this vile intrigue, did not produce the effect Suchet had promised himself; in place of retiring to their homes, more than 10,000. youths joined the ranks of the army.-I deceive myself much, or Senor Suchet wishes (now that no other resource res mains to him) to impede the general

On the 25th August the Military Com-rising of this indefatigable principality, mission charged with the trial of the au- which never can be effected by his saying thors and accomplices in the treason that France is treating for peace with England; delivered Figueras to the enemy, con--he foolishly judges, that you, Catalodemned to death and to forfeiture of pro- nians, will allow yourselves to be seduced, perty the following:-Jean Marqués, Con- and think, that the great efforts you now fidential Clerk of the Keeper of the Maga- make, and will continue to make, and zine Blouquier-Jean Floretta, Servant of which the enemy so greatly fears, must the said Blouquier.-Jean Jouyné, procu- be useless. He says the English are treatrier.-Genis Pons, and Pierre Pons.-All ing for peace, because he knows it would the five living at Fort Fernando de Fi- increase your difficulties in receiving sucgueras, and convicted of Treason: the cours; Senor Suchet calculates this consithree first, present at the trial, were exe- deration ought to discourage you much. cuted: the two latter were declared con- Catalonians, he tells you nothing of French tumaceous.-The said Commission has ac- perfidy, or of the little faith you should quitted of the said crime the undermen- place in their promises or information. tioned:-Amon Francois Blouquier,-The- Your own ground furnishes you with unrese Pons,-Magdeleine Pons,-Sister of deniable proofs of the impossibility of Genis and Pierre Pons.-And Marianne Floretta, servant of Blouquier. However, considering that in the absence of sufficient proofs, they afford at least reason for suspicion; these four individuals have been placed under the special superintendance of the superior Police, until the pacification of Upper Catalonia, and they were present at the execution of the condemned.

SPAIN. THE WAR.Address of General Doyle to the Catalonians. Maturo, July 5, 1811.

Catalonians.-Suchet has spread a report that Buonaparté has begun to treat for peace with Great Britain, and that he was so anxious it should take effect, that he had sent Talleyrand to London, and was himself gone to the vicinity of the coast to facilitate a prompt communication. Remember, valiant and unconquerable Catalonians, that it is scarcely a year since this same Suchet asserted, that the British Government, in conjunction with the Spanish, had made peace with France; and in consequence of it, he recommended the Catalonians to retire to their houses, since there would no longer be any war. And what were the means he adopted to give publicity and weight to this infamous

joining the words "good faith" with the French nation. Courage, then, Catalonians: England will never abandon you, but on the contrary redouble her efforts, because you redouble your own. A general effort, then, O, Catalonians; and do not hearken to the French, the French party, or the timid! (Signed) DOYLE.

PORTUGAL.- -THE WAR.- Extract of
an official dispatch from his Excellency
Lord Wellington to his Excellency Don
Miguel Forjas. Sabugal, August 8,

1811.

I have continued to move the troops upon their left, since my dispatch of the 1st inst. to your Excellency.-General Silveira informs me, under date of the 28th of July, that the troops of Bessieres, and those under the command of General Santocildes, continued to maintain the same positions which they respectively occupied according to his letter of the 21st of July.-I know that a part of the fifth army still remained in Zafra, on the 2d inst. and that a division only had set out in the direction of the county of Niebla.

All the information which I have received, agrees in stating, that Marshal Soult has gone in the direction of Gra

nada. I have received a communication | perfections. It secured such means of enfrom Valladolid, mentioning that Marshal | joyment as the deplorable situation of Bessieres had gone to France, and that things permitted, but none suited to the General Dorsenne had now the command

of the North of Spain.

jas, dated head quarters, Fuente Guinaldo, August 14.

more favourable condition of affairs, which by the grace of the Chief Magistrate, and his sublime and brilliant talents, are ap

ness.

Extract of an official Dispatch from Lord Wellington, to Don Miguel Pereira For-proaching to order, prosperity, and happiThat in the flourishing state of agriculture, commerce, and navigation, reestablishing morals, religion, and advancing to the highest discipline the public force, such a prospect of security and permanence is afforded which justifies the establishment of a firm and stable Government to insure that prosperity.-The said Council judging for such reasons, that it is necessary to invest the Supreme Authority with all that constitutes the grandeur, dignity and power of Majesty, has re. solved:

The enemy has made no alteration in regard to the respective positions which their different corps occupied, since my last dispatch of the 8th inst.; the army of Portugal was in the same positions in the valley of the Tagus, and near Placentia, on the 12th inst. The army of the north, and the fifth corps, remained as they were on the 12th inst.-It appears very certain that Soult has marched in the direction of Granada, with a large corps of troops. WELLINGTON.

PORTUGAL.

THE WAR.-- A Dispatch, of which the following is an extract, was yesterday received at the Office of the Eart of Liverpool, addressed to his Lordship by General Lord Viscount Wellington, dated Fuente Guinaldo, August 31, 1811.

The enemy have made no movement of any importance since I addressed your lordship on the 14th. On that evening a detachment of about 1,200 infantry and cavalry, arrived at Gafa, which is on the South side of the mountains which separate Castile from Estremadura; and on the following morning they surprised a small picquet in St. Martin de Trebejo, under Lieutenant Wood, of the 11th Light Dragoons, whom they made prisoner with ten men, and went off that evening to Moralegoo, and on the next morning to Monte Hermosso.

HAYTI. (St. Domingo.) New Constitu

tion, 1811.

1. That the establishment of an hereditary Throne is the best expedient for fulfilling this purpose.-2. That the throne shall descend in the male line, to the constant exclusion of females, and that the Sovereign shall be selected from that illusand to the good of the country, and that trious family, unceasingly elevated to glory the Chief of that family shall be the person on whom the Sovereignty shall devolve, as a mark of national gratitude, as on him the political existence of the country has depended.-The nation, by us, the organs of its will, thus confers this high distinction upon that Prince who has maintained its glory, and to whom its liberty, its independence, and its happiness may be safely confided.-It being proper to create great public Authorities from among the Officers who have devoted themselves to the honour and prosperity of the State, as well for the splendour of the throne as for the reward of their distinguished services, the following law is sanctioned by the said Council.

TITLE 1.Of the Supreme Authority.

1. The President Henry Christophe, is declared to be King of Hayti, under the name of Henry. This distinction, its prerogatives, and immunities, shall be hereditary in his family, in the line of the male and legitimate descendants, according to seniority, and to the exclusion of females.

An Extraordinary Council being convened to determine on the changes the State ought to undergo, the said Council consider that the Constitution of the 17th February, in the year 4 (1807), which was made without social compact, and during the storms of civil war, is not-2. All the Royal Acts shall be done in the adapted to the present condition of the Island, on the following grounds:-That the Constitution mentioned, although suited to the tempestuous circumstances of the country, had many acknowledged im

name of the King, and published and promulgated under the Royal Signet.-3. In defect of male children, the heirship shall pass to the nearest relation of the King, or to the highest rauk.-4. Notwithstanding

this law, the King may adopt the children | the Prince the deceased King shall have appointed to this duty. Neither the Regent or his children are to have the guardianship of the young King.

of any Prince of his kingdom, whom he may think fit to appoint his heirs.-5. If the King should have male children subsequent to such adoption, his own offspring will have the prior right.-6. On the decease of the Sovereign, until the accession of the heir, the affairs of the kingdom shall be governed by the Ministers and the Royal Council, who, being formed into a General Council, shall decide by a majority of voles, the Secretary of State registering

the decisions.

TITLE II. Of the Royal Family.

7. The Consort of the King is declared Queen of Hayti.-8. The Members of the Royal Family are to receive the titles of Princes and Princesses, and are to be addressed Most Serene Highnesses. The presumptive heir is to be called Prince Royal.-9. Those Princes are Members of the Council of State as soon as they come of age.-10. Neither the Princes or Princesses shall marry without the King's permission.-11. The King himself is to appoint the Officers of his Palace, in a way suited to the dignity of his crown.-12. There shall be established under the same authority, Palaces and Castles in such situations of the Kingdom as his Majesty shall point out.

TITLE IV. Of the Grand and Privy Councils.
21. The Grand Council is composed of
the Princes of the Blood, and of the
Princes, Dukes, and Earls to be chosen by
his Majesty, who shall himself determine
the number.-22. The President of the
Council is the King himself, and in his
absence, such noble person as he shall
name.-23. The Privy Council is to be
chosen by the King from the Grand Dig-
nitaries of the State.

TITLE V. Of the Grand Officers of the
Kingdom.

24. The Great Officers of the kingdom are the Grand Marshals of Hayti, and are chosen from among the persons holding the rank of Generals, according to their merit.-25. Their number is to be assigned by the King himself.-26. The places of the Great Officers are to be held during life.-27. Unless they shall be removed by a Royal Order, or from incapacity, and in such cases they shall preserve their title, their rank, and the half of their revenue.

Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Justice.-29. The Ministers are Members of the Council, and have votes.-30. The Ministers rendering account of their. services in person to his Majesty, and re

ceive his commands.

TITLE VII.-Of Oaths.

TITLE VI. Of the Ministers of State. TITLE 111—Of the Regency. 28. The King shall nominate four Mi13. The King is a minor until he be 15 nisters of State, the Minister of War and years of age. During his minority a Re- of the Marine, the Minister of the Figent shall be nominated.—14., The Re-nances and of the Home Department, the gent shall be 25 years of age at least, and shall either be chosen from the nearest relation of the King, to the exclusion of females, and in defect of such relations, from the Grand Dignitaries of the kingdom.-15. Should the King not have appointed a Regent, the Grand Council shall select a person according to the preceding law.-16. Until the King become of age, the Regent shall be invested with all the attributes of Royalty.-17. But the Regent is not to conclude treaties of peace, alliance, or commerce, or to make declaration of war, until he shall have taken the advice of the Grand Council, the majority of the votes of which on such subjects he is to carry into effect.-18. The Regent is not empowered to nominate to the Grand Dignities of the kingdom, nor to the rank of Generals and Admirals. 19. All the acts of the Regent are to be in the name of the young King.-20. The guardianship of the King is entrusted to his mother; and if he have no mother, to

31. On the King's coming of age, he is to make oath on the Evangelist in the presence of the great Authorities of the Kingdom.-32. The Regent is to do the same on assuming his functions.--33. The. great Officers, the Ministers, and the Secretary of State, are to deliver their oath of fidelity into the hands of the King.

TITLE VIII-Of the Promulgation of the
Laws.

34. The promulgation of all the Acts. of the Kingdom is as follows:-" By the Grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, we King of Hayti do declare, greeting."--These public Acts are to coclude as follows:-"We command and

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