or permanent disability of the special justice, such substitute justice shall act until a successor has been elected and has qualified. Said substitute justice shall receive for his services such compensation as the respective city councils or other governing bodies shall determine. (1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1949. How special justice removed.

The special justice elected under this chapter may be removed in accordance with the provisions of section twenty-seven hundred and five of the Code of Virginia.

(1922, p. 819. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1950. Special justice, conservators of peace; their jurisdiction. The special justices elected under the provisions of this chapter shall be conservators of the peace within the corporate limits of the cities for which they are respectively elected and within one mile beyond the corporate limits of such cities; and except as hereinafter limited shall have, within the corporate limits, exclusive original jurisdiction and within one mile beyond said corporate limits, concurrent jurisdiction with the justices and the circuit courts of the counties, over all cases, matters and proceedings involving:

(1) The disposition, custody or control of delinquent, dependent and neglected children;

(2) The enforcement of any law, regulation or ordinance for the education, protection or care of children.

(3) The prosecution and punishment of persons charged with ill-treatment, abuse, abandonment or neglect of children, or with contributing to their delinquency or dependency or neglect in any manner, or with any other offense against children under the age of eighteen years except murder and manslaughter; provided, however, that in prosecutions for felonies other than murder and manslaughter the jurisdiction of said special justice shall be limited to that of an examining magistrate;

(4) All offenses, except murder and manslaughter, committed by one member of a family against another member of said family; and the trial of all criminal warrants in which one member of a family is complainant against another member of said family; provided, however, that in prosecution for felonies other than murder and manslaughter the jurisdiction of said special justice shall be limited to that of an examining magistrate. The word "family" as used herein shall be construed to include husband and wife, parent and child, brother and sister, grandparent and grandchild;

(5) The prosecution and punishment of persons, male or female, who knowingly contributes in any way to the disruption of marital relations or of a home.

Said special justice shall, in all such cases, possess the jurisdiction and exercise all the powers conferred upon justices of the peace and police justices by the laws of this State, and he shall have such other powers and jurisdiction as may be lawfully conferred upon him. He

shall have the same powers with respect to the amendemnt or issuance of warrants as are conferred on courts and judges by the provisions of section forty-nine hundred and eighty-nine of the Code of Virginia.

This act shall be construed liberally and as remedial in character; and the powers hereby conferred are intended to be general to effect the beneficial purposes herein set forth. It is the intention of this act that in all proceedings concerning the disposition, custody or control of children coming within the provisions hereof, the court shall proceed upon the theory that the welfare of the child is the paramount concern of the State, and to the end that this humane purpose may be attained, said justices shall possess all necessary and incidental powers and authority, whether legal or equitable in their nature.

From the hearing or trial of all cases, matters or proceedings under the provisions of this chapter there shall be excluded all persons except officers of the court, attorneys and witnesses in the case, and the accused or his relatives or guardian or custodian. Any hearing or trial may be had in chambers.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1950-a. Contempt of court.

The said special justice shall have the same powers in the matters of contempt as are conferred on courts and judges by the general law, but in no case shall the fine exceed fifty dollars and imprisonment exceed ten days for the same contempt. From any such fine or sentence an appeal shall be allowed as appeals are allowed from such justices in other cases affecting adults, and the proceedings in such appeals shall conform in all other respects to the provisions of section forty-five hundred and twenty-three of the Code of Virginia.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951. Cities to provide court rooms, et cetera; records under control of justice.

Each of such cities shall provide a suitable court room and offices for said court, and shall furnish all necessary furniture, filing cabinets, dockets, books, stationery, et cetera. Said special justice, after consultation with the State commissioner of public welfare, shall have the power to determine the form and character of his records and to determine and publish the rules to regulate the proceedings in all cases coming within the provisions of this chapter where not otherwise provided by law, and for the conduct of all probation and other officers of the court and such rules shall be enforced and construed leberally for the remedial purposes embraced therein. The records of the

court shall be under the control of said special justice and shall not be removed or examined by any person without his consent, except by persons authorized by law to make such examinations.

The special justice, after consultation with the commissioner of public welfare, may also devise, promulgate and cause to be printed

for the use of the public and for the use of the court, forms which may be found necessary and convenient for use in cases coming under this chapter.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-a. Certain officers to aid juvenile and domestic relations court; when service of process.

The court may, in its discretion, call upon the Commonwealth's attorney of his city to assist the court in any proceeding under this chapter, and it shall be the duty of such Commonwealth's attorney to render such assistance when so requested, and said Commonwealth's attorney shall represent the State in all cases appealed from said juvenile and domestic relations court to other courts; and the sheriffs of the counties of this State and police officers of the cities shall serve all papers directed by the court or justice to be served by them, but any paper, summons or process issued by said court may be served by any person designated by the court or justice for that purpose. (1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-b. Traveling expenses of officers and witnesses.

The traveling expenses incurred by a probation officer or other officer of said court, when traveling under the order of said court or justice, shall be paid by the auditor of public accounts out of the criminal accounts fund provided upon presentation of an account approved by said justice. Said justice may, in his discretion, authorize the payment of necessary traveling expenses incurred by any witness or person summoned or otherwise required to appear at the hearing of any case coming within the jurisdiction of said court.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-c. Co-operation of certain agencies and officials may be sought; their duties.

The court may seek the co-operation of all societies, organizations or institutions, public or private, having for their object the protection, aid or care of children, to the end that the court may be assisted in every reasonable way to give all children coming under its jurisdiction the care, protection and assistance which will best conserve the welfare of such children. It is hereby made the duty of every official of such city or any department thereof to render such assistance and cooperation to said court as will best further the objects of this chapter. All institutions, associations or other custodial agencies in which any child coming within the provisions of this chapter may be are hereby required to give such information to the court, or to any of its officers as said court or officers may require for the purpose of this chapter. (1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-d. Provisions as to bonds and other undertakings.

All bonds and other undertakings taken and approved by the justice of the court, either for the appearance of any person or for the performance of any other duty or undertaking set forth in said bond, shall

be valid and enforceable even if the principal in said bond shall be a minor. In the event of a failure upon the part of the principal or sureties in any bond taken in said court to faithfully carry out and discharge the undertakings of said bond then, in that event, the justice of such court shall have the right to declare said bond forfeited and to certify the same to the clerk of the corporation or hustings court of his city. And in the event of such certification by the justice of the court to the clerk of said corporation or hustings court it shall be the duty of the clerk of said latter court to bring the same at once to the attention of the judge of said court, who shall proceed thereon in the manner prescribed by law.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-e. Appeals.

From any final order or judgment of said court affecting the rights or interests of any child coming within its jurisdiction an appeal may be taken in the manner prescribed by section 1920 of the Code of Virginia as amended. From any final order or judgment of conviction of said juvenile and domestic relations court affecting the rights or interests of any person over the age of eighteen years coming within its jurisdiction, an appeal may be taken by the person aggrieved to the corporation or hustings court of such city within ten days. Provided, however, that in either case said appeal may be withdrawn by the person taking same at any time before the appeal papers shall have been actually filed in the higher court; and provided further that in any case said justice may grant a re-hearing within thirty days upon good cause shown, after due notice to interested parties.

Upon the rendition of final judgment upon an appeal from said juvenile and domestic relations court, said appelate court shall cause to be filed with said juvenile and domestic relations court, a copy of its judgment, which shall thereupon become the judgment of said juvenile and domestic relations court. In the event such appelate court does not dismiss said proceedings or discharge said child or adult person, said appelate court may in its discretion remand said child or adult person to the jurisdiction of said juvenile and domestic relations court for its supervision and care, under the terms of its said order or judgment, and thereafter said child or adult person shall be and remain under the jurisdiction of said juvenile and domestic relations court in the same manner as if said court had rendered said judgment in the first instance.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1951-f. Affidavits and oaths; issuance of appropriate orders on writs.

The clerk of said juvenile and domestic relations court shall have authority to take affidavits and administer oaths or affirmations in proceedings coming within the jurisdiction of said court and the

justice shall have power to issue all appropriate orders or writs in aid of the jurisdiction vested in said court.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1952. Clerks and bailiffs of courts; their powers and duties.

In cities of one hundred thousand inhabitants or more said special justice shall have the power to appoint a clerk and a bailiff and such other employees as may be necessary for the proper conduct of his said court. The compensation that such clerk, bailiff and other employees of said court shall receive for their services shall be fixed by the council or other governing body of said city and shall be paid out of the city treasury.

The said clerk shall keep the court docket and shall perform such other duties as the justice of said court may prescribe or the council or other governing body of said city may by ordinance direct.

The said bailiff shall have charge of the court room and the offices connected therewith, and he shall be held responsible for the safekeeping and proper protection of the furniture and other property contained therein. He shall have charge of the cleaning, warming and lighting of said court room and offices. He shall attend all court sessions held by said justices and shall perform such other services as may be required of him by the said justice. The said bailiff shall have the power and authority of a police officer.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1953. When terms of special justices begin.

All special justices elected under this chapter shall enter upon the discharge of their duties the first day of January next succeeding their election, or on the first of such month as the respective city councils or other governing bodies may designate, provided, however, that every special justice now holding office under the provisions of chapter eighty-one of the Code of Virginia of nineteen hundred and nineteen shall continue in office under the provisions of this amended chapter and exercise the powers and jurisdiction herein prescribed, until his term of office shall expire.

(1922, p. 829. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1960. See chapter 351 of Acts, 1918, herein.

Sec. 1962. Definitions.

(Repealed; 1922, p. 673. In force June 18, 1922.)

For act establishing University of Virginia and Richmond memorial road, see chapter 305 of Acts of 1920, herein.

See chapter 344 of Acts 1920, herein.

Sec. 1963. Appointment of commissioner; term; constitution of commission.

(Repealed; 1922, p. 673. In force June 18, 1922.)

Sec. 1984. Qualifications of appointee.

(Repealed; 1922, p. 673. In force June 18, 1922.) Sec. 1965. Oath.

(Repealed; 1922, p. 673. In force June 18, 1922.)