Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

1802.]

THE PEACE OF AMIENS CONCLUDED.

411

third power, to be agreed upon in the Definitive Treaty." This was a constant subject of contention at Amiens. The knights of Malta were in truth a nullity. The guarantee was to be given for a scattered and bankrupt body, with a traitor as their nominal head, who had betrayed the island to the French. The end was a compromise, sure to produce a quarrel. There was no ambiguity about Great Britain surrendering all the conquests she had made in the war, except Ceylon, taken from the Dutch, and Trinidad, taken from the Spaniards. The French were to evacuate Naples and the Papal States. Egypt was to be restored to the Sultan. The Republic of the Seven Ionian Islands was to be recognized. The integrity of Portugal was guaranteed. The French retained all that they had acquired in Europe by the war. The Balance of Power, the orthodox creed of a century, had received many rude assaults; it had now become "a creed outworn."

[graphic][merged small]

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF TREATIES.

(Continued from volume vi. page 468.)

1787 August 18 the Turks declare war against Russia.

1788 February 10: the Emperor of Germany joined Russia against Turkey. 1788 September 25: the King of France convened the States-General to assemble in January, 1789.

1790 September 27: the preliminary treaty ratified with Spain, relative to Nootka Sound; definitive treaty signed on the 28th October.

1791 July 20: convention of Pilnitz, between the Emperor Leopold and the King of Prussia.

1792 April 20: the French National Assembly declared war against the Emperor

of Germany.

1792 June 26 the first coalition against France took place, and the King of Prussia issued his manifesto.

1792 September 16: war declared against Sardinia by the French National

Assembly.

1793 February 1: France declared war against Great Britain and Holland. 1793 February 9: The Duke of Tuscany acknowledged the French Republic. 1793 May 25

Spain engaged to assist Great Britain.

1793 September 3: the King of Naples declared war against the French Republic.

1793 Great Britain concluded treaties, July 14, with Prussia; August 30, with Austria; and September 26, with Portugal.

1795 February 15: the first pacification between the National Assembly of France and the Vendeans, concluded.

1795 February 18: a defensive alliance entered into with Russia, by Great Britain.

1795 April 5 peace of Basle, between the King of Prussia and the French Republic.

1795 May 16: treaty of alliance signed at Paris, between France and the United Provinces, against England. Dutch Flanders ceded to France. 1795 July 22: peace ratified at Basle between France and Spain. Spanish St. Domingo ceded to France.

1795 November 25: the partition of Poland took place between Russia, Austria, and Prussia.

1796 May 15 treaty of Paris, between the French Republic and the King of Sardinia, the latter ceding Savoy, Nice, the territory of Tende, and Beuil, and granting a free passage for troops through his states.

1796 August 5: the treaty of Berlin ratified between Prussia and France, whereby the neutrality of the north of Germany was guaranteed.

1796 August 19: an alliance offensive and defensive concluded at St. Ildefonso, between France and Spain.

1796 October 6: war declared by Spain against Great Britain.

1797 February 19: treaty of Tolentino, between the French Republic and the

Pope.

1797 April 18: preliminaries of the peace of Leoben signed between Austria and

France.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF TREATIES.

413

1797 October 17: treaty of Campo Formio, between France and Austria, the latter power yielding the Low Countries and the Ionian Islands to France; and Milan, Mantua, and Modena, to the Cisalpine republic; Venice assigned to the Emperor.

1797 December 9: congress of Radstadt commenced its labours to treat concerning a general peace with the Germanic powers.

1798 Switzerland invaded by the French.

1798 September 12; war declared against France by the Porte, and an alliance, offensive and defensive, entered into between the latter power, Russia, and Great Britain.

1798 October 3: Naples and Sardinia commence hostilities against France. 1798 December 29: a treaty of alliance and subsidies, agreed upon between Great Britain and Russia, against France.

1799 June 22: the second coalition against France, by Great Britain, the Emperors of Germany and Russia, part of the German empire, the Kings of Naples and Portugal, Turkey, and the Barbary States. Conference of Radstadt broken up.

1800 June 20: a treaty of subsidies ratified at Vienna, between Austria and England, stipulating that the war should be vigorously prosecuted against France, and that neither of the contracting powers should enter into a separate peace.

1800 December 16: a treaty of armed neutrality ratified, between Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, at Petersburgh, in order to cause their flags to be respected by the belligerent powers.

1801 February 9: peace of Luneville, between the French Republic and the Emperor of Germany, confirming the cessions made by the treaty of Campo Formio, stipulating that the Rhine, to the Dutch territories, should form the boundary of France, and recognizing the independence of the Batavian, Helvetic, Ligurian, and Cisalpine republics.

1801 March 3 war declared by Spain against Portugal.

1801 March 21: a treaty signed at Madrid between France and Spain, whereby the estates of Parma were yielded to France, who in return ceded Tuscany to the Prince of Parma, with the title of King of Etruria.

1801 March 28: a treaty of peace between France and the King of Naples, signed at Florence, by which France acquired the Isles of Elba, Piombino, and Presides.

1801 June 17: a treaty concluded between Great Britain and Russia at Petersburgh.

1801 July 15: the Concordat between Bonaparte and Pius VII., signed at Paris.

1801 August 8: a treaty of peace concluded between Spain and Portugal. 1801 September 29: a treaty of peace signed at Madrid, between France and Portugal.

1801 October 1: preliminary articles of peace between France and England, signed at London by Lord Hawkesbury and M. Otto.

1801 October 8: a treaty of peace ratified at Paris between the Emperor of Russia and the French government.

1802 March 25 peace of Amiens between Great Britain, France, Spain, and Holland.

1802 June 25 definitive treaty between France and the Ottoman Porte.

[blocks in formation]
[graphic][subsumed][merged small][merged small]

The Peace a precarious armistice-Demands of Bonaparte-English in France-French encroachments-The king's allusion to them in his Speech-French expedition to St. DomingoToussaint L'Ouverture-Mr. Addington's policy-Bonaparte and lord Whitworth-Trial of Peltier-Speech of Macintosh-Despard's conspiracy-Militia called out-Violence of Bonaparte towards the British ambassador-Malta-War declared-Negotiations for Mr. Pitt's return to power- Detention in France of English travellers-Great Britain roused -Preparations for invasion-Emmett's insurrection-Rapid enrolment of VolunteersBonaparte at Boulogne-Pitt at Walmer-The Volunteers reviewed-Weakness of the Addington ministry-The king's illness-Negotiations for a change of ministry-Pitt presses for an administration on a broad basis-His failure-Pitt prime minister-Conspiracy against the First Consul-Murder of the Duc d'Enghien.

LET us compare the opinions of two historians on the likelihood of the duration of peace. "The treaty of Amiens had scarcely been signed, when the restless ambition and the insupportable insolence of the First Consul convinced the great body of the English people that the peace, so eagerly welcomed, was only a precarious armistice." We turn from the view of Macaulay to that of Thiers: "The treaty of Amiens had been signed only a few months, and their joy at the peace had a little cooled amongst the English, when there remained before their eyes, as if it were a bright and troublesome light, the grandeur of France, unhappily too little disguised in the person of the First Consul. Some civilities to Mr. Fox, on his visit to Paris, did not prevent their seeing that the First Consul had the attitude of

* Macaulay-"Biographies," Pitt, p. 217.

« AnteriorContinuar »