Why Millions Flocked to Hear Him! The World's Greatest Thinker For fifty years Col. Robt. G. Ingersoll spoke before The Outlook Copyright, 1921, by The Outlook Company 6 6 6 8 8 8 Col. Robt. G. Ingersoll 12 HANDSOME VOLUMES-NEW DRESDEN EDITION President Garfield called him "Royal Bob." Mark Twain said of him, "His was a great and Whatever your position in life you cannot afford not to read the complete works of Col. SEND NO MONEY We are anxious to send you the Complete Works of Col. Robt. G. 130 East 25th St., New York, N. Y. 1 and $3 a month for 12 months. Deduct This new edition of Ingersoll includes all the important THE INGERSOLL PUBLISHERS Inc. Dept. 161 130 East 25th St., New York, N. Y. SOME OF HIS GREAT Life Some Mistakes of Which Way? The Foundations of What is Religion? The Limitations of A Christian Sermon Is Avarice Triumph- Orthodoxy Myth and Miracle Is Divorce Wrong? The Income Tax and Liberty Bonds.. 12 By Lyman Abbott Current Events Illustrated..... 13 .... 14 This Week's Outlook: A Weekly Out- Contributors' Gallery.. By the Way...... BY SUBSCRIPTION $5.00 A YEAR. 35 35 38 Single copies 15 cents. For foreign subscription to countries in the Address all communications to THE OUTLOOK COMPANY New York City THE OUTLOOK. January 5, 1921. Volume 127, Number 1. DEAF? "I Now Inasmuch as 400,000 users have testified 1921 Acousticon For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL No Deposit-No Expense WARNING! There is no good reason why TEACHERS' AGENCIES The Pratt Teachers Agency 70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR NURSES St. John's Riverside Hospital Training School for Nurses YONKERS. NEW YORK Registered in New York State, offers a 2 years' courseas general training to refined, educated women. Require ments one year high school or its equivalent. 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Does your business fall under one of these headings or something similar? BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES GABRIELE AT BAY NR TOW that the Italian forces are besieging Fiume, and a few thousand Fiuman troops and their illustrissimo commandante, Gabriele d'Annunzio, face seven or eight times as many, people are pitying the "poor poet." True, Gabriele is before everything a poet. True, also, he is in some respects a ridiculous figure, corseted and painted; true, he clothes his Arditi and legionaries in weird costumes and plasters them over with many medals. True, his proclamations are bombast, as, for instance, that one the other day in rejoinder to the Italian Government's announcement of the Treaty of Rapallo: "We observe that you use expressions such as 'King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes' or 'Jugoslavia.' We have not recognized the existence of such state." a And yet, when all is said, for a year and a quarter Gabriele has held his own. Because of Fiume, Cabinets have come and gone. He has remained. The reasons are evident. One is that he is a real patriot. During the months before Italy's entrance into the war no one did more to bring about that event than did he: the text of his appeals remains, an enduring honor. When Italy entered the war, he enlisted. He fought on land, at sea, and especially in the air. He was severely wounded. But this did not interrupt his feats of darWhen, after months of shillying. shallying, the city of Fiume proper, with a population emphatically Italian in majority, was being tossed about by the Powers, he, at the head of an armed force, landed at Fiume and proclaimed its annexation to Italy. Italian Government was in a dilemma. It sent General Pittaluga to remove the poet, just as Marshal Ney had orders to stop Napoleon's march on Paris in 1815. The result was the same. Various other methods to dislodge d'Annunzio were tried and abandoned. The But d'Annunzio's second quality as leader is his persistence. He is an untiring worker. The result is that both his army and the population of Fiume have suffered comparatively little. They have been able to hold up their heads as they saw the three words their leader had inscribed on his banner, "Quis Contra Nos?" The third quality revealed that which might be expected from a poet-con JANUARY 5, 1921 structive imagination-and it inspired civilians and soldiers alike with not a little fanatical fervor. Recently the Italian Government reached an agreement with the Jugoslav Government, making Fiume absolutely independent. While this meant that Fiume would become practically Italian, it was not annexation, and when the Government called on d'Annunzio to recognize the Treaty that (C) Keystone GENERAL CAVIGLIA leader declined and declared war on his own country. The Italian Government sent General Caviglia to compel him to obey. The General was the hero of the battle of Vittorio Veneto, Italy's decisive victory in the war; thus he occupies a position in the Italian mind similar to that of Marshal Joffre in France. Caviglia gave to the Fiumans, civilians and soldiers, forty-eight hours in which to get out of the town. There has been some fighting, with a reported loss of about fifty dead and one hundred wounded. Here again d'Annunzio invokes, according to the New York "Progresso," "glorious and liberating death," adding that "the holocaust will be a purifying bath for all Italy." THE GERMAN SEED OF A NTELLECTUALS, so called, have very I generally agreed in treating Bolsheviki as if they were the natural product of the Russian Revolution. They have argued that we had no business to interfere with Bolshevism even during the war. Some of these intellectuals have disclaimed sympathy with the Bolshevist doctrines and practices, but have told us that those doctrines and practices were Russia's business and not America's. The fact that the Bolsheviki number scarcely one in a hundred of Russians does not seem to shake the faith of these intellectuals in the truly Russian character of this pseudo-proletarian tyranny. The American people have been informed by the self-styled intelligenzia that the initial mistake was sending any soldiers to Russia to combat the Bolsheviki. The mistake, that is, was not in resisting them too feebly, but in resisting them at all. Of course all this argument quietly ignores the fact that ought to have been plain even to those who pride themselves on their intellect-that Bolshevism was really and literally a part of the German offensive. It ignores the fact that Lenine was financed by Germany and was sent into Russia by Germany as a part of the German effort to defeat Russia and that it was Germany's most successful effort in the war. It will be harder in the future for anybody hereafter to ignore these facts. In the "Daily Rul," of Berlin, a Russian publication, according to the New York "Herald," General William Hoffman, who the chief figure among the Germans when they made "peace" with Russia at Brest-Litovsk, makes this statement: was I had charge of the propaganda department on the eastern front. During the war we used every device we knew to break the Russian front. One of these devices was poison gas; the other was Nikolai Lenine. The Kaiser's Government transported Lenine through Germany in a sealed car for a definite purpose. With our consent Lenine and his friends destroyed the Russian army. Von Kuehlmann (one-time German Minister of Foreign Affairs) and Count Czernin (formerly AustroHungarian Foreign Minister) and I closed the peace of Brest-Litovsk, principally in order to be able to throw our eastern army against the western front. While we were negotiating with the Russians, all of us were convinced the Bolsheviki would not remain in power longer than two or three weeks. Had we knownhad we foreseen-the consequences, We would never have dealt with them in any way whatsoever. But we did not consider the consequences then. Perhaps this confession of General Hoffman, just because it comes from a German, will make an impression upon minds which have been hitherto unimpressed by the facts. In 1918 President Wilson acknowledged himself to be disillusioned. The Germans had accomplished their purpose, however, for they had succeeded in fooling enough Americans to prevent the United States from resisting this clumsily but effectively camouflaged offensive until it seemed to our military authorities too late for effective action. We wonder how long the further illusion will last that these forces which Germany let loose in Russia are still of concern to Russia alone. THE NOBEL PRIZES Ο IN December 10, the anniversary of the death of Alfred Bernhard Nobel, the Swedish scientist and philanthropist, the distribution of the prizes awarded by the terms of his will took place. The Outlook has already announced the names of the recipients of the prizes for peace and for literature -President Wilson and Knut Hamsun -for 1920. In addition, the prize for medicine was awarded to Professor August Krogh, of Copenhagen, a distinguished Danish scientist, and the prize for physics to Professor Charles Edouard Guillaume, of Sèvres, head of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; he has perfected instruments for the measurement of a millionth part of a meter. M. The prizes for 1919 were also awarded. The peace prize went to M. Léon Bourgeois, President of the French Association for the Society of Nations and the chief French delegate at the Paris Peace Conference, at which the League of Nations Covenant was framed. Bourgeois was also the chief delegate from France at the Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, and is a member of the Hague Arbitration Court. The prize for medicine was awarded to Dr. Jules Bordet, of Brussels, an authority on oxins, and that for literature to Karl Spitteler, the Swiss poet, essayist, and novelist. Spitteler's fame was accentuated by his anti-German stand six years ago during the controversy between extremists in the German and French cantons of Switzerland. This position lost him favor in Germany, where his books had received wide reading. But he gained corresponding favor in France, as was shown at the public celebration of his birthday in 1915, when the French Academy sent him "fraternal greet ings." He was educated at the Universities of Basle and Heidelberg and has lived the life of a schoolmaster. He was thirty-six before his first work, "Prometheus and Epimetheus," appeared in two volumes over the pseudonym "Felix Tandem." His books in prose and verse, such as "Gustav," "Lieutenant Konrad," "Butterflies," and the autobiographical novel "Imago," emphasize Swiss elements and points KARL SPITTELER PROF. AUGUST KROGH of view as distinct from the German. Spitteler's masterpiece, "Olympian Spring," is an original mythology in verse, in which classical names are retained, but they are the names of very human and, one might almost say, contemporary gods. FAMINE IN CHINA R ETURNING from China, Mr. J. J. Underwood, correspondent of the Seattle "Times," reports on conditions in that country to Mr. F. J. Taylor, of the New York "Globe." Mr. Underwood predicts that if relief is not aurried to China at least twenty million Chinese will die from hunger th's winter. The crisis was caused first, by the failure of last spring's crop in the four Chinese provinces drained by the Yellow River; second, by the devastation of last summer's crop there through locusts; third, by the annihilation of the autumn crop by drought. "Now there is not a leaf, a blade of grass, or a twig in all those four provinces," says Mr. Underwood. "Plants are pounced upon as soon as they show themselves above the ground and are eaten." Nor is this the worst. Families sold their young to get them out of the famine area. "In all these provinces," adds Mr. Underwood, "there is scarcely a girl from twelve to twenty years left. They have been sold into slavery and prostitution and deported." Mr. Underwood continues: Many men sold their entire families, and attempted to beg their way to Peking, Once they began to arrive there, they were driven out by the professional beggars. There begging is a concession, you know. The superstitious believe that in giving to the beggar they are giving to the spirits. The professional beggars declared the famine sufferers outlanders. They threatened to strike. This threat carried weight with the Pekingese, who helped drive the poor from the Yellow River region out of the capital. You see them straggling along the roads leading to Peking and other cities. Meanwhile "the rest of China, much of it blessed with abundant crops, sits placidly by, superstitiously believing that the spirits intended the drought and famine as a means of regulating the overwhelming population of the land." What are the central and provincial governments doing? Mr. Underwood replies: The Peking Government is weak. Its soldiers are underpaid. The provinces are under control of governors-general, who levy taxes anywhere and of any amount to pay anything they wish. These governorsgeneral seized railroad material which was needed to get food to the stricken area. They quit these tactics when an American, J. E. Baker, was put in charge of the roads. What is America doing? Mr. Underwood answers: Baker is in charge of the distribution of funds raised by a special tax cn railway tickets for the relief of the starving. Another American, Major Emmett White, of the American Red Cross, is administering relief, but he has but $500,000. It costs $5 to save the life of a Chinaman in the famine area. Rather than spread his $500,000 over the entire area and do little good to any one, Major White had to pick out a limited district and save 100,000 Chinese. Mr. Underwood concludes thus: I have no love for the Japanese, but my hat is off to them for what they did in Korea. Korea has always been a land of many famines due to droughts. When drought overtook Korea the Japanese got busy. They stopped the collection of rents, appropriated 40.000,000 yen, built roads everywhere, and put in a reclamation project. They put every Korean to work. They saved every Korean, when the loss, in an ordinary famine year, would have been a million. That is what China needs. And while she gets ready for it every can should help the American who American Red Cross. |