BOYS' CAMPS THE OUTLOOK Give your Boy a chance The Outlook Camp Copyright, 1921, by The Outlook Company Quan-ta-ba-cook TABLE OF CONTENTS (ON LAKE WALTON) 1,000 feet elevation Work and play for June, July and August combining best things in summer camps and school for juniors and seniors. All land and water sports. Enrollment increased ten-fold in five years. Illustrated circular. Correspondence and conference invited. TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR NURSES St. John's Riverside Hospital Training School for Nurses YONKERS, NEW YORK Registered in New York State, offers a 2 years' courseas general training to refined, educated women. Requirements one year high school or its equivalent. Apply to the Directress of Nurses, Yonkers, New York. TRAINING SCHOOL for NURSES of the New England Hospital for Women and Children Boston, Mass. Next class enters April first. There are still a few vacancies. For information as to requirements for admission, outline of course, etc., apply to Superintendent of Nurses. Vol. 127 March 9, 1921 No. 10 THE OUTLOOK IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OUTLOOK LAWRENCE COMPANY, 381 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. N. T. PULSIFER, VICE-PRESIDENT. F. ABBOTT, PRESIDENT. ERNEST H. ABBOTT, SECFRANK C. HOYT, TREASURER. RETARY. TRAVERS D. CARMAN, ADVERTISING DIRECTOR. Propaganda about the Black Troops.. 363 364 $6.00 364 .90 One-half pound boxes... .65 Troubles-Domestic and Foreign...... 365 Assorted Jellies and Jams in glass 11 oz. Jams. Per-dozen... 4.50 Pictured in Cartoons that Appealed to Outlook Readers 9 oz. Jellies. Per dozen.. 4.50 6 oz. Jellies and Jams. Per dozen.. 3.15 2 oz. Jellies and Jams. Per dozen.. 1.95 The Disposal of Yap...... 366 Assorted Fresh Fruit. Per doz. Quarts 14.00 The Bishops May Stay at Home..... 366 Per dozen Pints... ... 9.00 367 367 Assorted Preserves. Per dozen Pints.. 12.00 Spiced Sliced Peaches. Per doz. Quarts 12.00 Per dozen Pints.... 7.00 Peach Chutney. Per dozen Pints...... 7.00 367 Pure Clover Honey 371 14 oz. jars. Per dozen....... 5.00 5 oz. jars. Per dozen.. 3.85 374 Mince Meat. Per dozen Quarts.... 16.00 Per dozen Pints... 9.00 Assorted Jams in Enamel Lined Tin Cans In dozen or half-dozen lots For sale by leading grocers, or for price list of other delicacies put up in glass write to Miss ELLEN H. NORTH, Geneseo, N.Y. TEACHERS' AGENCIES The Pratt Teachers Agency 70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. Advises parents about schools. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES S MASSACHUSETTS TAMMERER FOR 54 YEARS we have successfully cor. rected stammering by our simple and natural method. Individual instructi n only. SAMUEL O. ROBBINS, Director. Boston Stammerers' Institute 246 Huntington Ave. Boston, 17 Mass. S FOR ROGERS HALL SCHOOL GIRLS Lowell, Massachusetts. 38 minutes from Boston. Country sports. Gymnasium and swimming pool. For catalogue and views address Miss OLIVE SEWALL PARSONS, B.A., Principal WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 23 Highland St., Natick, Mass. A College Preparatory School for Girls. 17 miles from Boston. Miss Conant, Miss Bigelow, Principals. SHORT-STORY WRITING A course of forty lessons in the history, form, THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 393 394 399 Dr. Beenwein Dept. 68 400 Single copies 15 cents each. For foreign subscription to countries in the Postal Union, $6.56. Address all communications to THE OUTLOOK COMPANY 381 Fourth Avenue New York City THE OUTLOOK. March 9, 1921. Volume 127, Number 10. Published weekly by The Outlook Company at 381 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Subscription price $5.00 a year. Entered as second-class matter, July 21, 1893, at the Post Office at New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879. PROPAGANDA ABOUT THE BLACK TROOPS G ERMAN propaganda (never, even during the war, wholly inactive) has now broken out in the United States with new vigor. Its latest manifestation is a protest, printed and oral, against the alleged "horror on the Rhine." E. D. Morel, once a defender of the rights of the blacks in the Congo, since then, though an Englishman, an apologist for the Germans, is one of the persons engaged in this new German propaganda. Of course G. S. Viereck, whose openly proGerman paper, "The Fatherland," discreetly changed its name but not its character during the war, is another propagandist. The hyphenated Germans are also trying with some success to get partners from among the hyphenated Irish. An outbreak of this propaganda occurred in New York City in Madison Square Garden last week. Though we are still officially on a war basis in our relations with Germany, these assembled sympathizers with an alien enemy were allowed to make a gross and unwarranted attack upon the honor of our ally, France. These people charged the French with maintaining on the Rhine a horde of black savages. The whole meeting was an appeal to the most violent and passionate of prejudices, an attempt to arouse hatred of white against black, of German against the English and the French, of the Irish MARCH 9. 1921 sympathetically to German complaints. This sort of propaganda serves to show that the Germans are just as untrustworthy as ever. Those who have held out their hand to Germany will hesitate about doing it again when they find that it is spat upon. And when pro-German sympathizers get together and hiss the President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, and hiss him in the name of a nation Next week we shall print Special Correspondence on the question of the Black Troops from Stéphane Lauzanne, editor of the Paris "Matin," with a statement from Marshal Foch. with which we are still officially at war, they will find that the political opponents of Mr. Wilson are as resentful of their proceeding as his political supporters. Americans who have been off their guard about pro-German propaganda are now, as a consequence of this proceeding, more likely to take warning. WHY BE MECHANICAL N restricting immigration Congress against the French, and all against har, we are sorry to say, adopted the Americans. The charges made against the French by these pro-Germans have been denied and disproved. There are no black troops among the French Colonials on the Rhine; and the French troops that are there are there because they are needed, and Colonial troops are used because Frenchmen cannot be spared from the work of restoring the land that Germany despoiled and outraged. In a letter sent months ago to the "Christian Science Monitor," of Boston, the French Consul-General in New York called the accusations which had then been printed "grotesque and malicious." These pro-German propagandists have done the truth a good service in making themselves objectionable, but they are doing their own doctrines no good. There are a good many Americans who have been becoming inclined to wonder whether Germany was not rather hard pressed and who have listened somewhat Dillingham Bill. Congress had two immigration bills before it the Johnson Bill, promptly passed by the House of Representatives last December, and the Dillingham Bill, recently passed by the Senate and now agreed to by the House only because of the realization that, unless the Senate plan was adopted, there was no hope for immigration legislation of any kind at the last session of the Sixty-sixth Congress. The Johnson Bill would have practically excluded all immigrants while we are studying the general problem and preparing for more permanent legislation. The Dillingham Bill would admit from April 1 and throughout the coming fiscal year only three per cent of the foreign-born of any particular nationality resident here. It would thus deal with a human problem in a mechanical way. It is a stupid and vicious bill. The character of the immigrant is of more moment than is the country of his origin. Certainly the alien influx must be proportioned to our capacity for assimilating it and immigration restricted. But in this task ethnic percentages do not mean as much as is supposed. This particular percentage, completely carried out as to each country, would give us a total for a year of some 355,000 immigrants. Of them there would be about 75,000 potential propagandists from Germany and some 52,000 from Russia-countries with which we have not at present diplomatic dealings; on the other hand, we would get 1,482 persons from Belgium and only 139 from Serbia-to mention two countries especially hard hit by the war and whose immigrants arrive here with particular qualifications and appeal. The Dillingham Bill establishes the status quo, and the unassimilated Germans in America are alone enough to show that what we need to do with that status is not to fix it but to change it. The bill is thus mediæval, not modern. Its percentage idea was first proposed some years ago by Dr. Sidney Gulick, the well-known authority on education and missions, in an effort to placate the Japanese by limiting Japanese immigration without formally discriminating against the Japanese. If we are to have a percentage basis, it should, we think, be based, not on the ethnic resident populations here, but on the readiness of the various immigrant races to become American citizens. Such a policy, while not ideal, would doubtless improve the quality of our immigration. What we really need is not any such rigid plan, but something like the elastic plan followed by Canada. Instead of the present Bureau of Immigration, we ought to have an Immigration Commission, composed of men of the most eminent ability and paid proportionately, whose orders would be law to every American official abroad, whose requirements for admission here would be lenient when we need labor and hard when we do not, in no case, of course, approving the migration of persons of unsound body or mind. The process of selection is really a matter of diplomatic regulation by our consuls under the visé system. Why, therefore, should not our consuls and immigration agents abroad be requested to do something more than merely examine emigrants? Why should not a little proper advertis ing of our country be added to their duties? Why, for instance, should they not publicly advertise the fact that the State of Kansas, let us say, needs some thousands of foreign hands and that emigrants who agree to go to that State and work there should apply for consular visés? Why, for example, should it not be advertised that in a certain American area good land may be had at low prices? Why not open, as Canada has done, immigration offices in various foreign cities where fairly complete data can be obtained as to the needs and possibilities of various sections of our country? In other words, why not give to the emigrant, before he leaves his home land, the chance to find just how he may best use his time and money here? Thus, before the emigrant reaches America, we would have done the major part of the work in solving the problems both of selection and of distribution. In particular, we would have done something to lessen our present burden of having more immigrants in our cities than we can assimilate. Hitherto we have passively received immigrants, though exercising some discrimination. We ought now to act on the principle that America, not the immigrant, should take the initiative, seeking those whom she wants, and preventing those whom she does not want from even starting towards her shores. SENATOR HIRAM JOHNSON HE sudden and somewhat dramatic THE appearance. in New York of Senator Hiram Johnson as the counsel of Mayor Hylan and his administration in their conflict with the street transportation interests has given the controversy a National aspect. That controversy, which we have already reported, is the result of the rapid deterioration and in some instances the complete breakdown of the subway, elevated, and street-car lines. Some of them have already become bankrupt, others are threatened with bankruptcy. Equipment is inadequate; the service is poor; transfers have been abolished; some routes have been discontinued. Everybody agrees that this disorganized condition is largely due to greatly increased costs of operation, the price of coal and equipment and the wages of the men being the chief factors. But there is bitter disagreement as to the remedy. The owners and managers of the roads insist that nothing can save the sitution but an immediate increase of which is naturally very unpopufayor Hylan and his supporters assert that municipal ownership and municipal operation at the present rate of fare with any deficits paid out of the general tax fund is the only cure. Goyernor Miller proposes a competent survey of the whole situation, a consolidation of the subways, elevateds, and trolley lines into one co-ordinated system to be owned by the city, but leased to a private corporation for operation on a reasonable fare to be determined after an investigation of costs. Bills have been introduced into the State Legislature to carry out the Governor's plan. Senator Johnson has been brought from California to New York by Mayor Hylan, supposedly with the backing of Mr. Hearst, to oppose Governor Miller and to fight for municipal ownership and operation. Mayor Hylan's critics have pointed out with some amusement that, while he objects to Governor Miller's taking an active part in this transportation controversy because that is an interference with the principle of home rule, he himself has found it necessary to go three thousand miles across the continent and import Senator Hiram Johnson to represent him before the State Legislature. Other critics have expressed the feeling that Senator Johnson has undertaken this work as a means of preparing the way for his appearance as a candidate of popular rights in the Presidential campaign of 1924. Unfortunately, there is some ground for questioning the complete disinterestedness of both Mayor Hylan and Senator Johnson, but in all fairness it should be said that Senator Johnson has for many years been a persistent and consistent advocate of municipal ownership and operation, and that Mayor Hylan, a former employee and engine-driver of one of the Brooklyn elevated roads, is undoubtedly genuine in his antipathy to private operation. There is one general principle which stands out clearly in this confused debate. Street transportation is the arterial system of city life. When it breaks down, the entire city breaks down. It ought to be administered on a plan as unified and co-ordinated as the water system. The question of fare is a detail, although a complicated detail. In some instances franchises and contracts have been made on the basis of a five-cent fare, so that there is some doubt whether the courts would permit an increase even if the Legislature wanted to permit it. The real question at issue is whether the people of New York want the city government to operate the street railways, or private corporations to operate them. In either case, if the fare remains at five cents deficits will have to be paid out of the general income of the city from taxation. The objection to city operation is that it creates an additional city bureaucracy, and that government business of all kinds is apt to be carried on less efficiently and economically than private business. On the other hand, if private companies operate the transportation system on a lease from the city they probably cannot do it on a five-cent fare with universal transfers unless deficits are guaranteed from the general tax fund. Such a guaranty would not tend to economy and efficiency even on the part of private management. The inevitable conclusion seems to us to be that Governor Miller has taken the right course in this matter. The whole problem should be surveyed and a plain and understandable report made to the public before the public can intelligently decide as to whether it wants municipal operation with low fares and high taxes or private operation with higher fares and less taxation. LESSONS FROM THE NEWEST AND OLDEST REPUBLICS 66 "STR TRANGE as it may seem, this Republic of ours can take lessons from a yearling when it comes to forestry, and the yearling is republican Czechoslovakia. In that new Republic only mature timber can be cut. Without official sanction no soil once used for forest purposes may be used for any other. All lumbered acres must be reforested within five years. The laws also provide for the maintenance of a force of trained foresters and wardens for fire protection." So stated Charles Lathrop Pack, President of the American Forestry Association, the other day. He also drew a lesson from the oldest Republic in the world as follows: "As has been said, with her municipal forests Switzerland holds her mountains up and her taxes down. Six hundred years ago the city of Zurich put its forest to work. That forest has been working steadily ever since. It never goes on strike. It is always on the job. A municipal wood lot is a handy thing to have around, ready to go to work when coal strikes threaten and railway transportation goes bad. "The United States can learn a valuable lesson from Swiss methods. Our timber is being consumed far more rapidly than it is being reproduced. Moreover our forest-fire bill amounts to many million dollars a year. Finally, the center of the timber industry is rapidly moving toward the Pacific coast. That means that freight rates of millions of dollars a year must be paid by somebody to keep the wood industry going. And that somebody is the public. The housing situation and the high cost of living are both tied up with the in |